1. Continuities & Changes over Time

2. By the 600s BCE new civilizations
were on the rise. This new period
of human history (until 600 CE) is
called the CLASSICAL PERIOD.

3.  Monarchs continued to rule most of the new
civilizations
 Patriarchy
 A wide gap between the small number of elite
and everyone else
 The practice of slavery
 Social Classes and Economic structures

4.  Population grew more rapidly
 The size of the states or empires grew
(later civs were much larger than
Mesopotamian city-states or the Egyptian
Empire)
 New philosophical and religious
traditions (Confucianism, Daoism,
Hinduism, Buddhism, Judaism,
Zoroastrianism, and Christianity)

5.  Technological innovations to help humans
manipulate the environment
 For example:
 China-bellows, loom, silk making, wheelbarrow,
harness, crossbow, iron casting
 India-sugar, cotton
 Rome-aqueducts, roads)
 Emergence of more elaborate, widespread,
& dense networks of exchange &
communication--especially Indian Ocean
trade networks & the Silk Road

6. Persia in the Middle East
Greek Civilization and then the
Roman Empire along the
Mediterranean
Qin & Han Dynasties in China
 Mauryan & Gupta Empires in
India