3. Muscles of the Face
General Characters of the Muscles of the Face
1- They are the muscles of Expression
4. 2- They are all developed from the 2nd pharyngeal arch
3- They are all supplied by the Facial nerve
Facial Nerve
5. 4- They act as closers and openers of facial orifices
5- They surround the facial openings
6- They originate from bone or other muscle, pass in the
superficial fascia and attach to the facial skin or other
facial muscle
6. 7- They are Classified into groups
Corrugator Supercilli
Orbicularis Occuli
Levator
Palpebrae Superioris
1- Muscles of the Eyelids
2- Muscles of the Nose:
1- Procerus
2- Dilator naris
3- Compressor naris
4- Depressor septi
7. 7- They are Classified into groups
3- Muscles of the mouth:
1- Orbicularis oris
2- Levator labii superioris alaequae nasi
3- Levator labii superioris
4- Levator anguli oris
5- Zygomaticus major
6- Zygomaticus minor
7- Depressor anguli oris
8- Depressor labii inferioris
9- Mentalis
10- Resorius
11- Buccinator
1
2 2
3 3
4 4
5 6
5
6
7 7
8 89 9
10 10
11
1111
8. 7- They are Classified into groups
4- Muscles of the Ear
Auricularis Muscles
5- Muscles of the Scalp
Occipitofrontalis
5- Muscles of the Neck
Platysma
10. Major muscles
1- Orbicularis Occuli : it is formed of three parts :
A- orbital part
B palpebral part
C- lacrimal part
A- Orobital part :
* Origin : It arises from the nasal part of the frontal bone,
from the frontal process of the maxilla and upper
border of medial palpebral lig.
* insertion : lower border of medial palpebral ligament
* Action : tight closure of the eye
B- Palpebral part :
* Origin : arises from the the medial palpebral ligament,
forms a series of concentric curves.
* insertion : inserted into the lateral palpebral raphe at the outer
canthus (corner) of eye.
* Action : The palpebral portion acts involuntarily, closing the lids
gently, as in sleep or in blinking;
11. 1- Orbicularis Occuli : (continue )
C. Lacrimal part :
Origin : It arises from the posterior crest and adjacent part of the orbital surface of the
of the lacrimal bone, and passing behind the lacrimal sac .
* insertion : into the superior and inferior tarsi and wall of lacrimal sac
* Action : dilate lacrimal sac
15. 2- Buccinator :
* Origin :
- upper fibers from maxilla above three molar
- lower fibers : from the mandible below three molar
- ptergomandibular raphe which separates it from the constrictor pharyngis superior .
* Insertion :
- upper fibers : to the upper lip
- lower fibers : lower lip
- Middle fibers decussate lower
ascend to upper lib & lower descend
to the lower limb
* Action :
Aids in holding the cheek to the
teeth and prevent accumulation
of food in the
vestibule of the mouth during
chewing
* Nerve supply : facial nerve
( upper & lower buccal branches )
bccinator
18. Relations of Buccinator :
1- Deep Relations of Buccinator :
Mucous membrane and
pharyngobasilar fascia
2- Superficial Relations of Buccinator
1- Buccal bad of fat
2- Parotid duct
Mucous membrane and pharyngobasilar
fascia
Buccal bad of fat
Parotid duct
19. 3- Nerves
a- Buccal branch of facial nerve
B- Buccal branch of mandibular nerve
Relations of Buccinator ( continue) :
Upper Buccal of Faci
Lower Buccal of Facial
Buccal branch of
mandibular nerve
33. Motor Nerves of the Face ( facial nerve ) :
Orgin : from the pons
Type : mixed nerve motor , sensory and containig parasympathetic .
Course in the face : after the facial nerve comes out from the stylomandibular foramen it inter
the parotid gland superficial to external carotid artery and posterior facial vein and with in the
parotid gland the nerve gives five terminal branches .
Branches :
A- befor it inter the parotid gland ( distal to the stylomastoid foramen :
1- postetrior auricular to the occiptal belly of occiptofrontalis muscle and muscles around
ear
2- Branch to posterior belly of digasteric and stylohyoid muscle
Temporal Branch
Zygomatic Branch
Upper Buccal Branch
Lower Buccal Branch
Mandibular Branch
Cervical Branch
35. Blood Supply of the Face
A- Arteries of the Face
1- Facial Artery :
Origin : branch from external carotid
Course : arise from external carotid and inter the digasteric triangle in the neck and run
between submandibular gland and mandible then inter the face in front of masseter muscle and
terminate by giving angular artery .
Branches :
A- In the neck (cervical ) :
1- Ascending paltine artery .
2- Tonsilar artery
3- Submental artery
4- Glandular branches
B- In the face (facial) :
1- inferior labial
2- superior labial
3- lateral nasal
4- Angular ( the terminal branch )
36. Facial Artery
Antro-inferior angle
of
Masseter
Lower Border
of The Mandible
Angular Artery
Supraorbital Artery
Supratrochlear Artery
Inferior Labial Branch
Superior Labial Branch
Septal Branch
Lateral Nasal Branch
1- Facial Artery
43. Facial vein: biggest vein in the face
Beginning: at the medial angle of the eye by the union of
supra-orbital and supratrochear veins.
* Runs downwards and backwards behind the facial artery.
* Leaves the face to enter the neck by piercing the deep fascia
at the antero-Inferior angle of the masseter.
*Ends in the neck by joining the anterior division of
retromandibular (Posterior facial) vein to form the common
facial vein which ends in the Internal jugular vein.
Tributaries: corresponding to the branches of facial artery.
Communications:
(1) With the superior ophthalmic veins: at the medial angle of the eye.
(2) With the pterygoid plexus of veins: through the deep facial vein
Which passes backwards deep to the ramus of the mandible.
* The facial vein communicates through these two connections with
the cavernous sinus.
44. Dangerous Area of the Face
This includes the upper lip and the
lower part of the nose. It is drained
b y t h e f a c i a l v e i n , w h i c h
communicates with the cavernous
sinus. Infections of this area can
therefore, spread in retrograde
direction and cause thrombosis of
the cavernous sinus.
