1. Cinema Stuff & other useful
diagrams

2. Audience & Institution
• Audience = spectator, people who consume
(buy/watch) and interact with films and their
products
• Institution = body who makes something
(i.e. Sony & Sony Pictures) (i.e. a school)
• *you must discuss both in essay!

3. What are the film stages?

4. Film stages
• Production
• Marketing
• Distribution
• Exchange/exhibition

5. Film stages
Production Marketing Distribution Exchange/
exhibition
(institution to
audience)
-cinema
(mainstream/indie)
-home (dvd/blueray/pay
tv)
-download (itunes)
Exchange/
exhibition
(audience to
audience)
-piracy (download,
streaming)
-pop up cinema

6. Box office
• What does this mean?
• PROFITS FROM CINEMA TICKET SALES!
• (Which is the main source of income for films)
• The opening weekend tells a lot of how
successful a film will be

7. Cinema stats
• ___% of cinema audiences are aged 15-24
which makes them the main audiences to
target
• More than ______ of them go at least once a
month (ages 15-24)
• In 2012 the the UK box office took in over
£_______________
• _____ films were released in the UK in 2012,
which is about 12 titles per week

8. Cinema stats
• 29% of cinema audiences are aged 15-24
which makes them the main audiences to
target
• More than half of them go at least once a
month (ages 15-24)
• In 2012 the the UK box office took in over
£1 billion
• 646 films were released in the UK in 2012,
which is about 12 titles per week

9. But when do audiences go to cinema?
• Put in the order you think….
• Extension – add %’s

10. But when do audiences go to cinema?
• Saturday 24%
• Sunday 18%
• Friday 16%
• Wed 14%
• Mon/Tues/Thur 9%

11. Most popular/successful (made most money)
genres at box office in 2012 were…..
Genre Percent
36%
18%
14%
12%
4%
1%
Genres to choose from:
Animation
Genre
Action
Rom com
Comedy
drama
Genre Percent
ACTION 36%
COMEDY 18%
DRAMA 14%
ANIMATION 12%
HORROR 4%
ROM COM 1%

12. Marketing
• Who pays for marketing: distributors or
production companies?
• In 2012, over £_____________ was spent on P&A
(prints and advertising) by film _________s
• ‘Think like a Man’, ‘Hunger Games’ & ‘The
__________’ (huge action film) were the most tweeted
films in 2012

13. Marketing
• Who pays for marketing: distributors
• In 2012, over £300 million was spent on P&A
(prints and advertising) by film distributors
• ‘Think like a Man’, ‘Hunger Games’ & ‘The
Avengers’ (huge action film) were the most tweeted
films in 2012

14. What about the extra’s at the cinema?
• People spend approximately ___ minutes in
the cinema foyer
• About ___% of cinema’s profits come from
refreshments.
• People spend approximately 16 minutes in the
cinema foyer
• About 40% of cinema’s profits come from
refreshments.

15. Do the stars persuade you to go watch
films?
• Stars of 2012:
• Robert Patterson – twilight, cosmopolis
• Kristen Stewart – twilight, snowwhite,
• Emily blunt – muppets, 5 year engagement

16. Hollywood vs other
• Hollywood definitely dominate the industry
• Bollywood – ___% of UK box office
• Bollywood – 1% of UK box office

17. Big bad hollywood vs indie
• _____ dominates the film industry (Hollywood is the centre)
• ___ of every 10 films is American
• The major _________: Film __________ is dominated by film companies who are owned by
c___________s.
• The main 6 are:
– 1 Disney
– 2
– 3
– 4
– 5
• Some things we expect from Hollywood films are:
– 1
– 2
– 3
– 4
– 5
• Some things we expect from indie films are:
– 1
– 2
– 3
– 4
– 5

18. Big bad hollywood vs indie
• USA dominates the film industry (Hollywood is the centre)
• 9 of every 10 films is American
• The major studios: Film production is dominated by film companies who are owned by
conglomerates.
• The main 6 are:
– 1 Disney
– 2 sony/columbia
– 3 warner bros
– 4 paramount
– 5 universal (NBCUniversal)
• Some things we expect from Hollywood films are:
– huge budgets – from conglomerates
– Well known actors and directors
– Global (blanket) release
– Global themes appealing to mass audience
– Huge productions and special effects
• Director has less control (does what audience demand is, or what already is established to work)
• Some things we expect from indie films are:
– Small budgets – from multiple investors (not so risky this way)
– Not well known actors or directors (often first timers)
– Limited release (often in 1-3 countries)
– Specific themes (often quirky/controversial etc) which appeal to niche audiences
– Simple and to the point, no special effects as subject matter/content is more important
• Director has more creative control -

19. What about 3D?
• Top 3D films of 2012:
• 1
• 2
• 3
• 4
• 5
• For every £5 spent on any cinema ticket, 3D
accounts for £___ of that £5.

20. What about 3D?
• Top 3D films of 2012:
• 1 marvel avengers assembly
• 2 the hobbit: unexpected journey
• 3 prometheus
• 4 amazing spiderman
• 5 life of pi
• ***Notice how many are ‘franchise’ films!?
– Inherited audiences: less risk of losing money! (very expensive to make – high
production costs)
• For every £5 spent on any cinema ticket, 3D accounts for £1 of that £5.

21. Top films at cinema
• Do you watch your favourite films at cinema?
• Top films in 2012 were:
– 1.
– 2.
– 3.
• The top 3 films total box office takings accounted
to ___% of ALL box office takings in 2012, which
is about £1 in every £___.

22. Top films at cinema
• Do you watch your favourite films at cinema?
• Top films in 2012 were:
– 1. Skyfall
– 2. Darknight Rises
– 3. Avengers Assemble
*notice the genre!?
• The top 3 films total box office takings accounted
to 18% of ALL box office takings in 2012, which is
about £1 in every £6.

23. Going to the cinema is social!
• Most people go with friends
• It’s a SHARED experience
– (________ audience theory (why people seek the media) –
integration and social interaction!!!)
• Most people to cinema with average of ___ people
• It’s a SHARED experience
– (McQuail audience theory (why people seek the media) –
integration and social interaction!!!)
• Most people to cinema with average of 3 people

24. Home or cinema?
• Which do you prefer and why?
• ___% of films are viewed at cinema
• BBC iplayer had ___ million requests everyDAY
in 2012 – shows that it’s hugely _________.
• On average people watch about _____
hours/minutes of TV a day
• ___% of TV sets sold in UK are ‘supersized’

25. Home or cinema?
• Which do you prefer and why?
• 4% of films are viewed at cinema
• BBC iplayer had 6 million requests everyDAY in 2012 –
shows that it’s hugely popular.
• On average people watch about 4 hours of TV a day
• 35% of TV sets sold in UK are ‘supersized’
• What does this say about film exhibition? (that people
watch more films at home? Relate to TC if you can…. Why
did/is cinema doing so badly?
• 2012 had the WORST cinema attendance in history!

26. The cost of films (exc/exh)

27. Do you buy DVD after cinema?
• ___% of consumers bought the DVD of a film
they have already seen at cinema

28. Films online?
• ___% of 16-30 year olds believe film content should be free
when accessing online
– What’s the debates about this?
– Pro:
– Cons:
• The 3 most pirated films of 2012 were:
– Project X (8.2 million downloads)
– ________________ (8.5 million downloads)
• A franchise action film
– ________________ (8.2 million downloads)
• A big superhero film
• What type of genre are these films? Who is their target audience and
how could this link to piracy?

29. Films online?
• 60% of 16-30 year olds believe film content should be free when accessing online
– What’s the debates about this?
– Pro: all types of groups would be able to experience film and see a wider range of films
– Cons: industry wont make money – if they don’t – can’t do their jobs because there is no
money! They need to make money to operate (esp the indie industry)
• The 3 most pirated films of 2012 were:
– Project X (8.2 million downloads)
– Mission Impossible: Ghost Protocol (8.5 million downloads)
• A franchise action film
– The Dark Knight Rises (8.2 million downloads)
• A big superhero film
– *Remember the dark knight invested LOADS in anti-piracy with the goggles in the opening weekend because they
knew people would try to pirate it (if done on opening weekend – sales drop later (because people get it online)
• What type of genre are these films? Who is their target audience and how could this link to piracy?
Action
Male 16-25
Nerdy geeks who are technological saavy!

30. Other useful diagrams

31. Film distribution options

32. Film profits

33. Distribution process
(bit complex but just to get idea)

34. Film stages and processes
Exchange/exhibition

35. Indie films

36. Distribution

37. D/E roles and companies

38. D/E ‘ultraviolet’

39. Cinema configuration (set up)
for exhibition

40. P/D/E & profits

41. Exchange/exhibition
(American tho)

42. Exhibition – what do institutions pay?

43. Piracy process

44. Piracy debates