Pollution control refers to the various practices and measures implemented to prevent, reduce, or mitigate pollution in order to protect the environment and human health. These measures aim to minimize the release of pollutants into the air, water, and soil, and promote sustainable and responsible practices.

2. Pollution control strategies
and measures
Mohammad Ashfaq
FA18C1BA033

3. Pollution
 Pollution is the introduction of harmful materials into the environment. These
harmful materials are called pollutants. Pollutants can be natural, such as volcanic
ash. They can also be created by human activity, such as trash or runoff produced
by factories. Pollutants damage the quality of air, water, and land.
 Many things that are useful to people produce pollution. Cars spew pollutants
from their exhaust pipes. Burning coal to create electricity pollutes the air.
Industries and homes generate garbage and sewage that can pollute the land and
water. Pesticides chemical poisons used to kill weeds and insects seep into
waterways and harm wildlife.

4. Environmental pollution
 Environmental pollution is defined as “the contamination of the physical and
biological components of the earth/atmosphere system to such an extent that
normal environmental processes are adversely affected.
 Environmental pollution is not a new phenomenon.
 It remains the world’s greatest problem facing humanity.
 Man’s activities through urbanization, industrialization, mining, and exploration
are at the forefront of global environmental pollution.

5. Types of Environmental Pollution
 Air Pollution
 Water Pollution
 Land Pollution
 Noise Pollution
Thermal Pollution

6. Air Pollution
 Air pollution is contamination of the indoor or outdoor environment by any
chemical, physical or biological agent that modifies the natural characteristics of
the atmosphere.
 Household combustion devices, motor vehicles, industrial facilities and forest
fires are common sources of air pollution.
 Pollutants of major public health concern include particulate matter, carbon
monoxide, ozone, nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide.
 Outdoor and indoor air pollution cause respiratory and other diseases and is an
important source of morbidity and mortality.

8. Control Measures
 Using public transports.
 No to plastic bags.
 Reduction of forest fires and smoking.
 Use of fans instead of Air Conditioner.
 Use filters for chimneys.
 Avoid usage of crackers.
 Implement Afforestation.

9. Water Pollution
 Water pollution occurs when harmful substances often chemicals or
microorganisms contaminate a stream, river, lake, ocean, aquifer, or other
body of water, degrading water quality and rendering it toxic to humans or
the environment.
 Water bodies can be polluted by a wide variety of substances, including
pathogenic microorganisms, putrescible organic waste, plant nutrients,
toxic chemicals, sediments, heat and petroleum (oil).

11. Remedies
 Treatment plants for municipal and industrial effluents before disposal to water
bodies.
 Adequate collection, recycling and disposal.
 Application of “Clean Technology” at the industrial units.
 Segregate sewage lines to avoid mixing with drinking water supply.
 Filter plants for clean drinking water.

12. Land Pollution
 Land pollution refers to the deterioration of the earth’s land surfaces, at and
below ground level.
 The cause is the accumulation of solid and liquid waste materials that
contaminate groundwater and soil.
 These waste materials are often referred to as municipal solid waste (MSW),
which includes both hazardous and non-hazardous waste.
 When waste is deposited onto an area of land, the permeability of the soil
formations below the waste can increase or reduce the risk of land pollution.

14. Control Measures For Land Pollution
 Using Fewer Pesticides and Chemicals in Agriculture.
 Reforestation.
 Reduce, Reuse and Recycle (reuse or recycle items so that you aren’t creating
waste out of a material).
 Disposing of wastes properly is an important way to take control of land
pollution.

15. Noise Pollution
 Noise pollution is generally defined as regular exposure to elevated sound
levels that may lead to adverse effects in humans or other living organisms.
 According to the World Health Organization, sound levels less than 70 dB are
not damaging to living organisms, regardless of how long or consistent the
exposure is.
 Exposure for more than 8 hours to constant noise beyond 85 dB may be
hazardous.
 If you work for 8 hours daily in close proximity to a busy road or highway, you
are very likely exposed to traffic noise pollution around 85dB.

17. How to control noise pollution
 Turn off Appliances at Home and offices.
 Shut the Door when using noisy Machines.
 Use Earplugs.
 Lower the volume.
 Stay away from Noisy area.
 Control Noise level near sensitive areas.
 Go Green by planning trees(trees are good noise absorbents and it can reduce
noise by 5 to 10 decibels Db around them).

18. Thermal Pollution
 Thermal pollution is the discharge of heated water into bodies of water.
 The main contributors to thermal heat pollution are thermal or nuclear power
plants.
 Industrial effluents such as petroleum refineries, pulp and paper mills, chemical
plants, steel mills and smelters; sewage effluents; and biochemical activity.

20. Thermal Pollution Control & Measures
 Heated water from the industries can treated before discharging directly to the
water bodies.
 Heated water from the industries can be treated by the installation of cooling
ponds and cooling towers.
 Industrial treated water can be recycled for domestic use or industrial heating.
 Through artificial lakes, industries can discharge their used or heated water at
one end and water for cooling purposes may be withdrawn from the other end.
The heat is eventually dissipated through evaporation.