This is the historical development of American education which some of them are still being apply until today.

1. 11/8/2018Foundations of Education1
Historical Development of American
Education

2. Foundation Teaching
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The Colonial Period
Dual Track School System: Helps all students in the school appreciate the
country’s two language and two cultures.
Latin Grammar School: Upper-class boys attended Latin grammar
school, which prepared them for college entry.

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New England Colonies
The Town School: The New England colonist re-created the
European dual-track system, establishing primary town school for
the majority of student and Latin grammar school for upper-class
boys.

4. The Middle Atlantic Colonies
New York: New York was initially a Dutch colony.
Pennsylvania: Founded by William Penn
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Southern Colonies
In the Southern colonies:
-Wealthy planters and merchants imported private tutors from Scotland to
teach their children.
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- During the early national period, several leaders
- Benjamin Franklin
- Thomas Jefferson
- Benjamin Rush
- Noah Webster
Developed proposals for school in the new republic
Argued that American education should be change
The Early National Period

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Frnklin : The Academy
- Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790), is a leading statesman,
scientist and publicist, founded an Academy (a private
secondary school)
- Franklin: Penn’s founder, advocated an educational
program that focused as much on practice education for
commerce and public service as on the classic and
theology.
- “Proposals relating to the Education of Youth in
Pennsyivania” emphasis on useful knowledge and science
different from the traditional Latin grammar school.

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Jefferson : Education for Citizenship
- Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826) is a author of the
Declaration of Independence and the third
president of the United State.
- Education’s major propose was to promote a
democratic society of literate and well-informed
citizens.
- Committed to separation of church and state.
- State sponsored school and would be funded by
public taxes.

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Benjamin Rush: Church-Related School
- Benjamin Rush(1745-1813), a leading physician
and medical educator of the early republic.
- Rush wanted the Bible and Christian principles
taught in school because he believe that science
revealed God’s perfect design in creating the
natural order.
- Rush rejected the sexist bias that women were
intellectually interior to men and need only a
limited education.

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Webster: Schoolmaster of the Republic
- Noah Webster (1758-1843), a leading educator and
lexicographer, and the early republic’s leading cultural
nationalist.
- Webster wanted the U.S to be culturally independent with
its own, and he believe that common language and
literature would build a sense of national identity.
- He believe that textbooks had a powerful influence on
teaching and studying, so he wrote spelling and reading
that emphasized American Identity and achievement.
- His first American Dictionary was published in 1828.

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The Movement toward public schooling
- Before public school, there were attempts to use
private voluntary alternatives such as Sunday
School & Monitorial School.
- Sunday School was opened only on Sunday
when the factories were close.
- Monitorial method used monitor elder and
more experienced pupils trained by a master
teacher and passed to young learner.

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The Common School
- The Common School movement at the first half of the nineteenth century.
- It was call a “Common School” because it was open to children of all social
and economic classes.

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Mann : The Struggle for Public School
- Horace Mann (1796-1859), a prominent
Whig political leader and a steadfast
proponent of common schools.
- He was building support for Common
school by convinced taxpayer that
- “It was in their interest to support
public school, a business man who
supported tax to public education was
an investment in economic growth”
It was in their interest to
support public school, a
business man who supported
tax to public education was
an investment in economic
growth

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Normal School and Women’s Education
- The increasing of the Common school had two importance complementary
consequences
- It led to the establishing Normal School, which set the patterns of preservice
teacher preparation
- It made elementary school teaching an important career path for women.
Normal school were institution that provide courses in the history and Philosophy of
education, methods of teaching, and practice or demonstration teaching for
prospective teachers.
The establishment of Common Schools created a demand for trained teachers, and
many women were attracted to teaching careers.

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Catharine Beecher : Preparing Women as Teacher
- Catharine Beecher (1800-1878), a teacher educator,
who connected the common school to women’s
education and reform the women’s rights.
- She reasoned that teaching gave educated women a
socially useful career path at a time when their
opportunities for higher education and professional
positions were severely limited.
- Beecher was part of a network of women educators
such as Emam Willard, Zilpah Grant, and Mary
Lyon who prepared women for teaching career.

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The Development of American Secondary Schools
- High School became the dominant secondary school after 1860.
- In late 19th and early 20th centuries, state passed compulsory attendance law that established
the age range that students had to attend school.
- They worked for the enactment of child labor laws, which restricted employment for children
and adolescent so that they would attend school rather than enter the work force.
- In 1892, the National Education Association (NEA) established the Committee of Ten, which
made two important recommendation
1 Subjects should be taught uniformly for both college preparatory student and those who
completed their formal education upon graduation
2 Eight years for elementary and four years for secondary education.
High School

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Secondary-School Organization
- In 1920s, four curricular patterns were evident high school :
1. College-preparatory program: English language, literature, mathematics, physical science…
2. The commercial business program : bookkeeping, shorthand & typing
3. Industrial, vocational, home economics & agricultural program
4. General academic program for student who would complete their graduation
Student need to attended with six years for elementary school, three years with junior high school and there
years for senior high school.
- In 1920s & 1930s, Junior high school was designed as a transitional institution betwwen elementary and
senior high school which was oriented to early adolescent’s development need.
- By 1920, there were 883 junior high school in U.S, and more than 50% of young adolescents were attending
junior high school in 1940s.

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The development of Educational Technology
- Educational technology entered the school in the 1930s with the introduction
of radio and motion pictures for preservice teacher-education program,
- Educational television and other technologies such as computer-assisted
instruction and educational video were being used in school by 1970s, which
providing student and teacher with an instant videotaped critique of their
teaching.
- Nowadays, teacher-education programs include preservice and in-service
training in using educational technology in professional development
experiences.

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Thanks for paying attention…!!!