1. Europe, Islamic Empires, China

2. SPLIT in WESTERN CHRISTIANITY (1500s -)
 PROTESTANT Christianity broke from ROMAN
CATHOLIC CHRISTIANITY
 Martin Luther led attacks on Roman Catholic
corruption and practice
 Emphasized equality among believers
 Spain?
Portugal?
Netherlands? Great Britain?
CHRISTIANITY SPREAD
 Both Protestant and Roman Catholic groups made
efforts to spread Christianity to the Americas and
parts of Asia.

3. REFORMS in ISLAMIC WORLD
 Several groups worked to attack corruption of
Islam and syncretism (mixing of Islam with other
cultures and beliefs)
WAHABISM (1700s)
 Return to strict adherence to monotheism and
the sharia
 Combined with a new political state in Arabian
peninsula

4. BHAKTI MOVEMENT – Hinduism 1500s
 effort to achieve union with the divine through
songs, prayers, dances, poetry, and rituals
 Helped blend elements of Sufism and Hinduism
SIKHISM – 1500s
 Blend of Hinduism and Islam gradually became
its own religion
 Sikhs developed into a militant community

5. 
Buddhism became more accessible to
common people (salvation available to all)
NEO-CONFUCIANISM
 Revival of Confucianism in both Ming & Qing
dynasties