This document discusses the key stages of human development from conception through death. It begins with fertilization and the formation of a zygote, then describes the major developmental periods of embryonic, fetal, and newborn stages. It discusses physical, cognitive, and psychosocial development from infancy through childhood, adolescence, and the adult life stages of young, middle, and late adulthood. Key topics covered include sexual maturation, puberty, parenting styles, aging-related changes, and theories on dealing with death and the dying process.

1. Chapter 9
Lifespan Development

3. Sex and Biology
Period of Zygote

4. Sex and Biology

5. Sex and Biology

6. Female Reproductive Organs

7. Fertilization
Fertilization = sperm + ovum
(the gametes) form a single
new cell, a zygote.

8. The Start of Life
Genetics & Prenatal Development
Fertilization: The Moment of Conception
Famous picture from Life Magazine

9. The Start of Life
The Onset of Development
Germinal Stage
(first two weeks)
Germinal disc 0.8 hours post fertilization
Blastocyst

10. The Start of Life
The Onset of Development
Germinal Stage
(first two weeks)
Three days post fertilization.
Artificially inseminated, 69 Chromosomes

11. This single cell is transformed into something resembling a person by the
human genetic code.
Zygote

12. Some important facts:
• The 23rd chromosome determines the sex of the child.
– Females are XX.
– Males are XY.
– The FATHER’s sperm determines the sex of the child.

13. Klinefelter’s Syndrome

14. Turner’s Syndrome

16. The closer the genetic link between two individuals,
the more similar their IQ scores are.
Nature or nurture?

17. The Start of Life
The Onset of Development
Near end of embryonic stage
Embryonic Stage
(two to eight weeks)

18. The Start of Life
The Onset of Development
Fetal Stage
(eight weeks until birth)

19. Labor

20. Cesarean Section

21. The Competent Newborn: Milestones
•Head up
•Rolling over
•Standing alone
•Crawling
•Cruising
•Walking
• One word
• Sentences
Infants understand a LOT without being able to produce language.

22. Psychosocial Development
In Childhood
• Harlows: Attachment
determined by contact
comfort, rather than food.
• (Attachment to an
inanimate object is not
sufficient for normal social
development.)
• [next]

23. Cognitive Development
In Childhood
• Sensorimotor
• Preoperational (near end of second year – ~7): Operation
= mental action
– Symbolic functioning
– Centration; egocentrism [next]
• Concrete Operations
• Formal Operations
– Love, shades of gray, values

24. Adolescence
• Puberty
– Development of primary and secondary sex characteristics.
– “The adolescent growth spurt”
– Girls begin their growth spurts earlier (approx. 2 years) and complete them
earlier.
– By age 13, boys are taller on average.
• Androgens
• Estrogens
• Menarche
• Cultural trends
• Secular trends shows earlier maturation (next slide)

26. Young Adulthood
• Parenting
– Authoritarian
– Authoritative
– Permissive
– Negligent
– Democratic

27. Middle Adulthood
• Physical changes > characterized by a gradual decline.
• Visual and auditory sensitivity declines, muscle strength
decreases, and reaction time
• Hormonal changes > menopause; marks the end of
childbearing.
• Decrease in estrogen production can lead to osteoporosis.

28. Late Adulthood
• increase in susceptibility to
disease.
• Dementia: degenerative,
irreversable
• ~1/3 of 85+ may suffer from
Alzheimer's disease
• Erikson: integrity versus despair
– People who are unable to put their
life in perspective may experience
anger, bitterness, and despair.

29. Death, Dying, and Bereavement
• Elisabeth Kubler-Ross
– Denial
– Anger
– Bargaining
– Depression
– Acceptance