6. Transfer immediately to ER if:
• unstable vital signs
• impaired mental status
• serious nonocular injuries
7.
8.
9. • driving a motor vehicle
• age < 50 years
• male sex
• associated basal skull fracture
• orbital fracture
• lid laceration or superficial eye injury.
Prior to taking a history and performing an examination focused on the eye focusing on any life-threatening injury
ophthalmologist is usually called for consultation after the patient is stabilized and may have no immediate role in the triage process
gunshot wound to the chest, fracture, closed head trauma
A careful examination must be conducted in all cases to exclude traumatic injury to the globe or orbit, retrobulbar haemorrhage or fractures to the orbital roof or base of the skull.