power point presentation

2. Humans are sensitive to an extraordinary
environmental and climate change which
can lead to a general deterioration of
state of health and well- being .
Stress.
Trauma.
Diseases.
physical(mental) disorder.
Decrease of working capacity.
Social disorder.
Death.

3. Ways in which climate change can
affect human health
Direct effect:
Exposure to thermal extremes(heat stroke,
hypothermia).
Other extreme weather events (floods,
storms):
• Deaths.
• Injuries.
• Destructions .

4. Ways in which climate change can
affect human health
Indirect effect:
Disturbances of ecological systems:
• Effects on range and activity of vectors and
infective parasites.
• Altered local ecology of water-borne and
food-borne infective agents .
• Altered food productivity due to changes in
climate, weather events ,and associated pests
and diseases.

5. Heat related illnesses
• The body normally cools itself by sweating.
but in extreme high temperature sweating
just isn't enough. In such cases a person’s
body temperature rises rapidly which may
damage the brain or any other vital organs
.
• Some conditions can limit the ability of the
body to regulate its temperature:
humidity, fever, dehydration, poor
circulation.

6. Who is at greater risk ?
• Infants and children up to four years of
age.
• People 65 years and older.
• Obese people.
• People with illness or on certain
medications.

7. Heat rash
• Heat rash is a skin irritation caused by
excessive sweating during hot, humid
weather.
• It can occur at any age but is most common
in young children. Heat rash looks like a
red cluster of pimples or small blisters. It
is more likely to occur on the neck and
upper chest , in the groin, under the
breasts, and in elbow creases.

8. Treatment
• Frequent showering.
• Stay in a cooler environment.
• Dusting powder to increase comfort.
• Anti histamines .

9. Heat cramps
• Heat cramps are muscle pains or
spasms-usually in the abdomen ,arms , or
legs that may occur in association with
strenuous activity.
• people who sweat a lot during strenuous
activity are prone to heat cramps. this
sweating depletes the body’s salt and
water. the low salt level in the muscles
causes painful cramps.

10. What to do ?
• Stop all activity and sit quietly in a cool
place.
• Drink clear juices.
• Do not return to strenuous activity foe
a few hours after the cramps subside
because further exertion may lead to
heat exhaustion.
• Seek medical attention if it doesn’t go
away on it’s own( iv fluids , analgesics).

11. Heat Exhaustion
• Heat exhaustion is a milder form of
heat related illness that can develop
after several days of exposure to high
temperature and inadequate or
unbalanced replacement of fluids.
• those most prone to heat exhaustion
are elderly people, those with high
blood pressure, and those working or
exercising in a hot environment.

12. Warning signs of heat exhaustion:
• Heavy sweating.
• Paleness.
• Muscle cramps.
• Tiredness.
• Dizziness.
• Headache.
• Nausea or vomiting.
• fainting (shallow and fast breathing).

13. What to do :
• Drink cool , non alcoholic beverages.
• Rest.
• Take a cool shower.
• Seek an air-conditioned environment.
• Wear lightweight clothing.
• Give medications to stop shivering
(health personnel) .

14. Heat Stroke
• It occurs when body temperature
arise above 103 ⁰F or higher. it
occurs when the body becomes unable
to control its temperature. the sweating
mechanism fails .and the body unable to
cool down .heat stroke can cause death
or permanent disability if emergency
treatment is not provided.

15. What are the warning signs of a
heat stroke?
• Red,hot,and dry skin (no sweating).
• Rapid strong pulse.
• Throbbing headache.
• Dizziness.
• Nausea.
• Confusion.
• Unconsciousness.

16. Treatment :
Immerse in cold water.
Use evaporation cooling techniques : cool
water is misted on the body while warm air is fanned over
the body causing the water to evaporate and cool the skin.
Pack you with ice and cooling blankets: wrap
the body with a special cooling blanket and apply ice packs
to your groin ,neck , back and armpits to lower your
temperature.
Medications(muscle relaxant) : to stop
shivering.
Don’t give oral fluids.

17. Comparison

18. Can medications increase the risk
of heat related illnesses?
• The risk can increase among people
using the following drugs:
Psychotropics (haloperidol ,
chlorpromazine).
Medications for parkinson’s disease
:because they can inhibit perspiration.
Tranquilizers such as phenothiazine.
Diuretics.

19. What should I do during an
extreme heat event?
Do
• Use air conditioners or
spend time in air-
conditioned places.
• Use electric fans when
the temp below 95⁰F.
• Take a cool showers.
• Minimize direct
exposure to the sun.
• Stay hydrated (no
caffeine , no alcohol).
• Eat light , cool and easy to
digest foods such as fruit
or salads.
• Wear loose-fitting ,light-
colored clothes.
• Know the symptoms of
heat-related illnesses and
the appropriate responses.
• Check the local news for
health and safety updates.

20. What should I do during an extreme
heat event?
Don’t
• Leave children ,pets , or
persons with mobility
problems alone in cars for
any amount of time.
• Drink alcohol.
• Use the stove or oven to
cook _it will make you and
your house hotter.
• Eat heavy ,hot , or hard to
digest foods.
• Wear heavy ,dark clothing ,
which absorbs heat from
the sun.
• Exercise outdoors during
the hottest hours of the day
(10 am to 5 pm).
• Use an electric fan when
the temperature is over
95⁰F.

21. Hypothermia
• It is caused by prolonged
exposures to very cold
temperatures. The body
begins to lose heat faster
than it’s produced which
eventually leads to lower body
temperature.
• This hypothermia affects the
brain making the victim unable
to think clearly or move well.

22. who’s most at risk ?
• Older adults with inadequate food
,clothing , or heating.
• Babies sleeping in cold bedrooms.
• People who remain outdoors for long
periods (homeless ,hikers , hunters).
• People who drink alcohol or use illicit
drugs.

23. Warning signs
• Adults
 shivering ,
exhaustion.
 Confusion , fumbling
hands.
 Memory loss ,
slurred speech .
 Drowsiness.
• Infants
 Bright red ,cold skin
.
 Very low energy.

24. What to do ?
• Get the victim into a warm
room or shelter.
• If the victim on any wet
clothing , remove it .
• Warm the center of the body
first using an electric blanket
if available .you can also use
skin to skin contact.
• Warm beverages can help
increase body temperature,
but don’t give alcoholic
beverages . do not try to give
beverages to an unconscious
person .

25. Cont, medical management
• Passive re warming.
• Blood re warming (hemodialysis
machine).
• Warm intravenous fluids.
• Airway re warming (humidified oxygen).
• Irrigation : a warm salt water solution
may be used to warm certain areas
(pleura, peritoneal cavity) by catheters.

26. Frostbite
• Frostbite is a bodily
injury caused by freezing
that results in loss of
feeling and color in
affected areas. it most
often affects the nose
,ears ,cheeks ,chin
,fingers , or toes.
• Frostbite can
permanently damage the
body and severe cases
can lead to amputation .

27. who’s most at risk?
• Persons with poor blood circulation.
• Are not properly dressed for extremely
cold temperature.
Signs :
• A white or grayish-yellow skin area.
• Skin that feels unusually firm or waxy.
• Numbness.

28. What to do ?
• First determine if the victim also shows
signs of hypothermia . hypothermia is
amore serious medical condition.
• If there is no signs of hypothermia
proceed as follows:
Get into a warm room.
Don’t walk on frostbitten feet or toes –
this increase the damage .

29. Cont,
Immerse the affected area in a warm-not
hot- water . Or warm the affected area
using body heat (the heat of an arm bit can
be used to warm frost bitten fingers.
Don’t rub the frostbitten area or massage
it at all . this can cause more damage.
Don’t use a heating bath , heat lamp ,or the
heat of a stove or radiator .affected areas
are numb and can be easily burned.

30. Cont , medical care
• Oral pain medicine .
• Protecting the injury with sterile sheets.
• Removal of damaged tissue (debridement).
• Whirlpool therapy or physical therapy
(hydrotherapy).
• Antibiotics.
• Thrombolytic .
• Hyperbaric oxygen.
• Surgery (amputation).

31. References :
• www.cdc.gov
• www.mayoclinic.org
• EPA : united states environmental protection
agency .
• www.geo.iu.iv