Weitere ähnliche Inhalte Ähnlich wie Spatial Information From Stone to Cloud (20) Kürzlich hochgeladen (20) Spatial Information From Stone to Cloud5. © RTA 2 010 T-O Maps A “T” and “O” map (“T-O”, with the letter T inside an O), is a type of medieval world map (7 th Century) The T is the Mediterranean, the Nile, and the Don (formerly called the Tanais) dividing the three continents, Asia, Europe and Africa, and the O is the encircling ocean. April, 2010 6. © RTA 2 010 Evolution of Spatial representation April, 2010 7. © RTA 2 010 Need for Spatial Analysis - An Early case Cholera Cases Soho, London 1854 Air Pollution or Drinking Water ? Map created by Dr. John Snow to locate the source of cholera cases April, 2010 10. © RTA 2 010 It’s always about “Where?”… Where is the traffic jam ? What are the reasons ? Where are the areas that will be damaged in case of flood ? What precautions to take in case of heavy rain ? Where are the areas damaged by earthquake ? How to plan rescue ? Where I have low revenue ? How to improve business ? Where is the best areas to build a mall, school, hospital...? What are the needs ? April, 2010 11. © RTA 2 010 GIS – Integrating Spatial with Technology April, 2010 12. 480585.5, 3769234.6 483194.1, 3768432.3 485285.8, 3768391.2 484327.4, 3768565.9 483874.7, 3769823.0 Hardcopy Maps Digital Data Coordinates Orthophotos GIS – Sources of Spatial Information GPS © RTA 2 010 April, 2010 Spatial Data 13. It’s not only a question of where ? It’s also a question of what ? What is it? Where is it? Attribute Information Location Information GIS – Model of Spatial Information © RTA 2 010 April, 2010 14. Attributes Geometry Behavior Topological Rules Each feature corresponds to a record in the attribute table GIS – Spatial Information Elements © RTA 2 010 April, 2010 Streets Building outlines must not overlap parcel outlines 15. © RTA 2 010 GIS – Functions Query Analyze Store Display Capture Output Buildings Streets Reality Customers April, 2010 16. © RTA 2 010 How GIS Helps ? April, 2010 19. Web GIS make it easy to share spatial information © RTA 2 010 April, 2010 Online Sharing Layer packages Other data Use in GIS Desktop Serve Author using GIS Desktop 20. Google and Microsoft are good examples of Web GIS Microsoft Bing Maps Google Maps © RTA 2 010 April, 2010 Google Earth 3D 21. © RTA 2 010 “ Mashup” Mashup is a web hybrid application that combines data from more than one source into an integrated experience. With Web-based mapping providers (e.g. google and bing), users can easily create a map-based mashup with little or no capital investment. April, 2010 22. © RTA 2010 Mashup – Where to rent a House ? April, 2010 23. © RTA 2010 Mashup – Where to book a hotel ? April, 2010 24. © RTA 2010 Mashup – E-bay, Where are my items ? April, 2010 25. © RTA 2010 Mashup – Where is my ship ? April, 2010 26. © RTA 2010 Mashup – Where to park my car ? April, 2010 27. © RTA 2010 Mashup – Where is my car ? April, 2010 28. © RTA 2010 Mashup – Where is the bus ? April, 2010 32. “ GIS on the Cloud” – GISCloud.com © RTA 2 010 April, 2010 33. “ GIS on the Cloud” – ArcGISOnline.com © RTA 2 010 April, 2010 34. “ GIS on the Cloud” – ArcGISOnline.com Public Cloud Application Infrastructure Platform © RTA 2 010 April, 2010 ArcGIS Desktop Web Maps ArcGIS Explorer ArcGIS Server ArcGIS Mobile ArcGIS Online Maps ArcGIS Online Services Business Analyst Online ArcGIS Online Sharing Online Support Resource Centers Hosted ArcGIS Server Online Data Centers 35. © RTA 2 010 Spatial Information Today “ People don’t need to know geography, they need to do geography…” Daniel C. Edelson Vice President for Education National Geographic Society April, 2010 Hinweis der Redaktion It is estimated that approximately 80% of all information has a "spatial" or geographic component. (In other words, most information is tied to a place.) Geometry Geometry represents the geographic features associated with real-world locations. Geographic features are abstracted into points, lines, or areas. Attributes Attributes provide descriptive characteristics of the geographic features. Behavior Behavior means geographic features can be made to follow certain types of editing, display, or analysis rules, depending on circumstances defined by the user.