Proceeding cum Abstract book: National Webinar on Cultivation of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (MAPs): An Innovative Effort towards Sustainable Development

ISBN: 978-81-949290-0-0
National Webinar
on
Cultivation of Medicinal and Aromatic
Plants (MAPs): An Innovative Effort towards
Sustainable Development
01 September, 2020
Organized by
Mandan Bharti Agriculture
College, Agwanpur
(Bihar Agricultural University
Sabour, Bhagalpur-813210, Bihar)
Editors:
Dr. Mrinalini Kumari
Dr. Mukul Kumar
Dr. Shyam Babu Shah

National Webinar on Cultivation of Medicinal and
Aromatic Plants (MAPs): An Innovative Effort towards
Sustainable Development
(Proceeding cum Abstract Book)
01 September, 2020
Editors:
Dr. Mukul Kumar
Dr. Shyam Babu Shah
(BAU Communication no. 912/201222)
Mandan Bharti Agriculture College, Agwanpur,
Saharsa (Bihar)-852201

Chairman
Dr. Umesh Singh
Mandan Bharti Agriculture
Agwanpur, Saharsa, Bihar-852201
Editors
Dr. Mukul Kumar
Dr. Shyam Babu Shah
(BAU Communication no. 912/201222)
Technical Support
Mr. Brijesh Kumar Tiwari
Mr. Anjum Hasim
Copyright @ 2020, Kumari, M
All Right Reserved
Mandan Bharti Agriculture College, Agwanpur, Saharsa
ISBN: 978-81-949290-0-0

Contents
Sl. No. Particulars Page No.
1. About the Webinar 01
Keynote Address
2. Boosting Medicinal Plants Cultivation under Make in India
Campaign
*N K Dubey
03-04
3. Agri-business Opportunities Through Medicinal and Aromatic
Plants Based Technologies in Country
* Sanjay Kumar
05
4. Potential and Prospects of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants
(M&APs) in the Orchards
* A. K. Trivedi
06-07
5. Emerging role of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants as Immune
Boosters
*Poonam Singh
08
Theme 1: Understanding the innovative cultivation of MAPs
6. Standardization of planting methods and spacing of long pepper
(Piper longum)
*Bijit Kr. Saud
10
7. Integrated nutrient management in long pepper (Piper longum)
*Bijit Kr. Saud
11
8. Study on the Genotypic, Phenotypic correlation and Path
coefficient in Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan (L.)
* G.P.Pandey
12
9. Pushkarmool (INDIAN ELECAMPANE): Little known medicinal
and aromatic plant of Himalayan region
*Harpal Singh
13
10. Cultivation and Medicinal Importance of Periwinkle
(Catharanthus roseus)
*P. S. Markam
14-16
11. Automatic Classification of Medicinal Plants and its Cultivation
for Future Sustainable Development
*Kumar Sanjeev
17
12. Standardization of vegetative propagation of Guggul
[Commiphora wightii (Arn.) Bhan.], a commercial important and
threatened medicinal tree species
*L.K. Behera
18
13. Gorgon Nut (Euryale ferox Salisb.) Cultivation as a Medicinal and
Industrial Crop Can Boost the Agri-based Economy of Eastern
India
*Manoj Kumar
19-20
14. Cultivation of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants: An Innovative
Effort towards Sustainable Development
*Rakesh Kumar
21-22
15. Organic Farming in Black Pepper (Piper nigrum L.) 23-24

*Vandana Yadav
16. Salient role of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants
*Ajay Saroha
25
17. General overview of medicinal plants
*Amerjeet Singh
26-28
18. Effectiveness of vegetative propagation methods for Giloy
(Tinospora cordifolia) planting
* A. A. Suvagiya
29
19. Macronutrients Nutrition Of Medicinal And Aromatic Plants
*Amit Kumar Pandey
30
20. Studies on Genetic diversity and variability for yield and yield
attributes in garlic (Allium sativum L.) under Dhampur condition
* Deepak Kumar
31
21. Nitrogen fertilization in medicinal plant cultivation
*Manoj Kumar
32
22. Impact of organic manures as quality determinants in Medicinal
and Aromatic Plants
*Ragini Kumari
33
23. Growing Of Tulsi/Basil Medicinal Plant by Different Methods of
Cultivation Practices
*Saurabh Toppo
34
24. Status of medicinal plants cultivation in Salem District of Tamil
Nadu
*G. Malathi
35-36
25. Participatory Approach for Adoption of Improved Technology of
Turmeric Through Front Line Demonstration
*Sunita Kumari
37
Theme 2: Innovative extraction methods of MAPs and their uses
26. Bioinformatics: A tool for a new era of plant based drug discovery
*Ankita Sharma
39
27. Traditional versus innovative extraction methods of MAPs
*Parul Mehra
40
28. Innovative extraction methods of MAPs and their uses
*Pratibha Kumari
41
29. Improved tapping methods for extraction of oleo-gum resin in Salai
guggul (Boswellia serrata Roxb.): A medicinal tree for
pharmaceutical industries
*S.K. Sinha
42-43
30. Innovative Extraction Method of MAPs and Their Uses
*Swati Kumari
44
Theme 3: Conservation and sustainable utilization of MAPs
31. Collection of High Quality Mahua Flower in Shahdol District
(MP) for Seasonal Livelihood Security
*B.P Pandre
46
32. Integrated nutrient management on oil production and
economics of basil (Ocimum sanctum) cultivation
47

*Nilay Kumar
33. Global initiatives for medicinal crops conservation
*G. Roja Ramani
48-49
34. Comparing medicinal properties of plant extracted drugs
*Jyoti Shekhawat
50
35. Antioxidant and antimicrobial effects of lemongrass (Cymbopogon
citrates) oil
*Nisha Jangre
51
36. Medicinal herbs: Globally valued potential source of therapeutic
AIDS
*Rehan
52
37. Medicinal Properties of Punarnava (Boerhaavia diffusa)
*Romila Xess
53
38. Relevance of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants in COVID era
*Rupesh
54
39. Advancement in Fruit Production through Growth Regulators
*Sangeeta
55-56
40. Insecticidal property of parthenium hysterosphours and viex
nigundi leaf extract (acetone) against Siophilus orzyae (rice
weevil)
*Sanket Surendra Deshmukh
57
41. Conservation and sustainable utilization of Medicinal and
Aromatic plants
*Yelakacherla Mounika
58
42. Mint – A Mircale Plant,
*Vandana Yadav
59
43. Cursory Effect of Climate Change on Ecosystem and Biodiversity
*Yugalkishor Lodhi
60
44. Medicinal values of Some important Aquatic plants of
Muzaffarpur
*Anima Kumari
61
45. Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of MAPs
*Ansar Ahmed
62-63
46. Effect of medicinal plants or herbs on potential health benefits
* Archana
64-67
47. Relevance of Sustainable Use of Medicinal Plants For Ayurveda
* Shital Ghorband
68
48. Bergenia ciliata: Himalayan valuable medicinal herb and its
conservation
* Kajal Mog Chaudhuri
69
49. Aloe vera and its health benefits
*Mina Kumari
70
50. Medicinal properties of Acampe Sp: - A rare medicinal orchid
*Mohita Srivastava
71
51. Activity of Medicinal Plant extracts against pathogenic fungi in maize
seeds (zea mays L.)
*Nitu Kumari
72
52. Medicinal plants as human health booster
*Shyama Kumari
73-74

Theme 4: Role of MAPs as Immune Boosters
53. Importance of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants for immune booster
*Aryama Bharti
76-77
54. Medicinal Aromatic Plants (MAPs) and human wellbeing
* Karuna Gautam
78
55. Role of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants as Immune Boosters
*Manish Raj
79
56. Immunomodulatory properties of fenugreek
*Neha
80
57. Traditional Medicinal Packages as Immune Boosters
*
Nimisha Roslin Benny
81
58. Use of different medicinal plants as immunity boosters
*Shikha Jain
82
59. Role of MAPs as immune boosters
*Tanya Gupta
83
60. Role of Medicinal Plants : As Rasayana (Immuno-modulators) in
Ayurveda
*Narayan Jadhav
84
61. Immunomodulators: Role of Medicinal Plants as Immune Boosters
*Ritu kumari
85-86
62. Curcumin act as preventive measure against COVID 19 disease
*Niru Kumari
87
Key recommendations 88

M.B.A.C., AGWANPUR 1
About the Webinar
Medicinal & Aromatic Plants (MAPs) are botanical raw materials. They are also known as
herbal drugs and are predominately used for the therapeutic, aromatic and/or culinary
purposes such as components of cosmetics, medicinal products, health foods and other
natural health products. MAPs are the reservoirs of useful bioactive compounds which are
responsible for their remarkable potential properties/activities. MAPs can be an easily
accessible and cost effective source of promising therapeutic agents that can be used in
combating horrible diseases such as cancer and other infectious diseases caused by drug-
resistant microorganisms etc. Recently, due to COVID-19 pandemic situation, people are
mainly concerned about their health, prevention of diseases, detox and longevity.
Consequently, MAPS are focussed and accepted in modern medicine and daily life. In view
of the increasing global demands on these important natural resources, attention should be
paid to the sustainable forms of production and utilization. This webinar intends to highlight
the innovations in the cultivation of MAPs and its utilization. It will be a valuable resource
for farmers, scientists, chemists, biochemists, pharmacists and students interested in
medicinal & aromatic plants and plant biology.
The webinar was conducted under following thematic areas:
❖ Understanding the innovative cultivation of MAPs.
❖ Innovative extraction methods of MAPs and their uses.
❖ Conservation and sustainable utilization of MAPs
❖ Role of MAPs as Immune boosters
This proceedings-cum-abstract book contains the abstract of keynote lectures delivered by
eminent speakers and submitted by the participant during the National Webinar held on 01
September 2020. The outcome of this webinar in a form of proceedings has been included at
the end of this book.

Keynote address

Boosting Medicinal Plants Cultivation under Make in India
Campaign
N. K. Dubey
Department of Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005
Email:nkdubeybhu@gmail.com; Mob: 9415295765
The progressive “Make in India” campaign aims to turn the country into a global
manufacturing hub. The vision behind this campaign is to put the country on the global
manufacturing map, thereby, to facilitate the inflow of new technology and capital and
creating a large number of jobs. Agricultural and pharmaceutical sectors are two important
pillars on which human civilization is built up. India is a mega- biodiversity rich country and
has varied climatic zones comprising approximately 17000-18000 species of flowering plants
of which 6000-7000 are estimated to have medicinal usage in folk practices. In India, around
25,000 effective plant-based formulations are used in traditional and folk medicine and the
country enjoys an important position in the global pharmaceuticals sector.
However, exploration of phyto-chemicals is currently gaining momentum in the agriculture
sector also so as to formulate some novel plant based green pesticides for the management
of agricultural pests In view of post application side effects such as pest resistance , residual
toxicity, non – biodegradable nature, ozone layer depleting effects, disruption of ecological
balance and interference with the reproduction of non target species, most of the synthetic
chemicals ( often called as grey chemicals or xenobiotics) used as pesticides have their own
limitations . Hence, exploration of plant products (green chemicals) is gaining importance so
as to formulate some novel plant based pesticides for the sustainable management of
agriculture pests . Plant based formulations are chiefly biodegradable and are recognized as
better sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives of synthetic pesticides in food security. The
most attractive aspect of using such plant chemicals in agricultural pests management is their
mode of action as semiochemical or behaviour altering inhibiting the growth and metabolism
of pests without killing them. Such growth regulatory approach in pest control is being more

accepted currently. Rotenone (root of Derris elliptica), nicotine (leaves of Nicotiana
tabacum), pyrethrins (flower of Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium), azadirachtin (seeds of
Azardiracta indica), piperine (seeds of Piper nigrum), eugenol (clove essential oil), and
menthol (Mentha sps. essential oil) are some plants-derived commercially available bioactive
compounds used in agri-food industries Cinnamon, clove, lemongrass, oregano, thyme,
nutmeg, basil, carvone, cinnamaldehyde, citral, eugenol, limonene, menthol, linalool, etc. are
kept in generally recognised as safe (GRAS) and are used as preservatives in United State
with wide coverage. Biodiversity rich countries like India, China, Sri Lanka, Brazil, and
Africa have n a vast traditional knowledge on use of plants and their products in agriculture
in pest control. Hence, there is a lot of scope for India to achieve global leadership in the field
of green pesticides to be sustainably and eco-friendly used in agriculture sector. Looking in to
different acts of biopiracy exploiting indigenous knowledge on herbal products without
recognition of the owner country, there is need for bioprospection of Indian flora for novel
formulations to be used in agriculture as well as pharma sector.

Agri-business Opportunities through Medicinal and Aromatic
Plants Based Technologies in Country
Sanjay Kumar
Principal Scientist, Technology Dissemination, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and
Aromatic Plants (CIMAP), P.O. –CIMAP, Lucknow-226015
Email: sanjaykumar@cimap.res.in
Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (MAPs) cultivation are gaining momentum in the country
from last two decades. Due to diverse climatic conditions and availability of the resources
in the country, there are great opportunities of medicinal and aromatic plants based
business/ entrepreneurship development in the country. CSIR-CIMAP with its continuing
efforts has been promoting the cultivation of the medicinal and aromatic plants in
different parts of country. Several medicinal and aromatic plants are being cultivated in
large area in the country especially Menthol mint in about 2,90,000 lakhs hectares,
Vetiver in about 5000 hectares., Tulsi ( Basil) in about 6000 hectares., Lemongrass in
about 10,000 hectares, Palmarosa in about 4000 hectares, Ashwagandha 4000, Isabgole
60000, senna about 20,000 hectares, Sataver 1500 hectares, Kalmegh 1000 hectares and
Aloe-vera 3000 hectares, etc. It is estimated that more than six lakhs farm families are
directly involved in cultivation of these plants in the country. Some crop specific cluster
has been developed by CSIR –CIMAP in different part of country like Vetiver and Mint
clusters in Bihar, Palmaorsa cluster in Kutch and Sorashtra in Gujarat. Lemongrass
clusters in Jharkhand and Chattisgarh, Mint cluster in tribal area of Dudhwa Tiger
Reserve. Ashwagandha Cluster in Telangana and Ahdhra Pradesh. This will results in
sustainable cultivation of important medicinal and aromatic plants in the country that
directly benefits the farmers and also ensure the availability of the quality raw material
for pharma and aroma industry. Apart from this youth can adopt the business
opportunities in processing and product development through medicinal and aromatic
plants. This paper will emphasize the agri-business opportunities through cultivation and
processing of medicinal and aromatic plants in the country for boosting the farmer’s
income.

Potential and Prospects of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants
(M&APs) in the Orchards
A. K. Trivedi
ICAR-Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture
Rehmankhera, Lucknow-226101
E-mail: ak.trivedi@icar.gov.in
India is endowed with diversified weather, soils and enormously rich flora including exotic
medicinal and aromatic plants. However, so far full potential of available natural resources
has not been properly harnessed by local communities. Increasing demand has resulted in
exploitation of economically important medicinal and aromatic plants at a fast pace which
leads many plants to the endangered status. During recent years, globally increasing interest
of researchers and farmers has added new dimension for commercialization, conservation and
judicious exploitation of herbal wealth. The increasing demand of herbal products in near
future is undisputable and requires better understanding of these crops. Hence, wide
awareness and community participation is essential for the rational utilization and better
conservation strategies of medicinal and aromatic plants (M&APs). Due to diversified use of
botanically derived molecules and compounds in pharmaceutical, nutraceutical,
cosmeceutical and agro-chemical industry, there are enormous opportunities for employment
and income generation in this sector. Farmers in different areas have limited choice for crops,
although wide range of medicinal and aromatic crops can be grown in these areas as
nontraditional crops, intercrops or seasonal crops. This needs identification, collection,
characterization and conservation of potential crops from different locations and
standardization of their agro-techniques for adoption at large scale in specific agro-climatic
conditions.
Mango is most important fruit of India and is known as “King of fruits”. In India mango is
cultivated in 2,258 thousand ha and production is around 21822 thousand MT per year (Govt.

of India 2018). It is one of the most important fruits of tropical and subtropical regions of the
world grown in more than 100 countries of which more than 65 countries produce each more
than 1,000 MT a year (Mitra 2016). Under traditional system of mango plantation, ample
space is available between rows as well as between trees. Furthermore, fruit trees,
invariably after a certain period of successful fruit production, have a tendency to lose
their productivity depending upon the species, making the orchards unproductive and
non-remunerative. In addition, mango trees require long gestation period to come in
bearing. Hence, this available space may be utilized for growing seasonal or perennial
medicinal and aromatic herbs/ shrubs till mango plants attain bearing stage/ full economic
potential which will create additional opportunities and additional income as well. The
intercropping is profitable in case of other annual and perennial herbs and shrubs also. This
practice enhances the net profit and reduces the risk of crop failure under adverse conditions.
Useful medicinal and aromatic plants may be available in our surroundings; however, due to
lack of awareness collection, conservation, evaluation and popularization of such precious
material could not gain momentum.
Several medicinal and aromatic plant species have potential which can be cultivated in
orchard system. Twenty M&AP species have been evaluated to assess the feasibility for
cultivation as intercrop in mango orchards. Among these, turmeric (Curcuma longa),
shatavaree (Asparagus officinalis), ziminkand (Amorphophallus titanium), ginger (Zingiber
officinale Rosc.) have been widely adopted by farmers. These and other such species may
play vital role for enhancing farmer’s income in mango based cropping system. In addition, a
holistic approach is required to manage the rich heritage of medicinal and aromatic plant
wealth.

Emerging role of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants as Immune
Boosters
Sarika Srivastava and Poonam Singh*
* Professor of Zoology, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221 005, India
Email:poonom@gmail.com
Immunity is the state of protection against infectious diseases. A group of cells, tissues,
organs and soluble mediators develop the immune system involved in protection of animals
from the attack of injurious microorganisms, present in the surrounding. The harmful
pathogens invade the body of the host for nourishment and for raising their progeny that
threaten the integrity of the organism and may cause mild to severe diseases due to
vulnerable immunity. The balanced and strengthened immune system is adequate to fight
with these pathogens. Hence it becomes essential to keep the immune system strong by using
prescribed and alternative therapies. Several synthetic, allopathic medicines are available that
combat with the pathogens effectively however, may be having certain side effects. Since
ancient time, medicinal plants have been used for health benefits and according to WHO,
around 80% of the world’s population is using herbal medicines for primary health care,
particularly across Europe and South Asia. Uses of herbal medicines have become a
promising strategy as an integrative, complementary and preventive therapy. These are cheap,
beneficial and easily available. The medicinal and aromatic plants are with numerous active
phytochemicals, possessing polysaccharides, flavonoids, polyphenols, alkaloids etc., that are
helpful in building up the body’s natural immunity. The immune boosting properties of
certain commonly occurring medicinal plants have been discussed.

Theme 1
Understanding the innovative cultivation of
MAPs

Standardization of planting methods and spacing of long pepper
(Piper longum)
Bijit Kr. Saud and Pranjal Kr Kaman
AICRP on MAP and Betelvine, AAU, Jorhat
Email Id: bijit1969@rediffmail.com
An experiment was conducted in the Experimental Farm (Horticulture), Assam Agricultural
University, Jorhat for standardization of planting method and spacing of long pepper under
Assam condition for two years. Two planting methods viz. with support and without support
were practiced in two factors RBD with three replications. The crop geometry was 40 x 40 cm,
60 x 40 cm, 60 x 60 cm and 90 x 60 cm. The result revealed that there were significant
differences were noticed due to two studied factors. The maximum dry yield (516.59 kg/ha) was
obtained in the crop with support in the crop geometry 60x40cm. The minimum dry yield
(363.25 Kg/ha) was obtained in the crop without support in the crop geometry 90 x 60cm.
However, the benefit: cost ratio (1.89) was better in the planting method “Without Support” as
compared to “With Support”(1.84). Hence, the crop geometry 60x40cm without support is
economically feasible planting system for Assam condition.

Integrated nutrient management in long pepper (Piper longum)
Bijit Kr Saud and Pranjal Kr Kaman
AICRP on MAP and Betelvine, AAU, Jorhat
Email Id: bijit1969@rediffmail.com
An experiment was conducted in the Experimental Farm (Horticulture), Assam Agricultural
University, Jorhat for Integrated nutrient management in long pepper. Twelve number of
treatment combinations was practiced viz T1: FYM 10 ha-1
, T2: Neem cake 5q ha-1
T3: FYM 10
t/ha + Neem cake 5q ha-1
T4: NPK 100:50:50 kg ha-1
T5: NPK 100:75:75 kg ha-1
T6: NPK
100:50:50 kg ha-1
+ FYM 10 ha-1
T7: NPK 100:50:50 kg ha-1
+ Neem cake 5q ha-1
T8: NPK
100:50:50 kg ha-1
+ FYM 10 ha-1
+ Neem cake 5q ha-1
T9: NPK 150:75:75 kg ha-1
+ FYM 10 ha-1
T10: NPK 150:75:75 kg ha-1
+ Neem cake 5q ha-1
T11: NPK 175:75:75 kg ha-1
+ FYM 10 ha-1
+
Neem cake 5q ha-1
T12:Control (RDF). There were significant differences in yield and yield
attributing characters of the Piper longum due to different INM treatments. Among the INM
treatments the maximum dry yield (522.89 kg/ha) was obtained in the treatment T11 (NPK
175:75:75 kg ha-1
+ FYM 10 ha-1
+ Neem cake 5q ha-1
) along with maximum benefit :cost ratio
2.61. The dry yield was minimum (315.24 kg/ha) in the treatment T1: FYM 10 ha-1
and
minimum benefit : cost ratio1.47. Hence, the treatment T11: NPK 175:75:75 kg ha-1
+ FYM 10
ha-1
+ Neem cake 5q ha-1
was found suitable for cultivation of Piper longum in Assam condition.

Study on the Genotypic, Phenotypic correlation and Path coefficient
in Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan (L.).
G.P.Pandey*, Shubham Dwivedi*, H.M.Singh** and T.S.Mishra***
*M.G.C.G.V Chitrkoot Satna, M.P
**N.H.R.D.F Patna Bihar
***KVK West Kameng Dirang Arunachal Pradesh
Pigeonpea or red gram [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp] is one of the important pulse crop. The
Experiment was conducted at Agriculture Farm, Nana Ji Deshmukh New Agriculture Campus,
Mahatma Gandhi Chitrakoot Gramodaya Vishwavidyalaya, Chitrakoot, Satna to evaluate the
Thirty genotypes/varieties under normal soil and rain fed condition. The experiment was laid out
fallowing Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications during Kharif 2018, The
place of experiment in Chitrakoot is situated at 250
10' North latitude and 800
85' East longitude.
The altitude is about 200m above mean sea level The experiment was sown on 29th
, July, 2018
and harvested on 18th
,February,2019 . Each treatment was grown in 4 m long 6 rows per plot
spaced 90 cm apart. The plant to plant distance was maintained 25cm by thinning.
Recommended agronomic cultural practices and plant protection measures were adopted to raise
a best crop. Observation were recorded Days to 50% flowering,Number of primary branches per
plant, Number of secondary branches per plant:, Number of pods per plant, Plant height(Cm),
Days to Maturity (DM),100-Seed weight (g) and Seed yield (kg/ha). On the basis of above per se
varieties- ICPL 87119, LRG 134 and BDN 2013-1 and BRGL 18-1 are found suitable and best
performer in terms of yield and yield contributing characters in agro-climatic condition of
Chitrakoot.

Pushkarmool (INDIAN ELECAMPANE): Little known medicinal
and aromatic plant of Himalyan region
Harpal Singh*, Bhupender Dutt**
*Department of Agriculture, Baba Farid College, Bathinda, Punjab, India
**Department of Forest Products, Dr YS Parmar University of Horticulture & Forestry Nauni,
Solan, H.P.-173230
Email: hari85bfgi@gmail.com
Inula is a large genus of 100 species distributed throughout Europe, Asia and Africa. Twenty
species have been reported to be occurring wild in India, of which five are considered to be of
economic value. Three species i.e, Inula racemosa, Inula royleana and Inula grandii occur in
Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand. Among these species, I.racemoca
commonly known as Pushkarmool has gained importance as a medicinal and aromatic plant, and
is cultivated on a small scale in some parts of North Western Himalayas. The domesticated forms
of these incipient cultigens have been selected by the natives from the wild types which occur on
stony, alpine and scrub vegetation in the cold arid habitat between 2700 – 3500 m amsl. It is
Therapeutically Pushkarmool is an aromatic tonic, febrifuge, and expectorant with anti-
inflammatory, carminative, diuretic, and antiseptic properties. The plant is used in chronic
bronchitis and rheumatism. Dried rhizomes and roots are used to cure loss of appetite and
stomach troubles. The fragrant aromatic root of this plant is also reported to find a place in herbal
based cosmocentricals. Thus, present work is based on the literature and personal surveys
conducted on this important plant species so to highlight its scope in the fast growing
pharmaceutical industries.

Cultivation and Medicinal Importance of Periwinkle
(Catharanthus roseus)
P. S. Markam, Sukalu Ram Netam
College of Agriculture and Research Station, Kanker, (C.G.)
Corresponding E-mail: markamphoolsingh@gmail.com
Periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus.) is an important annual/perinnial shrub belonging to family
Apocynaceae. Periwinkle Popularly known as Sadabahar and Nayantara, this flower is not only
beautiful and attractive but its leaves, stems and roots also considered rich in medicinal
properties. Medicinal properties are usually found in the entire plant except for flowers. It
produces nearly 130 alkaloids including ajmaline, serpentine, reserpine, vindoline, vincristine,
and vinblastin. The leaves of evergreen also contain an alkaline substance called ‘wickerstein’
which is very useful in cancer, especially blood cancer (leukemia). The most interesting thing is
that it has also been found useful in the treatment of diabetes. It is beneficial in reducing blood
sugar as well as in reducing high blood pressure. Chew three to four leaves of the plant on an
empty stomach, this will help to manage blood sugar levels. Varieties-White flowered, Purple
flowered and Nirmal are the three types of periwinkle varieties. ‘Nirmal’ and ‘Dhawal’ are the
released cultivars of white flowered type developed by CIMAP are commercial varieties of
sadabahar. Soil and Climate- it can grow in a variety of soils and climates. However, its growth
is better in tropical and sub-tropical areas. The plant also grows in sub-tropical areas of northern
India but the growth is slow due to extremely low temperature during the winter. It can be grown
in any type of soil except those which are highly saline, alkaline or water-logged. Light soils,
which are rich in humus, are preferable for large scale cultivation, since harvesting of the roots
become easy. A well distributed rainfall of 100 cm or more is ideal if the plant is to be grown as
a rainfed crop. Seed Sowing - Direct sowing can be adopted during the monsoon months,
particularly if large area has to be cultivated. About 2.5 kg of seeds are required per hectare.
Seeds are mixed with about 25 kg of fine, moist sand to ensure even distribution. Seeds are sown
in rows 45 cm apart; subsequently seedlings are thinned maintaining a distance of 30 cm
between plant to plant. Nursery Raising and Transplanting- If seeds are scarce and irrigation

facility is available, transplanting can be adopted with advantage since only about 500 gm of
seeds will be enough to plant one hectare. Seeds are sown in nursery beds, two months before
transplanting. An area of about 200 sqm under nursery gives enough seedlings for transplanting
one hectare land. The seeds take about ten days to germinate and about 60 days to reach
transplanting stage. Transplanting is done at 45X30 cm spacing. One hectare requires about
74,000 seedlings. Manuring- Apply FYM at 20 t/ha and N, P and K at 25:50:75 kg/ha as basal
dose. On 60 days after transplanting apply 50 kg N as top dressing. Irrigation- Places where
rainfall is evenly distributed throughout the year, the plants do not require any irrigation.
However, the areas where the monsoon is restricted to a particular period, 4-5 irrigations once in
fifteen days during February, March and April months are needed to get optimum yield.
Interculture Operations- The first weeding is done after about 60 days from sowing or
transplanting and the second after additional 60 days. Diseases and Pest Control: The plant is
generally resistant to the attack of various pests and diseases. Occasionally, some plants have
been found to suffer from 'Little leaf' disease, resulting in stunted growth of the plant. The
disease can be checked from spreading by uprooting and destroying the affected plants and
spraying organic phosphorus insecticides once in 15 days when the infection is prevalent. A, die-
back, caused. by Pythium aphanidermatum Edson Fitzp., has been found to affect the crop
during the monsoon. It is observed that mulching between the rows with any straw reduces the
incidence of die-back to a considerable degree. Harvesting and Management- The crop is
harvested after about 12 months from sowing. The crop is cut at about 7.5 cm above the ground
and dried in shade. The field is then copiously irrigated and when it reaches at proper moisture
level, it is ploughed and the roots are collected. The roots are washed thoroughly and dried in
shade. If there is demand for leaves, two leaf-stripping can be done. After harvesting, the whole
plant is dried in shade. At this stage, light threshing will separate the seeds, which can be used
for the next sowing. The leaves and stems are also then separately collected. Seeds collected this
way will have fruits of various degrees of maturity and hence will have poor percentage of
germination. It is, therefore, advisable that only mature pods should be collected during two or
three months before the crop is harvested. be taken, the first one after 6 months and the second
one after 9 months from sowing. Post-harvest Management: After harvesting, the whole plant
is dried in shade. At this stage, light threshing will separate the seeds, which can be used for the

next sowing. The leaves and stems are also then separately collected. Seeds collected this way
will have fruits of various degrees of maturity and hence will have poor percentage of
germination. It is, therefore, advisable that only mature pods should be collected during two or
three months before the crop is harvested. Yield: Under irrigated conditions, about 1.5 tonnes of
leaves, and 0.5 tonnes of roots on air-dry basis are obtained per hectare. The yield of leaves and
roots under rainfed conditions is 0.75 t/ha each on air-dry basis.

Automatic Classification of Medicinal Plants and its Cultivation for
Future Sustainable Development
Kumar Sanjeev1
, Suneeta Paswan2
, Pramod Prabhakar1
, Arun Paswan3
1
Assistant Professor, Mandan Bharti Agriculture College, Agwanpur, Saharsa, Bihar
2
Subject Matter Specialist, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Agwanpur, Saharsa, Bihar
3
Assistant Professor, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Samastipur, Bihar
Medicinal plants are the main source of traditional Indian medicine, which provides the basic
protection of human health. The research and application of medicinal plant classification
methodology has important implications in the resource preservation.This initially requires data
about various plant varieties, so that they could be monitored, protected and can be used for
future. Plants form the backbone of Ayurveda and today's Modern-day medicine and are a great
source of revenue. Due to Deforestation and Pollution, lot of medicinal plant varieties have
almost become extinct. So, there is an urgent need for us to identify them and regrow them for
the use of future generations. In evolution towards sustainable agriculture system it was clear
that important contributions can be made by using emerging technologies. Image processing is a
computerized new technology which helps in automatic identification of plants species based on
colour, texture and shape of plants parts. It uses different classifier like Artificial Neural Network
(ANN), K-Nearest Neighbour (KNN), Support Vector machine (SVM) etc for recognition of
plant species. It is useful in prediction, classification and identification of image-based disease,
leaf, stem, root, fruits of plants. We hope that this technology will be helpful for medicinal plant
cultivation for future sustainable development.

Standardization of vegetative propagation of Guggul [Commiphora
wightii (Arn.) Bhan.], a commercial important and threatened
medicinal tree species
L.K. Behera, A.A. Mehta, C.A. Dholariya, M. Sukhadiya and R.P. Gunaga
College of Forestry, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari- 396 450
Email: lkbehera@nau.in
Guggul (Commiphora wightii Family: Burseraceae) is one of the slow growing medicinal tree
species. Habit of the plant is highly branched and spiny shrub to a small tree. Oleo-gum resin
produced by the guggal tree is anti-inflammatory and efficacious in the treatment of arthritis,
rheumatism, hyperlipidemia, thrombosis and hypercholesterolemia. Moreover, it has alterative,
carminative, astringent and antispasmodic properties. Guggul is an integral part of Ayurvedic
treatment and also used in Unani and Siddha. The availability of this species in the forest is
declining day by day and it may be due to poor seed setting, lower germination rate, heavy forest
destruction and other factors. Moreover, this species is categorized as threatened plant.
Therefore, cultivation and domestication of this medicinal plant is necessary. Propagation by
seeds and vegetative means is generally followed for multiplication of plants in large scale. In
the present study, vegetative propagation of C. wightii through semi hardwood branch cuttings
was undertaken in the forest nursery of College of Forestry, Navsari Agricultural University,
Navsari during 2020. Total five treatments of different concentration of IBA (control, 500, 1000,
1500, 2000 ppm) in three repetitions following Completely Randomised Design were adopted.
Results showed that maximum establishment of 90 per cent with more number of leaves (35.13)
and branches (3.25) along with more height (81.60cm) were recorded in semi-hardwood branch
cutting of C. wightii treated with IBA@1000 ppm as compared to other treatments. Therefore, C.
wightii can be propagated by semi-hardwood cuttings at 1000ppm IBA for production of
planting materials. In fact, this technique is highly useful for multiplication of clones of this
species.

Gorgon Nut (Euryale ferox Salisb.) Cultivation as a Medicinal and
Industrial Crop Can Boost the Agri-based Economy of
Eastern India
Manoj Kumar
ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region, Research Centre for Makhana,
Darbhanga-846005, Bihar, India
Email: manoj.kumar24@icar.gov.in; mkumar_iari@yahoo.co.in
Gorgon Nut (Euryale ferox Salisb.), commonly known as makhana, is cultivated in many parts of
the world including China, Russia, Japan, South Korea, Bangladesh and India. In India it’s
mostly cultivated in eastern part, including Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, West Bengal, Manipur and
Tripura, though its cultivation has been reported from Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jammu
and Kashmir also. Commercial cultivation of makhana is mostly confined in the northern part of
Bihar where it’s cultivated in nearly 15,000 ha area, involving a huge number of farm families in
its processing. In this region, makhana is cultivated exclusively for its seeds which are
transformed into makhana pops by roasting and popping, ignoring altogether the potential
medicinal and industrial uses of other plant parts such as leaf, pedicel, peduncle, seed coat etc.
Moreover, the seeds (popped) are also used just as dry fruit, without giving considerations to its
other potential uses which could be even more remunerative. India reportedly contributes 90% to
the global makhana production; however, it’s China who is exploiting the potential medicinal
and industrial uses of this miracle crop better than us. Phenolic extract from the seed coat of
Euryale ferox has been found to possess antioxidant and anti-fatigue activities. Makhana is also
known for its aphrodisiac and spermatogenic properties which are beneficial in curing male
impotency. It has a high amino acid index but a low glycemic value. Makhana also carries
medicinal values against cardiovascular and diabetes-related diseases. Makhana powder, with a
high volume to mass ratio, is being considered as a reliable system for drug delivery. Non-
effervescent floating matrix tablets have recently been developed based on makhana seeds.
Essential oils extracted from makhana seeds have been found to have antioxidant, cytotoxic, and

protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) inhibitory activities. Activated carbon from seed shell
of makhana can also be prepared which could be used as an adsorbent for pollutant molecules
apart from its many other industrial uses. Thus the need is to create infrastructure and awareness
to exploit the alternative and more remunerative uses of makhana seed and other plant parts
which would create huge entrepreneurship opportunities in north Bihar and other parts of eastern
India. Makhana merits enough to be viewed and cultivated not just as an aquatic fruit but also as
an industrial and medicinal crop which would certainly boost the agri-based economy of eastern
India, particularly north Bihar.

Cultivation of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants: An Innovative Effort
towards Sustainable Development
Rakesh Kumar
Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour 813210
Several hundred genera are used in herbal remedies and in traditional medicines throughout the
world. They are used in the form of crude drugs, which are dried parts of the medicinal plants
(root, stem, wood, bark, leaves, flowers, fruits, seeds, and, in some cases, whole plants) or their
extracts. There is a much smaller number of plants from which individual active constituents are
isolated and used as medicines, either alone or in combination. The species used for the isolation
of active ingredients may be indigenous species growing wild or cultivated, or hybrids or other
cultivated varieties that have been bred for a particular characteristic.
Today, the world witnesses a global resurgence of interests in plant-based drugs and cosmetics.
The revival of traditional health care systems, which is mainly plant-based, has several
ramifications including the challenging tasks of meeting the health care needs of the ever
increasing human population. Since the majority of raw material for preparing herbal medicine is
exploited from the wild and also the traditional practices of medicinal plants harvesting does not
remain sustainable due to commercial interests, the loss of medicinal plants is unprecedented. A
person across the world use medicinal plants in several health care practices, and the loss of this
valuable resource has direct bearings on these traditional health care systems. This book deals
with multidisciplinary approach and contains information on different aspects of medicinal
plants, which can be used as guiding tools.
In India, many government and nongovernment organizations have had the focused attention on
improving the medicinal plants sector Opportunities for funding have been created to assist the
person who is willing to work and to build capacity of the medicinal plants sector. According to
the mandate of the National Medicinal Plants Board, the projects may be submitted for funding
within two major schemes: a promotional scheme and a commercial scheme. The major thrust

areas within the promotional scheme are (1) survey and inventory of medicinal plants, (2) in situ
conservation and exsitu cultivation of selected medicinal plants, (3) production of quality
planting material, (4) diffusion of knowledge through education and communication, (5)
promotion of global and domestic market system, and (6) strengthening research, development,
and man power. Within the commercial scheme, the major thrust areas are (1) bulk production of
medicinal plants and ensuring supply of quality planting material, (2) expansion of selected
medicinal plants farming areas, (3) value addition in harvesting, processing, and marketing of
medicinal plants, and (4) developing an innovative marketing mechanism .

Organic Farming in Black Pepper (Piper nigrum L.)
Vandana Yadav, Nisha Jangre, Mukti Lata Tirkey
Department of Vegetable Science, IGKV, Raipur
Email: vandanayadav1025@gmail.com
Organic farming methods combine scientific knowledge of ecology and some
modern technology with traditional farming practices based on naturally occurring biological
processes. It is a natural alternative agriculture which lower production cost and at the same time
achieve product of high quality and yield with lower or without the usage of inorganic fertilizers
and pesticides.
Organic Farming approach must be able to convert a degraded soil ecosystem. Effective
Microorganism, generally in liquid form, contains a variety of lactic acid bacteria, yeasts, and
phototrophic bacteria that can be applied as inoculants to increase the microbial diversity of soil
ecosystem. Organic Farming to enhance the predominance of beneficial and effective
microorganisms can help to improve and maintain soil biological, chemical, and physical
properties. There is a wealth of microorganisms including bacteria, fungi, algae, and protozoa as
well as macrofauna such as earthworms, snails, slugs, insects, spiders, centipede, and millipede
living in it. Fungi such as mycorrhizae and bacteria (Rhizobia), Azotobacter, and earthworms are
known to contribute to the fertility of the soil. The proper and regular addition of organic
amendments is often an important part of any strategy to ensure the survival of newly introduced
microorganism.
Pepper is a nutrient demanding crop, especially during fruit setting. For optimal growth and
yield, it requires sufficient amounts of macronutrients and micronutrients. Therefore all crop
residues and farm wastes available on the farm including branches and leaves from pepper vines
can be recycled, so that soil fertility is restored and maintained. Intensive use of chemicals
fertilizer causes the ecosystem to be degraded and therefore not suitable for newly introduced

microbial communities to live in because these microbes may not be able to withstand the
intolerable pH, moisture, and temperature conditions of degraded soils. So there is strong belief
that organic Farming can ensure very productive pepper cultivation, clean environment, increase
profits of pepper growers, and at the same time make healthy and fresh organic produces.
Therefore, it is important to set up and properly sustain pepper cultivation practices under
organic farming to reduce investment on chemical based inputs and at the same time lower the
environmental hazard caused by pesticides, weedicides, fungicides, and inorganic fertilizers.

Salient role of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants
Ajay Saroha
Student, Department of Agriculture Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Sadopur, Ambala
Plants have been used by the mankind since prehistoric times for getting relief from sufferings
and ailments. The herbal products today imply well being in distinction to the synthetics that are
think as unsafe to human and environment. Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (MAPs) are also
botanical raw materials also known as herbal drugs. That are primarily used for therapeutic
aromaticand appetizing purposes as ingredientof cosmetics, medicinal products, health foods and
other natural health products. Herbs have been used prevalently as home remedies to treat
seasonal diseases like cough, cold, stomachache in several countries of Asia, Europe and Africa.
MAPs include wide range of plants for fragrance and medicinal uses during the modern times by
identifying the therapeutic ingredients in plants that play a crucial role. MAPs are high value
crops harbouring goldmines of the secondary metabolites. The natural products obtained from
these crop are low volume high value commodities and have been subsequently exploited by
human for their beneficial roles in traditional and modern medicine. MAPs posses those active
principles which are having antibacterial and anti- mutagenic activities. These plants can be
easily accessible therapeutic agents that can be diseases such as cancer and other infectious
diseases caused by drug resistant microorganisms. People can find many hidden benefits when
they put the seasoning into their meal. The spices are good for body to keep the digestion, blood
circulation and immune system. With the virtuous therapy, people can get optimal active
compound contained in those seasonings. This can be a good prevention from many diseases.
Medicinal and Aromatic Plants covers all aspects of medicinal crop cultivation, medicinal uses
of plants, their active ingredients and related industries. Considering the importance of immunity
boosting measures during the COVID-19, it is very important to consume herbal medicine like
Easier to obtain than prescription medicine, Stabilizes hormones and metabolism, Natural
healing, Strength in immune system, Fewer side effects.

General overview of medicinal plants
Amerjeet Singh1
, Bilkees Ayoub2
, Sajad Ahmad Gangoo3
1
Assistant ProfessorDivision of Forest products and utilization,Faculty of forestry ,SKUAST-
Kashmir,India
2
M.Sc.StudentDivision of Forest products and utilization,Faculty of forestry ,SKUAST-
Kashmir,India
3
Professor and Head Division of Forest products and utilization,Faculty of forestry ,SKUAST-
Kashmir,India
Medicinal and aromatic plants serve as nature's gift to humans to help them pursue better
healthand continues to provide front line pharmacotherapy for millions of people
worldwide. Plant kingdom comprised of approximately 2, 50 000 plant species and only around
10% have been studied for treatment of different diseases. Globally 60,000 species are used for
their medicinal, nutritional and aromatic properties. According to the WHO, more than 80% of
the world’s population relies on traditional medicine for their primary healthcare needs. In
addition thirty percent of the drugs sold worldwide contain compounds derived from
plant material. The demand for herbal medicines is rising drastically, fuelled by factors such as
health promotion, disease prevention, poor outcomes and limited treatment options for a
serious illness, exhaustion of conventional therapies, dissatisfaction with, or lack of
efficacy of conventional therapies, significant side effects or risks associated with conventional
medicine, belief that herbal and natural products are better or safer, preference for personal
involvement in the decision-making process, and cultural or spiritual preference. As a
result of the expanding interest in medicinal and aromatic plants, new income generating
opportunities are opening up for rural populations. In addition every year, more than 500,000
tons of material from MAP species is traded and the global market for traditional medicine was
estimated at US$ 83 billion annually (2008), with a rate of exponential increase. Continuously
growing demand for plant derived therapeutic molecules obtained in a sustainable and eco-
friendly manner favours development of innovative extraction techniques to obtain
phytoconstituents as plants are an exceptionally viable source of biologically active natural

products. Over 8000 phenolic compounds derived from medicinal plants are being used currently
in the phytotherapy. Additionally, the development and optimization of innovative techniques for
the isolation of high value phytoconstituents is focused on two approaches. The first is
biotechnological techniques, leading to the production of plants with increased levels of fine
chemicals, new compounds with potential biological activity, colorants or fragrances, etc. The
second is to develop greener extraction techniques to obtain bioactive compounds from
plant material. These innovative techniques are based on microwave power, pressurized liquid
extraction, subcritical water extraction, supercritical fluids extraction, and ultrasound assisted
extraction and are used to extract active compounds on an industrial scale, having at the same
time several “green” characteristics (shorter extraction time, no use of toxic chemicals, higher
extraction yields with low solvent and energy consumption).Currently, in vitro plant
technologies are considered as cost effective and eco-friendly innovations for the mass
production of plant derived molecules. Also plant cell, tissue, and organ culture (PCTOC)
system appears as an economically feasible way of producing some high value metabolites
(most notably paclitaxel (Taxol.), shikonin, galantamine, camptothecin, and artemisinin) from
MAPs. The increasing demand of MAPs by various processing industries (pharmaceutical,
food, cosmetic, perfume, etc.) have placing pressure on natural resources.
Currently 80% of medicinal plants are collected from the wild which leads to an incomparably
growing pressure on plant population due to the increasing commercial recollection, largely
unmonitored trade, habitat loss through residential and commercial development
(including urbanization, industrialization, and tourism development) and impact of
agriculture. Due to this overharvesting and habitat loss, approximately 15,000 species (or
21%) used in the global medicinal plant species are now endangered and also puts
biodiversity at high risk. It is estimated that the current loss of plant species is between 100 and
1000 times higher than the expected natural extinction rate and that the Earth is losing at least
one potential major drug every 2 years. To meet future supply needs, in situ, ex situ conservation
and in vitro complementary conservation strategies, are being implemented for MAPs. Natural
reserves and wild nurseries are typical examples to retain the medical efficacy of plants in
their natural habitats, while botanic gardens and seed banks are important paradigms for ex situ

conservation and future replanting. In addition MAPs production via cultivation can
minimize the high pressure on populations, decrease the harvest volume of MAPs.
Cultivation provides the opportunity to use new techniques to solve problems encountered
in the production of medicinal plants, such as toxic components, pesticide contamination,
low contents of active ingredients, and the misidentification of botanical origin. Also
cultivation improves the yields of active compounds. This approach will restrain environmental
damage and destruction of genetic sources. Thus Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Genetic
Resources should be studied and preserved for the benefit of present and future generations, as
they are crucial to support human well being. The blessings of medicinal and aromatic plants are
treasures that belong to all lives.

Effectiveness of vegetative propagation methods for Giloy
(Tinospora cordifolia) planting
A. A. Suvagiya, A. K. Patel, A. A. Mehta*, R. P. Gunaga, L.K. Behera
Department of Forest Products and Utilization, College of Forestry,
ACHF, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari -396450
* Email: aamehta@nau.in
Gaduchi (Tinospora cordifolia: Family- Menispermaceae), popularly also known as
Giloy, Amrita and Galo, is an herbaceous climber or vine indigenous to tropical areas of
Indian subcontinent. It is widely used plant in folk and Ayurvedic system of medicine. It
is well known for its medicinal uses. There are many vegetative and seed propagation
methods employed for Giloy propagation. There are problems associated with large scale
production of plants like poor seed set, less seed viability and germination. Many
researchers reported that this plant can be successfully propagated through vegetative
propagation including tissue culture. Standardization of vegetative propagation, other
than its advantages over seed propagation, it also helps in multiplication of
genotypes/clones in large scale. Study conducted at College of Forestry, Navsari
Agricultural University, Navsari, Gujarat showed that, instead of using growth hormone
(IBA) for rooting, simple cutting without any treatment has resulted in 70 per cent
sprouting with 90 per cent survival by attaining vein length of 31.5 cm and 8 mm stem
thickness after three month of imposing treatments in potting mixture composed of soil,
sand and vermicompost (1:1:1) than cutting treated with different concentration of IBA
(500 to 1500 ppm). Therefore, Giloy plant can be easily propagated in large scale by vein
cuttings without any requirement of growth hormones.

Macronutrients Nutrition of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants
Amit Kumar Pandey, Ashutosh Singh, Prem Chand Kumar, Santosh Kumar
Mandan Bharti Agriculture College, Agwanpur, Saharsa
Soil characteristics and nutrients supply are of great importance for growth and development of
medicinal and aromatics plants. A part from industrial processes that nitrogen gas to solid form,
the primary means of nitrogen fixation are through the high temperature and energy and
biological nitrogen fixation by bacteria. Nitrogen is a component of amino acid and nucleic acid
and a structural component of chlorophyll. Higher plant in musturd, coriander and catharanthus
was observed with the application of nitrogen. Similarly number of branched per plant also
increased in coriander, ginger and mustard with the application of different levels of nitrogen.
The oil content of canola is improved with the application of nitrogen. ADP and ATP are high
energy phosphate compound that control most processes in medicinal plants including
photosynthesis, respiration, protein and nucleic acid synthesis. Leaf length in Aloe Vera and
plant height of phaseolus trilobus were increased due to increased phosphorus fertilization.
Positive effect of phosphorus fertilization were observed in the plant height development in
mustard and growth of Ipomoea pestigrides. The effect of different levels of phosphorus were
significant on branches per plant, plant spread, plant height and numbers of leaves per plant in
Balioshpermum montanum Application of phosphorus recorded highest seed yield of fenugreek.
Significant higher gel content in Aloe Vera and oil content in Basil were observed with the
application of different levels of phosphorus. Significant increase in plant height, tiller
production, number of primary and secondary rhizomes and ultimately yield of turmeric were
reported due to potassium application. Coriander, cumin, fennel and fenugreek responses
potassium fertilization. Thus it was concluded that N, P and K nutrients applied in some definite
combination caused increase in yield of medicinal and aromatic plants.

Studies on Genetic diversity and variability for yield and yield
attributes in garlic (Allium sativum L.) under Dhampur condition
Deepak Kumar1*
, Dr. S.L. Pal2
, Dr. Ravi3
, Dr Soraj Singh4
Department of Horticulture2
, Department of Soil Chemistry3
, Department of Botany4
R.S.M. PG College, Dhampur, Bijnor, Uttar Pradesh
Email: deepak1231996@gmail.com
The experiment was conducted at horticulture research farm Dhampur Bijnor during winter
season 2019-2020. In the present investigation 21 genotypes of garlic (Allium sativum L.) were
evaluated in RBD during with the objective of estimating the genetic variability and
determination of association among different attributes with each other and with bulb yield.
Analysis of variance for design of experiment revealed that there is the weight of fresh bulbs had
highly significant and positive correlation with plant Equatorial diameter, weight of dry bulbs ,
leaf length, sulphur contain indicated that selection for these traits would be effective for the
improvement of yield q/ha. The maximum positive direct effect on yield q/ha was exerted by
number of cloves per bulb, leaf width, polar diameter, plant height, height of pseudo stem, total
soluble solid, protein, plant pseudo stem diameter, width of leaf and number of leaves per plant.
It is suggested that selection for these traits will directly increase yield q/ha.

Nitrogen fertilization in medicinal plant cultivation
1
Manoj Kumar, 2
Amit Kumar Pandey , 3
Uma Kant Singh and 4
Pramod Prabhakar
1
Assistant Prof.-cum-Jr. Scientist (Horticulture), 4
Assistant Prof.-cum-Jr. Scientist (Animal
Husbandry) , Mandan Bharti Agriculture College, Agwanpur, Saharsa
2
Assistant Prof.-cum-Jr. Scientist (Soil Science & Agricultural Chemistry ), 3
Junior Scientist-
cum-Assistant Professor (Horticulture), R.R.S., Agwanpur, Saharsa
Email: monaj.mbac@gmail.com
Nitrogen is essential to preserve the environment, while promoting sustainable and productive
agriculture. Therefore knowledge on nitrogen availability and conservation, nitrogen uptake,
assimilation and translocation by plants are critically important to the development of efficient
nitrogen fertilization strategies for the cultivation of medicinal and aromatic plants. Nitrogen is
one of the most important nutrients needed by medicinal and aromatic plants. It is an important
element for the formation of amino acid, cell division, photosynthesis, vitamins and it aids the
production of carbohydrates. Physiologically nitrogen is mostly available to plants in the form of
ammonium and nitrate. It is available to plants from varied sources such as inorganic fertilizer,
organic manure and bio fertilizer have be frequently linked to cases of environment
contamination soil acidification and salinity, where as organic fertilizer improves soil structures.
Total phenolic concentration significantly increased in N-stared medicinal plants and
biosynthesis of secondary plant Metabolites is favoured in nitrogen deficit plants Periwinkle, a
medicinal plants that is rich in terperoid alkaloids, when exposed to mixture of nitrate and
ammonium, produced the highest contest of amino acid, protein, total alkalies, vincristine
compared to each of the different N forms. Nitrogen concentration threshold that ensure a high
phenolic concentration and antioxidants capacity without detrimental effects on plant
performanic and proposed threshold of 15gN/Kg dry weight as an optimum concentration for
ensuring high antioxidant activity and quality of various medicine and aromatic plants

Impact of organic manures as quality determinants in Medicinal
and Aromatic Plants
Ragini Kumari1
*, Ashutosh Kumar Singh1
, Amit Kumar Pandey1
, Niru Kumari2
and Sunita Paswan3
1
Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour
(India)
2
Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour
(India)
3
KVK, Agwanpur (Saharsa), Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour (India)
Email*: drrkbaus@yahoo.in
With increasing interests of consumers, plants are used extensively in both pharmaceutical and
food industries. So, it is great significance to without the use of harmful chemical. However, the
quality and quantity of these chemical metabolites in plants are influence by a multitude of
factors in which soil nutrient is one of them. The effects of soil nutrient availability on plant
growth, physiology, tissue chemistry or stress tolerance are often investigated by experimentally
manipulating nutrient supply. At present the imbalanced application of the chemical fertilizer
caused decreases in quality of the products not only inferior but threat to human health and other
creatures also. But the organic manures along with improvement in the yield and also controls
weeds and provide the organic matter and nutrients to the soil, ultimately improve the soil health.
The use of organic fertilizers and microbial symbiosis with species of medicinal and aromatic
plants under organic agriculture helps in improvement of yield and quality. Thus, developing
more sustainable farming practices of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants on a large scale is of
utmost importance. Organic farming helps to enhance farm productivity and profitability, soil
health as well as quality of the product etc. The physical and chemical properties (quality) of the
compound extracted from the organically grown medicinal and aromatic crop plants are superior
as compared to traditional system.

Growing Of Tulsi/Basil Medicinal Plant by Different Methods of
Cultivation Practices
Saurabh Toppo
Department of Vegetable Science
Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, Chhattisgarh
Tulsi plant can be grown both at the garden and at a large scale industrial level. They can be
grown both indoors and outdoors annually in warm climates. Firstly, seeds of basil are sown in
peat based potting mixture into the seed flat or another narrow container. After 2 or 3 sets of true
leaves they are transferred into 6 inch deep dishes/containers with holes in the bottom. Secondly,
the seeds have to be sown at a depth of ¼ inch below the soil which will start to grow in about 7
to 15 days. Cover the top layer of the pot by making use of plastic wrap as doing so will help in
sealing the moisture inside. Thirdly, it can be propagated by terminal cuttings with 8-10 nodes
and 10-15 cm length are used except for the first 2-3 pairs of leaves the rest are trimmed off.
Later, they are planted in the well prepared nursery beds or polythene bags. In about 4-6 weeks
time the rooting is complete and they are ready for transplanting into the mainfield at a spacing
of 40 cm between the row and 40 cm within the row. Fourthly, and lastly hydroponics setup
consist of a rectangular tank with 2 holes to which the water and the nutrient solution is filled.
They are filled with some supporting medium. The plants are suspended from baskets at the top.

Status of medicinal plants cultivation in Salem District of Tamil
Nadu
G. Malathi, M. Vijayakumar, R. Vijayan and P. Kohila
Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Sandhiyur, Salem, Tamil Nadu, PIN – 636 203
Email: malathihort@gmail.com
Medicinal plants plays an important role in Indian Economy. Plant is an important source of
medicine and plays a key role in our health. Medicinal and some aromatic plants are an
important potential source of therapeutics or curative phytochemicals. The use of medicinal
plants plays a commanding role in health system not only in India but also around the world.
This involves the use of medicinal plants not only for the treatment of diseases but also as
potential material for maintaining good health conditions and to improve our immune system.
More than 60% of the world’s population depends on herbal medicine for primary health care.
Because of medicinal plants better cultural acceptability, better compatibility and adaptability
with the human body and mainly not posing side effects or pose lesser side effects.
Salem district was established during 1790 and it gave birth to Dharmapuri, Krishnagiri, and
Namakkal districts subsequently. The district is located at North Latitude 110
14 and 120
13 and
east longitude between 770
44 and 780
50; The geographical area is 5245 sq,km. Salem district is
geologist paradise, surrounded by hills and the landscape dotted with hillocks. It is known for
mangoes, silver ornament, textiles, sago industries, and steel production. Salem has got 20
blocks; Average temperature is 320
C, maximum and 19.6 degree minimum with humitidy
ranging from 39 to 85%. During SW monsoon, a rainfall of 545 mm and during NE monsoon
564.2 mm was recorded. Soil type varies from red calcarious, brown calcarious, alluvial
calcarious, to black soils. Net sown area is 22,33,70 ha; Horticultural crops are grown in an area
of 39765 ha. Medicinal plants are grown in an area of around 557.10 ha in Salem district.
Coleus forskholi and Gloriosa superba are the two important medicinal plants growing in the
different blocks of Salem district. The state flower of Tamil Nadu, Gloriosa or Glory Lily or
Karthigai kizhangu or Kalappai Kizhangu has been grown in an area of 44 ha in Edappadi block

of Salem district. The major area of around 470 ha is under the cultivation of medicinal coleus
crop in Salem district which is mainly located in the blocks such as Thalaivasal, Attur,
Gangavalli, PN Palayam and Valapady. One of the other medicinal crop grown in Salem is
Thulasi (Ocimum sanctum) which is grown in an area of 18.5 and Aloe vera (Katrazhai) is grown
in an area of 1.8 ha and Eucalyptus citriodora is grown in 21.9 ha area in Salem district.

Participatory Approach for Adoption of Improved Technology of
Turmeric Through Front Line Demonstration
Sunita Kumari1
, Geeta kumari2
, Ragini Kumari3
& Sushama Saroj Surin4
1
SMS(Agronomy), KVK,Vaishali, DrRPCAU, Pusa
2
Assistant Professor, Deptt. Of Microbiology, FBS&H, DrRPCAU, Pusa
3
Assistant Professor, Deptt. Of Soil Science, BAU, Sabour,
4
SMS(Agronomy), KVK, Lohardagga, BAU, Ranchi
Email: sunita2009kvk@gmail.com
Front line demonstrations (FLDs) on turmeric were carried out during kharif seasons of 2014-15
to 2015-16 by Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Vaishali under DrRPCAU, Pusa, Bihar. All 120
demonstrations on turmeric crop were carried out in an area of 48 ha by the active participation
of farmers with the objective to demonstrate the improved technologies of turmeric production
potential directly under close supervision of scientists on selected farmers field. Each FLD was
laid out on 0.4 ha area, adjacent 0.4 ha was considered as control for comparison (farmer’s
practice). The improved technologies consisting use of improved variety, balanced fertilizer
application & IPM. FLD recorded better yield as compared to farmer’s practice. The findings
revealed that due to FLD, an average yield of turmeric was recorded 212 q/ha under
demonstrated plots as compared farmer’s practice 155 q/ha. The improved technology gave
higher gross return, net return with higher benefit-cost ratio than farmer’s practice. The result
indicates that the FLDs have given a good impact over the farming community of Vaishali
district as they adopted the new agricultural technologies in the FLD plots. The higher benefit-
cost ratio under FLD over existing practices of turmeric cultivation created greater awareness
and motivated the other farmers to adopt suitable production technology of turmeric in the
district.

Theme 2
Innovative extraction methods of MAPs and
their uses

Bioinformatics: A tool for a new era of plant based drug discovery
Ankita Sharma, Rehan
Ph.D. Research Scholars, Department of Horticulture, COA, JNKVV, Jabalpur (M.P.)
E-mail: ankitasharma199511.as@gmail.com
Medicinal plants are considered to be an inexhaustible source of naturally occurring
biochemicals used to make life-saving drugs since the birth of human civilization. The demand
for the production and extraction of the therapeutic molecules is continuously increasing for the
sustainable production of phyto-pharmaceuticals to cure a range of diseases. Pertaining to the
ethno-medicinal data, there is a huge potential in the plant-based remedies as it has
phytochemicals such as polyphenols, alkaloids, polyines, flavonoids, saponins, etc displaying a
curative function against a diverse range of virus. Bioinformatics, a computational
methodology, plays a crucial role in drug designing through medicinal plant-based research. It
offers a suite of essential tools to identify, analyze and interpret the genes and pathways of
bioactive secondary metabolites using molecular biology-based techniques. The medicinal
herbs such as Camptotheca acuminata, Prunella vulgaris, Glyrrhiza glabra, Rauwolfia
serpentine, Withenia somnifera and many more are a reservoir of active ingredients and the
characterization of chemical constituents can be done using chemical fingerprinting and
bioactive metabolite determination. This rapid and cost-effective technique promotes the
analysis of high-throughput data. Combined metabolite profiling and network analysis of a
plant cell, tissue and organ culture system (PCTOC) can be intensified in bioreactors for
production and accumulation of high-value plant secondary metabolites. The framework
generates a metabolic network to identify specialized compounds, genes and control their
biosynthesis

Traditional versus innovative extraction methods of MAPs
Parul Mehra*, Shikha Jain1
*
Department of Horticulture (Vegetable Science), College of Agriculture, Jabalpur, Jawaharlal
Nehru Krishi Vishwavidayala , Jabalpur 482004
1
Department of Horticulture (Fruit Science) College of Agriculture, Govind Ballabh Pant
University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar , Uttrakhand - 263145
Email id- parulmehra1995@gmail.com
As the growing population increasing the demand of plant derived therapeutic molecules
extracted from the different medicinal and aromatic plants through various standardized
extraction techniques. The standardized extraction is for obtaining the crude drugs from
medicinal & aromatic plants parts. Traditionally, hot continuous Extraction (Soxhlet), Steam
distillation, Enfleurage (cold fat extraction) and cold press is used for extraction but these
methods yield low and also poor in selectivity. Thus by keeping in account all the drawbacks of
traditional methods new extraction techniques have been introduced like Microwave Accelerated
Extraction, Supercritical Fluid Extraction, Accelerated Solvent Extraction , Subcritical Water
Extraction and Ultrasound Assisted Extraction for extraction of medicinal plants. And latest and
innovative extraction methods for Aromatic plants are headspace trapping, solid phase micro-
extraction, protoplast extraction, micro-distillation, thermo micro-distillation, and molecular
distillation. It is concluded that the method to be opted for extraction should be based on both
chemical and economical parameters.

Innovative extraction methods of MAPs and their uses
Pratibha Kumari
Dept. of Botany, L. N. Mithila University, Darbhanga
Email: pratibhasingh22040@gmail.com
Extraction process forms the first basic step in medicinal plants. Medicinal plants are the richest
bio source of drugs for traditional system of medicine as well as modern medicines. Aromatic
plants are a source of fragrances, flavours, cosmeceuticals, health beverages and chemical
terpenes.
The industrial processing of MAPs starts with the innovative extraction of the active components
using various technologies. Novel extraction method including Microwave Assisted Extraction
(MAE), Supercritical Fluid Extraction (ScFE), Accelerated Solvent Extraction (ASE),
Supercritical Water Extraction(SWE),and ultra sound assisted Extraction (USAE).
For aromatic plants hydro distillation techniques, hydrolytic maceration followed by distillation,
expression and enfleurage. The latest extraction methods for aromatic plants include headspace,
traping, solid phase micro-extraction protoplast extraction, micro distillation, thermo micro
distillation and molecular distillation.
The basic parameters influencing the quality of an extract are plants parts used as starting
material, the solvent used for extraction, the manufacturing process used with the type of
equipment employed, and the crude-drug extract ratio. Such types of extraction helps to produce
a good quality extract. Extracts from medicinal plants have been used as source of remedies.

Improved tapping methods for extraction of oleo-gum resin in Salai
guggul (Boswellia serrata Roxb.): A medicinal tree for pharmaceutical
industries
S.K. Sinha*
, J.G. Pathak, A.A. Mehta, L.K. Behera
College of Forestry, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari-396 450
Email*: sksinha@nau.in
Salai guggul (Boswellia serrata Roxb.) has been traditionally tapped for extraction of oleo-gum
resin for the treatment of inflammatory diseases in the Ayurvedic system of medicine. The oleo-
gum resin of Salai guggul is light yellow to brown in colour that consists of essential oil, gum
and rosin. A proper amount of boswellic acid content in oleo-gum resin is important for
medicinal purpose. Wide cuts secrete more polysaccharides (opaque colour gums) that has
neither medicinal nor aromatic role and exhaust tree resources, while narrow deep cut secretes
mostly transparent resinous portion having aromatic role and medicinal value. Keeping in view
of these points, an investigation was carried out in 14-year-old Boswellia serrata plantation
raised by a pharmaceutical company of Gujarat using ten different tapping methods with the
objective to select the suitable tapping methods for high yield of oleo-gum resin for medicinal
purpose on sustainable basis. Three trees were selected in each tapping method for extraction of
oleo-gum resin by making incisions in the bark such as circular cut, square cut, rill cut, triangular
cut with bark lid, spiral cut, irregular cut, V-cut, bore hole (1.5 cm) method, V-cut along with a
hole (1.5 cm) on the lower side treated with 3ml ethephon of 39% solution and bore hole (1.5
cm) method treated with 3 ml ethephon of 39% solution and patched up with clay. Out of these
tapping methods, only two methods, the first, V-cut method along with a hole on the lower side
& treated with ethephon and the second, hole method treated with ethephon & patched up with
clay produced high amount of oleo-gum resin and therefore, these two methods were suggested
for sustainable tapping of oleo-gum-resin from the whole plantation. It was observed during
tapping that the slant cut produced more oleo-gum resin than the straight cut. After chemical
analysis the pharmaceutical company reported less amount of boswellic acid content in the oleo-

gum resin and postponed the further tapping. Hence, a future study is required to understand the
effect of age and girth on the variation of boswellic acid content in the oleo-gum resin of Salai
guggul trees.

Innovative Extraction Method of MAPs and Their Uses
Swati kumari1
, Ritu kumari2
1Department of Agronomy ,Bihar Agricultural university, Sabour
2
Department of Agriculture, Govt. of Bihar
Bhagalpur- 813210, Bihar, India
Email: 1
swatikumari0198@gmail.com
Extraction method is the first basic step in MAPs research because the preparation of raw
extracts from plants is the initial point for the isolation and purification of chemical constituents
present in plants. Yet the extraction step remains often a neglected topic ,as time has passed it
receive much less attention and research. Conventional methods of extraction and processing of
herbs and medicinal plants such as solid liquid extraction (Soxhlet), steam distillation or cold
press are still in used . These methods of extraction lack selectivity, give lower yields and
because it uses large quantity of organic solvents it present safety concern and environmental
risk. Many new extraction techniques for improving efficiency and selectivity are now replacing
the old methods of extraction. However, recently exports of MAPs products from India to other
countries are becoming more and more restricted due to the presence of unacceptable levels of
contaminants and sometimes the occurrences of heavy metals and pesticides that attributed to the
drawbacks of traditional extraction methods. Keeping in pace with such requirements, recently
observed the use and growth of new extraction techniques with curtailed extraction time, reduced
solvent consumption, increased pollution prevention concern and with special care for
thermolabile constituents. New extraction methods are Microwave Assisted Extraction (MAE -
Microwave systems for extraction and laboratory use are available in two forms i.e., Closed
extraction vessels & Focused microwave ovens ), Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SCFE -The
main attraction of SCFE is the use of carbon dioxide (CO2) as the solvent ), Accelerated Solvent
Extraction (ASE -It uses organic solvents at elevated pressure and temperature in order to
increase the efficiency of the extraction process) , Subcritical Water Extraction (SWE - i.e.,
extraction using hot water under pressure, has recently emerged as a useful tool to replace the
traditional extraction methods)Ultrasound Assisted Extraction (USE -Ultrasonic-assisted
extraction is one of the important techniques for extracting the valuable compounds from the
vegetal materials ) have drawn significant research attention in the last decade . I also suggested
establishing these innovative technologies for extraction in India.

Theme 3
Conservation and sustainable utilization of
MAPs

Collection of High Quality Mahua Flower in Shahdol District (MP)
for Seasonal Livelihood Security
B.P Pandre, Dr. M Singh , Dr A. Sharma , PN Tripathi, D. Chouhan
Krishi Vigyan Kendra Shahdol JNKVV Jabalpur MP
Shahdol district of Madhya Pradesh has a large Forest coverage (41%) of total geographical
area. The Present study was conducted in five villages namely Kalyanpur, Sinduri, Narwar,
Dadratola, and Majhgaon. The selections of village were done on the situation of nearby forest
coverage and developing of livelihood of the villagers on NTFP produces specially Mahua. The
selected villages were surveyed through random sampling household questionnaire. A total of
200 farm familes were surveyed. On the basis of dated was found that an average of the one way
distance travvelled by villagers for Mahua collection was least for Narwar village i.e (0.4 km)
followed by Dadratola (0.7 km ) , Sinduri ( 1.1km), and Kalyanpur (1.5km ) . The average time
spent to collect of Mahua quality (4-5 kg) flowers varies from 4-6 hrs. Respectively with highest
recorded in Kalyapur and Lowest in Narwar. The villagers were advised to lay old seress near tro
the plants for collection of quality hygienic Mahua flowers .Also it was noted that an average
farm family collected 6-8 Quintal. A Mahua flower in a season .The sale prize of mahua varies
from Rs 15-20 per kg. as per their quality aspect . The study recorded that on an average farm
family earned Rs. 10,000- Rs 25,000 by the sale of mahua flowers.

Integrated nutrient management on oil production and
economics of basil (Ocimum sanctum) cultivation
Nilay Kumar*, Sunandani chandel**, Tara Singh Mehra***
*Assistant professor (Senior Scale), Department of Forest Products Utilization, College of Horticulture
and Forestry, Central Agricultural University, Pasighat-791 102, Arunachal Pradesh (India)
** Research Scholar, Department of Forest Products and Utilization, ASPEE College of Horticulture and
Forestry, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari-396 450, Gujarat (India)
***Associate Professor & Head, Department of Forest Products Utilization, College of Horticulture and
Forestry, Central Agricultural University, Pasighat-791 102, Arunachal Pradesh (India)
Ocimum sanctum is regarded as important medicinal plant which has extensive medical use due
to the high yield of their essential oil and valuable secondary metabolites. The present study was
conducted on the research field of department of Forest Products at Dr Y.S. Paramar University
of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan, H.P, India to investigate the adequate performance of
integrated nutrient management on oil production and economics of basil (O. sanctum)
cultivation. In this experiment ten treatments viz., T1: Control, T2: FYM (15t/ha), T3: NPK
(120:60:60 kg/ha), T4: FYM+NPK (15 t/ha + 120:60:60 kg/ha), T5: Jeevamrutha-desi cow (125
l/ha, 3%), T6: Jeevamrutha-jersey cow (125 l/ha, 3%), T7: Panchagavya-desi cow (50 l/ha, 5%),
T8: Panchagavya-jersey cow (50 l/ha, 5%), T9: Vermicompost (3t/ha) and T10: Vermicompost +
NPK (3 t/ha + 120:60:60 kg/ha) were evaluated in RBD factorial design with three replications
in 2017 and 2018 crop year on growth and yield of the plant. Results from the experiment
revealed that among the 10 treatments compared, the combination of Vermicompost @ 3 t/ha +
fertiliser NPK @ 120:60:60 kg/ha performed the best and show a significant effect on the
growth, essential oil content and essential oil yield of O. sanctum followed by T4>T3>T2>T7
treatments. This study indicates that combined application of manure and fertilizer helps to
increase oil production and also maintain the soil fertility. The Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR) among
the 10 treatments shows that the NPK (T3) (120:60:60 kg/ha) was found best (1.69) due to lowest
cost and higher yield followed by T7>T8>T5>T4.

Global initiatives for medicinal crops conservation
G. Roja Ramani*, Pavan Gowda .m and D. Gowthami
Department of Plantation, Spices, Medicinal and Aromatic Crops
Faculty of Horticulture, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Vishwavidyalaya
Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, India-741252
*E-mail; rojaramanigorle60@gmail.com
Medicinal and aromatic plants play a very important role in the life support systems and
wellbeing of mankind. India is one of the hot spots of world’s biodiversity having wealth of
Medicinal Plants. Forests are the main habitat of Medicinal Plants and a large number of species
are also endemic that gives India a unique position in the world. Medicinal Plants form the major
resource base of our traditional systems of medicine or AYUSH systems of medicines, folklore
medicines. Even allopathic medicines also used plant based raw material for the preparation of
medicine. However, due to various anthropogenic activities and unsustainable harvesting from
wild, many Medicinal Plants species in India have become endangered and have been included
in Red Data Book of threatened species. Thus, there is an urgent need to have measures taken to
protect/conserve the natural habitats of these Medicinal Plants wealth of the Country. Some
important Medicinal Plants species of conservation concern in India are Aconitum
heterophyllum, Aconitum atrox,Bergeniaciliata,Commiphorawightii,Dactylorhizahatagirea,
Nardostachysgrandiflora, Paris polyphylla,
Picrorhizakurrooa,Podophyllumhexandrum,Rauvolfiaserpentina, Rheum australe ,
Saracaasoacaetc.The National Medicinal Plants Board (NMPB), Government of India, in this
regard, has taken initiatives to support in-situ conservation of Medicinal Plants through
establishment of Medicinal Plants conservation and Development Areas (MPCDAs) throughout
the country in collaboration with Research Institutions and State Forest Departments. Activities
like artificial re-generation of local populations is particularly important in case of species where
wild populations have dwindled on account of habitat degradation, and unsustainable harvest.
The ex situ conservation methods may include growing the whole plants in field gene banks or
by seed storage to conserve diversity.Thus, identification, conservation and setting up of to set
up more MPCDAs is paramount as India one the mega biodiversities of the world and at the

same time efforts also need to be made to conserve the endemic germplasm for further research
studies for production of improved varieties of medicinal plants in the country which would
make India one of the global leader in traditional system of health.

Comparing medicinal properties of plant extracted drugs
Jyoti Shekhawat
Assistant Professor in Botany, Department of Agriculture, Maharishi Markandeshwar University,
Sadopur, Ambala
Since ages plants have always been a part of our home made remedies for curing ailments. As
arriving times we have successfully found treatments of various diseases by using plant derived
bioactive compounds. New bioactive compounds extracted from plants are now produced at
commercial scale and have successfully acquired an important place in our daily lives. From
herbal cosmetics to herbal daily used products, plants are always been a reliable source for our
health and beauty. At times plans are directly been used as concentrated extract or sometimes
purified by using various techniques. This paper represents discussion about the medicinal
properties of specific plants, comparison of their efficacy of bioactive compounds, nourishing
and healing effects of the above and their adverse effects on human health.

Antioxidant and antimicrobial effects of lemongrass
(Cymbopogon citrates) oil
Nisha Jangre, Vandana Yadav
Department of Vegetable Science, IGKV, Raipur
Email: nisha11horticulture@gmail.com
Cymbopogon citratus, Stapf (Lemon grass) is a widely used lofty perennial grass belongs to
family Cymbopogon, a genus of about 55 species of grasses, native to temperate and tropical
countries, especially in Southeast Asia. Lemon grass is, also called fever grass, a perennial plant
with thin, long leaves. The culm is stout, erect up to 1.8 m height. Leaves are long glaucoces,
green, linear tapering upwards and long the margin. Lemon grass contains citral, rich oil has
germicidal, medicinal and flavouring properties which is present in leaves and twigs. Lemon
grass is commonly used on teas, soups and carries it is also suitable for poultry, fish and sea
food, it is often used as a tea. The oil has strong lemon-like odour, due to high percentage (over
75%) of citral in the oil. The characteristic smell of oil makes its use in scenting of soaps,
detergents, insect repellent preparations. The lemon grass oil also injects natural fluidity into the
brittle palm leaves and the hydrophobic nature of the oil keeps the manuscript dry so that the text
is not lost to decay due to humidity. However, the major use of oil is as a source of citral, which
goes in perfumery, cosmetics, beverages and is a starting material for manufacture of ionones,
which produces vitamin – A. The essential oil of lemon grass has many important chemical
constituents, which are helpful for medicinal other useful significance applications. It has cis and
trans citral, myrcene, geranial, etc. The essential oil of the plant is used in aromatherapy.
Essential oil having lemon like aroma was extracted by steam distillation, which can be used as
scent and flavouring agents in medicine. It can help in fever reduction, helpful to improve
digestion, reduce diarrhea, and stomachaches. Cymbopogon citratus also possesses various
pharmacological activities such as anti-amoebic, antibacterial, antidiarrheal, antifilarial,
antifungal and anti-inflammatory anti–asthamatic, urinary tract infections properties. The leaves
are used in the treatment of cough, fever, depression, nervous disorder and skin irritations.

Medicinal Herbs: Globally Valued Potential Source of Therapeutics
Aids
Rehan , Ankita Sharma
Ph.D. Research Scholar, Horticulture (Vegetable Science), COA, JNKVV, Jabalpur (M.P.)
E-mail: rehanazmi477@gmail.com
Medicinal plants are high value crops possessing a repository of secondary metabolites with an
immense structural diversity, an unmatched chemical diversity and a robust pharmacological
activity. These are globally valuable sources of formulations and development of clinically
effective drugs. The natural products obtained from these plants are low volume high value
produce and is an integral part of our health care system. The therapeutic potential of the plant
based products have been exploited by humans due to their beneficial roles since time
immemorial. The conservation and sustainability of these plants is essential due to the increasing
demand of these herbal drugs and natural health products. As per the reports of World Health
Organisation, a large population of developing countries rely on traditional and folklore
medicines for primary health care needs. Though there has been a remarkable development in the
field of chemistry but these medicinal herbs still remain underexploited due to limited abundance
and slow growth. A sustainable use of the different parts such as leaves, roots, seeds, flowers and
buds; should be done by formulating good harvesting and extraction procedures to reduce
destructive whole plant harvesting. The market share of plant based products remains
comparatively low due to lack of research, huge investments and challenging extraction methods
of active principles for drug formulations. Lack of information on market potential and socio-
economic benefits of the plants have deprived the industrial utilization. Exploitation of available
resources needs to be made to generate employment and conserve the rich heritage.

Medicinal Properties of Punarnava (Boerhaavia diffusa)
Romila Xess1
, Deepti Patel2
and Arunima Tripathy3
PhD. Scholar1
, Scientist2
and Assistant Professor3
Department Of Fruit Science,Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidalaya, Raipur, Chhattisgarh
Email: romilaxess8@gmail.com
Boerhaavia diffusa is an important medicinal plant commonly known in India as Punarnava
(rejuvenator) in Ayurveda because of having secondary metabolites in it which is recognised as
potent anti-oxidant activity used in cell repairing. Various parts of this plant i.e. root, leaves,
aerial parts or the whole plant have been employed for the treatment of numerous disorders in
Ayurveda and other system of medicine with its mystic effects. Medicinally, punarnava Root is
useful as diuretic, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective etc. It is used as a single remedy and also
as a chief content in many medicinal preparations.The pharmacological studies have
demonstrated that the roots of B. diffusa exhibit a wide range of properties such as
antiinflammatory, diuretic, laxative, antiurethritis, anticonvulsant, antinematodal,
antifibrinolytic, antibacterial, antihepatotoxic, anthelmintic, antileprotic, antiasthmatic,
antiscabby and antistress activities. The leaf extracts from this plant has been shown to have
hepatoprotective, antioxidant, antinociceptive, antibacterial and antidiabetic properties.
Boerhaavia diffusa has the ability to support both adrenal over and under activation. In stressful
conditions it has demonstrated the ability to buffer the elevations of serum cortisol and prevent
the suppression of the immune system that takes place with elevated cortisol.

Relevance of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants in Covid Era
Rupesh
Student, Department of Agricultre Maharishi Markandeshwar University Sadopur, Ambala
Plants have been linked to the health of mankind from time immemorial. Substantially aromatic
plants are those plants which contain essential oil in them essential oils are mainly composite
mixture of acyclic and mono terpenoids and medicinal plants are those plants which comprise
secondary metabolites and are potential source for drugs. They have been used for therapeutic,
religious, cosmetic and nutritional purposes. They are frequently used as natural medicines viz.
phytomedicines, herbal medicines, natural medicines, homeopathic medicines, ayurvedic
medicines and medical chemistry because of their ameliorative and indelible pharmacological
characteristics. Aromatic plants are mainly utilized for essential oil, extraction for application in
industry, for example in cosmetics, flavouring, fragrance, spices, pesticides, repellents and herbal
beverages. Medicinal plants have been studied to treat abundant traditional diseases.
Plants may have bioactive constituents like alkaloids, glycosides, steroids, phenols, tannin,
antioxidants and other categories of composites which may have striking pharmaceutical actions
as anti-cancerous, anti-malarial, anti-helminthic etc. Plentiful of the essential oils, dyes, latex
and even vegetable oils are also extensively used as medicines .The purpose of my review paper
is to make use of aromatic and medicinal plants in relevance with present pandemic COVID-19
comparing the therapeutic properties and its benefit for current situation.

Advancement in Fruit Production through Growth Regulators
Sangeeta1
, H. K. Panigrahi1
, Yugalkishor Lodhi2
1
Department of Fruit Science, 2
Department of Vegetable Science College of Agriculture,
Indira Gandhi Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Krishak Nagar, Raipur-492012 (C.G.)
Email: chandrakarsangeeta500@gmail.com
Plant growth regulators are organic substances produced naturally in higher plants, controlling
growth or other physiological functions at a site remote from its place of production and
active in minute amounts. Plant growth regulators or phytohormones include auxins,
gibberellins, cytokinin, ethylene, growth retardants and growth inhibitors. Plant growth
regulators (PGRs) are chemicals used to modify plant growth such as increase in branching,
suppressing shoot growth, increasing return bloom, removing excess fruit, or altering fruit
maturity. Numerous factors affect PGR performance including how well the chemical is
absorbed by the plant, tree vigor and age, dose, timing, cultivar and weather conditions
before, during and after application. Plant growth regulators can be grouped into five classes:
compounds related to auxins, gibberellins and inhibitors of gibberellin biosynthesis,
cytokinins, abscisic acid and compounds affecting the ethylene status. Use of PGRs is a
unique fact of biotechnology and a new approach of manipulating plant biological activities
for enhancing growth, yield, quality, nutritive value and also to reduce biotic and abiotic
stress in plants. Ethylene serves as a key ripening hormone of climacteric fruits and can
influence ripening in many non-climacteric fruits. In order to increase the yield of
monoecious crops, the increase female flowers are prerequisite for the same, Ethrel (250-1000
ppm) and CPPU (20-80 ppm) sprays work to induce female and intersexual flowers in male
plants of papaya (Kumar, 1998). Foliar sprays of PGRs (GA3 at 20-40 ppm or NAA at 25-50
ppm) enhanced apple yield and fruit quality traits. Gibberellic acid and salicylic acid are also
reported to increase yield, fruit acidity, reducing sugars, TSS, TSS/acid ratio, fruit firmness
and fruit chlorophyll a and b content peach trees. The influences on fruit production by the
growth regulators are numerous and are employed in a wide range of circumstances varying
from tissue culturally propagated plants to enhancing post-harvest storage life through almost
all stages of plant life in between. It is not always the effect of single growth regulator but the

interaction effect of different hormones in combination for instance; the ratio of cytokinin to
auxin determines the fate of callus if it is high it promotes shoot proliferation while as low
cytokinin: auxin ratio enhances root formation.

Insecticidal Property of Parhenium Hysterosphours and Viex
Nigundi Leaf Extract (Acetone) Against Siophilus Orzyae
(Rice Weevil)
Sanket Surendra Deshmukh1
, Priyanka Subhash Shinde2
, Mukul Kumar3
1-2
Department of Agrochemicals and Pest Management, Shivaji university, Kolhapur
3
Deparment of Biochemistry, Agwanpur, Saharsa
The insecticidal property of Parthenium hysterosphorous and vitex nigundi leaf extract in
acetone against the rice weevil (Sitophilus oryzae)| were very effective to control the pest
Different cone, dose were checked and the result showed that high doses or the extract of
Parthenium and vitex were significantly more toxic to Sitophilus oryzae compared to lower dose.
The probit analysis of data demonstrated mortality rate for acetone extract was mortality % of
Parthenium leaf extract in acetone 5 %,10%, 15 = 25 % , 40%, 60 % mortality % of vitex left
extract in acetone 5% , 10% ,15 %= 15 %, 35 % 65 %, Mortality % of mixture of Parthmium and
vitex leaf extract in acetone =S 10 %, 15 %, 30 %, 40 %, 80 %, respectively from10 days.
Hence, we concluded that leaf extract of Parthenium hysterosphorous and vitex nigundi served as
a potential insecticide used against Sitophilus oryzae (Rice weevil).

Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Medicinal and
Aromatic plants
Yelakacherla Mounika, Koncha Mounika
College of Horticulture, Dr.YSR Horticultural University, Venkatarammanagudem, West
Godavari, District: Andhra Pradesh, India
E-mail:ymounikaspma@gmail.com
Medicinal plants are globally valuable sources of herbal products and traditional or indigenous
health system of the population in most of the developing countries and as a result of the
expanding interest in medicinal and aromatic plants, new income generation opportunities are
opening up for rural population with many of the medicinal and aromatic plantsis gathered from
the wild, the recollection and sale of medicinal and aromatic plants is providing a
complementary source of income for many poor rural household but they are disappearing at a
high speed. So the conservation and sustainable use of medicinal plant resources to provide a
reliable reference for conservation and sustainable use in medicinal plants. We emphasized that
both conservation strategies in situ and ex situ conservation and good agricultural practices and
resource management should be adequately taken into account for sustainable use of medicinal
plant resources.

Proceeding cum Abstract book: National Webinar on Cultivation of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (MAPs): An Innovative Effort towards Sustainable Development

Proceeding cum Abstract book: National Webinar on Cultivation of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (MAPs): An Innovative Effort towards Sustainable Development

Empfohlen

Empfohlen

Weitere ähnliche Inhalte

Ähnlich wie Proceeding cum Abstract book: National Webinar on Cultivation of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (MAPs): An Innovative Effort towards Sustainable Development

Ähnlich wie Proceeding cum Abstract book: National Webinar on Cultivation of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (MAPs): An Innovative Effort towards Sustainable Development (20)

Kürzlich hochgeladen

Kürzlich hochgeladen (20)

Proceeding cum Abstract book: National Webinar on Cultivation of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (MAPs): An Innovative Effort towards Sustainable Development