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1. Artificial Intelligence
By:
Mirza Jahanzeb Beg
Department of Psychology
Lovely Professional University

2. What Is Artificial Intelligence?
• Artificial Intelligence is a method of making a
computer, a computer-controlled robot, or a
software think intelligently like the human
mind. AI is accomplished by studying the
patterns of the human brain and by analyzing
the cognitive process. The outcome of these
studies develops intelligent software and
systems.

3. A Brief History of Artificial Intelligence
• 1956 - John McCarthy coined the term
‘artificial intelligence’ and had the first AI
conference.
• 1969 - Shakey was the first general-purpose
mobile robot built. It is now able to do things
with a purpose vs. just a list of instructions.

4. A Brief History of Artificial Intelligence
• 1997 - Supercomputer ‘Deep Blue’ was designed,
and it defeated the world champion chess player in a
match. It was a massive milestone by IBM to create
this large computer.
• 2002 - The first commercially successful robotic
vacuum cleaner was created.
• 2005 - 2019 - Today, we have speech recognition,
robotic process automation (RPA), a dancing robot,
smart homes, and other innovations make their
debut.

5. A Brief History of Artificial Intelligence
• 2020 - Baidu releases the Linear Fold AI algorithm to
medical and scientific and medical teams developing
a vaccine during the early stages of the SARS-CoV-2
(COVID-19) pandemic. The algorithm can predict the
RNA sequence of the virus in only 27 seconds, which
is 120 times faster than other methods.

6. Types of Artificial Intelligence
1. Purely Reactive
These machines do not have any memory or
data to work with, specializing in just one field
of work. For example, in a chess game, the
machine observes the moves and makes the
best possible decision to win.

7. Types of Artificial Intelligence
2. Limited Memory
These machines collect previous data and
continue adding it to their memory. They have
enough memory or experience to make
proper decisions, but memory is minimal. For
example, this machine can suggest a
restaurant based on the location data that has
been gathered.

8. Types of Artificial Intelligence
3. Theory of Mind
This kind of AI can understand thoughts and
emotions, as well as interact socially. However,
a machine based on this type is yet to be
built.

9. Types of Artificial Intelligence
4. Self-Aware
Self-aware machines are the future generation
of these new technologies. They will be
intelligent, sentient, and conscious.

10. How Does Artificial Intelligence Work?
• Put simply, AI systems work by merging large
with intelligent, iterative processing
algorithms.
• This combination allows AI to learn from
patterns and features in the analyzed data.
• Each time an Artificial Intelligence system
performs a round of data processing, it tests
and measures its performance and uses the
results to develop additional expertise.

11. Difference Between Artificial
Intelligence and Human Intelligence
• Artificial intelligence (AI) and human
intelligence delve into cognitive functions such
as memory, problem-solving, learning,
planning, language, reasoning, and
perception.
• Human intelligence is better at multi-tasking
and it can incorporate emotional elements,
human interaction, as well as self-awareness
in the cognitive process.

12. What is Human Intelligence?
• Human intelligence is characterized by highly
complex cognitive processes such as concept-
formation, understanding, decision-making,
communication, and problem-solving. It is also
markedly influenced by subjective factors such
as motivation. Human intelligence is
commonly measured through IQ tests which
typically covers working memory, verbal
comprehension, processing speed, and
perceptual reasoning.

13. Theories of Intelligence
• Psychometric Theory: intelligence is a measurable trait
that can be assessed through standardized tests
• Multiple Intelligences Theory: intelligence is comprised
of distinct types of abilities, such as linguistic, logical-
mathematical, spatial, musical, bodily-kinesthetic,
interpersonal, and intrapersonal
• Triarchic Theory: intelligence is comprised of three
components: analytical intelligence (analyzing
information), creative intelligence (generating new
ideas), and practical intelligence (applying knowledge
to real-world situations)

14. Theories of Intelligence (Contd.)
• Emotional Intelligence Theory: intelligence includes the
ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions
effectively
• Theory of Successful Intelligence: intelligence involves a
balance of analytical, creative, and practical abilities in
order to adapt to different situations and achieve personal
goals
• Information Processing Theory: intelligence involves the
ability to process and organize information, including
memory, attention, and problem-solving skills
• Theory of General Intelligence (g-factor): intelligence is a
single, underlying factor that influences performance on
various cognitive tasks.

15. Difference between Artificial
Intelligence and Human Intelligence
• Origin of AI and Human Intelligence
AI is an innovation created by human intelligence;
its early development is credited to Norbert Weiner
who theorized on feedback mechanisms while the
father of AI is John McCarthy for coining the term
and organizing the first conference on research
projects regarding machine intelligence. On the
other hand, human beings are created with the
innate ability to think, reason, recall, etc.

16. • Speed of AI and Human Intelligence
As compared to humans, computers can process
more information at a faster rate. For instance, if
the human mind can solve a math problem in 5
minutes, AI can solve 10 problems in a minute.
• Decision Making
AI is highly objective in decision making as it
analyzes based on purely gathered data. However,
humans’ decisions may be influenced by subjective
elements which are not based on figures alone.

17. • Accuracy
AI often produces accurate results as it functions
based on a set of programmed rules. As for
human intelligence, there is usually a room for
“human error” as certain details may be missed
at one point or the other.
• Energy Used
The human brain uses about 25 watts while
modern computers only generally use 2 watts.

18. • Adaptation of AI and Human Intelligence
Human intelligence can be flexible in response to the
changes to its environment. This makes people able to
learn and master various skills. On the other hand, AI
takes much more time to adapt to new changes.
• Multitasking
The human intellect supports multitasking as evidenced
by diverse and simultaneous roles while AI can only
perform fewer tasks at the same time as a system can
only learn responsibilities one at a time.

19. • Self-Awareness
AI is still working on its ability regarding self-awareness
while humans become naturally aware of themselves and
strive to establish their identities as they mature.
• Social Interaction
As social beings, humans are much better at social
interaction since they can process abstract information,
have self-awareness, and are sensitive to others’
emotions. On the other hand, AI has not mastered the
ability to pick up on pertinent social and emotional cues.

20. • General Function
The general function of human intelligence is
innovation as it can create, collaborate,
brainstorm, and implement. As for AI, its general
function is more on optimization as it efficiently
performs tasks according to how it is
programmed.

22. Summary of AI Vs. Human
Intelligence
• Artificial intelligence (AI) and human intelligence delve into
cognitive functions such as memory, problem-solving,
learning, planning, language, reasoning, and perception.
• AI is also sometimes referred to as machine intelligence. It
was founded as an academic discipline in 1956 which is also
the same year when the term “artificial intelligence” was
coined by John McCarthy.
• The four types of AI are reactive machines, limited memory,
theory of mind, and self-awareness.
• Human intelligence is commonly measured through IQ tests
which typically covers working memory, verbal
comprehension, processing speed, and perceptual
reasoning.

23. • Some of the theories on human intelligence are
multiple intelligence, triarchic, and PASS.
• As compared to human intelligence, AI can
process information faster using less energy.
• AI is more objective and accurate than human
intelligence.
• Human intelligence is better at multitasking,
adapting, social interaction and self-awareness
than AI.
• The general function of AI is optimization while
that of human intelligence is innovation.

24. Thank You
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