Zika virus presentation contains introduction, geographical distribution, Transmission, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and prevention.

1. Zika virus

2. Introduction
What is Zika virus ?
Zika virus disease is caused by a virus transmitted primarily by Aedes
mosquitoes, which bite during the day.
 Zika virus was first identified in Uganda in 1947 in monkeys. It was later
identified in humans in 1952 in Uganda and the United Republic of
Tanzania.

4. Geographical distribution
updated in 4th November 2019

5. Geographical distribution
 Africa: Angola, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde,
Central African Republic, Ethiopia, Gabon,
Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast, Nigeria, Senegal, Uganda
 Asia: Bangladesh, Burma, Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Laos,
Malaysia, Maldives, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam
 The Caribbean: Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Aruba, Bahamas,
Barbados, Bonaire, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Cuba,
Curacao, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Grenada, Guadeloupe,
Jamaica, Martinique, Montserrat, Puerto Rico, Saba, Saint
Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Martin, Saint Vincent and the
Grenadines, Sint Eustatius, Sint Maarten, Trinidad and Tobago, Turks
and Caicos, United States Virgin Islands

6.  Central America: Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras,
Nicaragua, Panama
 North America: Mexico, United States (Continental US)
 The Pacific Islands: American Samoa, Cook Islands, Easter Island,
Federated States of Micronesia, Fiji, French Polynesia, Marshall Islands,
New Caledonia, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands,
Tonga, Vanuatu,
 South America: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French
Guiana, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Venezuela
 Europe: France

7. Transmission
Zika virus is transmitted to people primarily through the bite of an infected Aedes species
mosquito. These are the same mosquitoes that spread dengue and chikungunya viruses.
These mosquitoes typically lay eggs in or near standing water in things like buckets, bowls,
animal dishes, flower pots, and vases. They prefer to bite people, and live indoors and
outdoors near people. Mosquitoes that spread chikungunya, dengue, and Zika bite during
the day and night.
A mosquito gets infected with a virus when it bites an infected person during the period of
time when the virus can be found in the person’s blood, typically only through the first week
of infection.
Infected mosquitoes can then spread the virus to other people through bites.

8. The
incubati
on
period of
Zika
virus
ranges
from 3-
14 days.

9. Signs and Symptoms
 Many people infected with Zika virus
won’t have symptoms or will only have
mild symptoms. The most common
symptoms of Zika are;
 Fever
 Rash
 Headache
 Joint pain
 Conjunctivitis (red eyes)
 Muscle pain

10.  How long symptoms last ?
 Zika is usually mild with symptoms lasting for several days to a week. People usually don’t get sick
enough to go to the hospital, and they very rarely die of Zika. For this reason, many people might
not realize they have been infected.
 How soon you should be tested
 Zika virus usually remains in the blood of an infected person for about a week. See your doctor or other
healthcare provider if you develop symptoms and you live in or have recently traveled to an area with risk of
Zika. Your doctor or other healthcare provider may order blood or urine tests to help determine if you have Zika.
Once a person has been infected, he or she is likely to be protected from future infections.
 When to see a doctor or healthcare provider?
 See your doctor or other healthcare provider if you have the symptoms described above and have visited
an area with risk of Zika. This is especially important if you are pregnant. Be sure to tell your doctor or other
healthcare provider where you traveled.

11. How Zika is diagnosed?
 Following the Zika virus outbreaks in 2016, the number of Zika cases
reported from most parts of the world declined and is now very low.
Therefore, very few people need Zika testing.
 To diagnose Zika, a doctor or other healthcare provider will ask about
any recent travel and any signs and symptoms.
 They may order blood or urine tests to help determine if you have Zika.
 Remember to ask for your Zika test results even if you are feeling
better.

12.  Infection with Zika virus may be
suspected based on symptoms of
persons living in or visiting areas with
Zika virus transmission and/or Aedes
mosquito vectors. A diagnosis of Zika
virus infection can only be confirmed
by laboratory tests of blood or other
body fluids, such as urine or semen
 RNA NAT Testing
 IgM Testing
 Plaque Reduction Neutralization Test
RNA NAT Testing IgM Testing

13. What is the treatment for Zika virus?
There is no specific medicine or vaccine for Zika virus.
 Treat the symptoms.
 Get plenty of rest.
 Drink fluids to prevent dehydration.
 Take medicine such as acetaminophen (Tylenol®) to reduce fever and pain.
 Do not take aspirin and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS)
until dengue can be ruled out to reduce the risk of bleeding.
 If you are taking medicine for another medical condition, talk to your healthcare
provider before taking additional medication.

14. Prevention
 There is no vaccine to prevent Zika. The
best way to prevent diseases spread by
mosquitoes is to avoid being bitten.
Protect yourself and your family from
mosquito bites. Here’s how:
 Wear long-sleeved shirts and long
pants.
 Stay in places with air conditioning or
that use window and door screens to
keep mosquitoes outside.
 Reapply insect repellent as directed.
 Do not spray repellent on the skin under
clothing.
 If you are also using sunscreen, apply
sunscreen before applying insect
repellent.

15.  If you have a baby or child:
 Do not use insect repellent on babies younger than 2 months of age.
 Dress your child in clothing that covers arms and legs, or
 Cover crib, stroller, and baby carrier with mosquito netting.
 Do not apply insect repellent onto a child’s hands, eyes, mouth, and cut or irritated
skin.
 Treat clothing and gear with permethrin or purchase permethrin-treated items.
 Treated clothing remains protective after multiple washings.
 Do NOT use permethrin products directly on skin. They are intended to treat
clothing.
 Sleep under a mosquito bed net if you are overseas or outside and are not able to
protect yourself from mosquito bites.

16. References
 https://www.who.int/
 https://www.cdc.gov/zika/index.html
 https://www.verywellhealth.com/how-zika-virus-is-diagnosed-4163635
 https://balance.hcr-manorcare.com/blog-posts/the-zika-virus-qa/

17. THANK YOU……