This document provides information on administering ophthalmic, ear, and rectal medications. It discusses: 1) Preparing and instilling eye drops, ointments, and ear drops, including proper positioning, identification, and administration techniques. 2) Administering medications through nasogastric tubes, including delivering the full dose and positioning the patient. 3) Common rectal dosage forms like suppositories, creams, and gels, which are usually torpedo-shaped and composed of fatty or water-soluble bases. 4) Packaging rectal formulations with perforated applicators and storing in a cool place.

1. Mr. Mahesh Chand
Nursing Tutor
Manikaka Topawala Institute of
Nursing, Changa
Topical applications/
Instillation

2. ADMINISTERING OPHTHALMIC
MEDICATIONS
Definition:
Medications are instilled in mucous
membranes of eye for various therapeutic
effects.
Purpose:
 To treat infection.
 To relieve inflammation.
 To treat eye disorders such as glaucoma.
 To diagnose such as foreign bodies and

3. Preparation Of
OPHTHALMIC MEDICATIONS
l Gather
 Medication bottle with sterileEdqruoippeernotsr
ointment tube.
 Small guze squares or cotton balls.
 Eye patch and tape (optional).
 Disposable gloves.
2. Explain the need and reason for instilling
drops or ointment.

4. Continue Preparation Of
OPHTHALMIC MEDICATIONS
3.Allow the pt to sit with head tilted backward
or to lie in
a supine position.
4. Ask client to look up and explain steps
to client.

5. Instill eye
drops
1. Identify pt. Compare name on medication
sheet with pt ID band . Ask pt to state
name.
2. Check prescribed medication order for
number of drops (if a liquid) and eye
Right
Left
both

6. Instill eye drops continue
1. Wash Hands
2. With dominant hand resting on
client’s forehead, hold filled
medication eye dropper or ophthalmic
solution approximately 1-2 cm (1/2-
3/4 in) above
conjunctival sac

7. Instill eye drops continue
5. pull the lower lid down
to expose the
conjunctival sac. have
the pt look up and
away, then squeeze the
prescribed numbers of
drops into the sac.
Release the patient's
eyelid, and have him/
her to blink to
distribute the
medication.

8. Instilling Eye Ointment
 Gently lay a thin strip of
the medication along the
conjunctival sac from the
inner canthus to the
outer canthus. avoid
touching the tip of the
tube to the patient's eye.
then release the eye lid
and have the patient roll
his eye behind closed
lids to distribute the

9. Giving Medication
Through an NG
Tube
 Holding the nasogastric
(NG) tube at a level some
what above the patient's
nose, pour up to 30 ml of
the diluted medication into
the syringe barrel. Hold
the at a slight angle and
add more medication
before the syringe
empties. rise the tube
slightly higher to increase

10. Continue Giving
Medication Through NG
Tube
 After you've
delivered the
whole dose,
position the
patient on her/
his side, head
slightly elevated.

11. EAR (OTIC)
INISTILLATION
⚫Definition:
⚫Instill liquid medication into external
auditory canal for such therapeutic
effects.
⚫Purpose:
 To treat infection and inflammation.
 To soften cerumen for removal.
 To produce local anesthesia.
 To aid in removal of foreign body trapped
in the ear.

12. Preparation for
EAR (OTIC)
INISTILLATION
Wash hands
Gather
Equipment:
 2 or 3 cotton balls or
tissue.
 Disposable gloves.
 Medication record or
card.
 Medication to be

13. Positioning The Client For
Eardrop Instillation
⚫ Before instilling eardrops, have
the client lie on his or her side.
Then straighten the ear canal to
help the medication reach the
eardrum. For adult, gently pull
the auricle up and back. For
young child and infant, gently
pull down and back

18. 18

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20. Solid suppositories are the most common dosage forms.
Typically,these are torpedo-shaped dosage forms composed
but in case of vagina the oval shape is more preferred.
The composition is largely dicited by the physicochemical
properties of the drug and the desired drug relese profile.
The most commonly used base for vaginal suppositories
consist of combination of the various molecular weight
polyethyelene glycols, surfactants & preservatives.
They are buffered to acidic pH about 4-5.
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22. In the rectal drug delivery system the following types of
dosage forms are available.
• Rectal semisolids:
4)suppositories
1) creams 2)gels 3)ointments
• Rectal liquids:
1)solutions 2) suspensions
• Rectal aerosols
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23. APPLICATION: before applying rectal ointments and
cram the perianal skin and the affected area should be
cleaned and dried.
Special types of applicators are used for applications of
creams & several market preparations are available
with perforated applicator tips and inserters.
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24. Different graded applicators are available in market for
application of rectal creams.
Packing: rectal ointments creams and gels are packed
with special perforated plastic tips for products to be
adminsterd in to the anus.
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25. • Solid suppositories are the most common
dosage form used for rectal drug administration
and represent greater than 98% of all rectal
dosage forms.
• Typically, these are torpedo-shaped dosage forms
composed of fatty bases (low-melting) or water-soluble
bases(dissolving) which vary in weight from 1g (children)
to 2.5 g adults.
• Lipophilic drugs are usually incorporated into water-
soluble bases while hydrophilic drugs are formulated into
the fatty base suppositories.
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26. For suppositories made from fatty bases, melting should occur
rapidly near body temperature.
Ideally the resultant melt would readily flow to provide thin,
broad coverage of the rectal tissue, thereby minimizing lag
time effects due to slow release of drug from the suppository
base.
Water-soluble suppositories should likewise readily dissolve at
37c to facilitate drug release and subsequent absorption
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27. COMMERCIAL AVAILBLE SUPPOSITRY.
• DULCOLAX- bisacodyl
• CANASA- mesalamine
• NUMORPHAN- oxymorphane
• ANUSOLHC- hydocortisone
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28. PACKAGING: packaging is done after lubrication with
proper lubricant in aluminium foil or in other suitable
material. with indication ‘STORE IN A COOLPLACE’
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