2. The Crusades
• A series of
military
campaigns from
the 1090s to the
1400s by a variety
of European
military groups
into parts of the
Byzantine Empire
and Muslim
controlled Middle
East.
3.
4. Why did the CRUSADES begin?
Read Pope Urban II’s speech –
List in your notebook the:
“The top 5 reasons” that Christians
should go on a crusade.
5. Categorize your five reasons.
What are the political, economic, social,
and religious reasons he gives?
6. Events that may have led to the
Crusades
A Christian Church in Jerusalem was
destroyed by the “Caliph” of the
region.
Pilgrim routes (to the Holy Land) were
closed for a period of time.
The Byzantine Empire was losing
territory to Islamic Turks; Byzantine
leaders requested assistance from
other Christian kingdoms.
8. THE CRUSADES
• The Islamic groups holding the regions
of the Middle East were not unified at
the time and were “caught off guard”
by these invasions.
• Each crusade was different—rarely
unified.
• Massacres were committed by Muslim
and Christian armies during the wars.
11. RESULTS of the CRUSADES
On the Byzantine Empire
• Weakening of the Empire due to the
pillaging of Constantinople and taking
of Byzantine lands.
• Severed political and religious
connections to Western Europe.
13. RESULTS of the CRUSADES
On western Europe:
• Nationalism within Europe
• Increased desire for “eastern” goods and
increased trade connections with the
Islamic markets.
15. RESULTS of the CRUSADES
On western Europe:
• Exposure to Islamic learning, innovation,
and technological advancements
16. RESULTS of the CRUSADES
On the Islamic groups of the Middle East
• Very little change in politics or culture
• The Islamic Leader, Saladin,
helped unify Muslim forces and reconquered most of the Middle East
and Asia Minor by the 1200s.
• Though crusades continued,
Muslims held the “Holy Land”
