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PHP Object Oriented Concepts
PHP 4, PHP 5 & PHP 6 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.mindfiresolutions.com   |  www.twitter.com/mindfires   |  http:// wikipedia.org/wiki/mindfire_solutions
Step by Step Process ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.mindfiresolutions.com   |  www.twitter.com/mindfires   |  http:// wikipedia.org/wiki/mindfire_solutions
Object Oriented PHP How to develop a OO PHP ??   to get into this we are going to divide the process into 22 steps by which we can get a basic idea to develop an application in OOP Concepts. STEP 1 First lets create 2 PHP files index.php class_lib.php  OOP is all about creating modular code, so our object oriented PHP code will be contained in dedicated files that we will then insert into our normal PHP page using PHP 'includes'.  In this case, all our OO PHP code will be in the PHP file:  class_lib.php In OOP codes revolves around a 'class',  Classes are the templates that are used to define objects. STEP 2 Create a simple PHP class (in class_lib.php) Instead of having a bunch of functions, variables and code floating around, to design our PHP scripts in the OOP way, we need to create our own classes. keyword 'class'   www.mindfiresolutions.com   |  www.twitter.com/mindfires   |  http:// wikipedia.org/wiki/mindfire_solutions
STEP 2  ( conti ...) <?php class   classname  { } ?> STEP 3  (add data to your class)  Classes are the blueprints for php objects. One of the big differences between functions and classes is that a class contains both data (variables) and functions that form a package called an: 'object'. When you create a variable inside a class, it is called a ' property '.  <?php class   classname  { // var $name is called as properties of class var keyword var  $name;  } ?> www.mindfiresolutions.com   |  www.twitter.com/mindfires   |  http:// wikipedia.org/wiki/mindfire_solutions
STEP 4  (add functions/methods to your class)  Functions also referred by different name when created inside a class - they are called ' methods '.  A class's methods are used to manipulate its own data / properties.   <?php class  mfs_employee  { var  $name; function  set_name($new_name)  { $this -> name  =  $new_name; } function  get_name()  { return   $this -> name; } } ?> www.mindfiresolutions.com   |  www.twitter.com/mindfires   |  http:// wikipedia.org/wiki/mindfire_solutions
STEP 5  (getter and setter functions)  We've created two interesting functions/methods:  get_name()  and  set_name() . These methods follow a common OOP convention that you see in many languages (including Java and Ruby) - where you create methods to  'set'  and  'get'  properties in a class. NOTE :  Another convention (a naming convention,) is that getter and setter names should match the property names.  This way, when other PHP programmers want to use your objects, they will know that if you have a method/function called 'set_name()', there will be a property/variable called 'name'.  <?php class  mfs_employee  { var  $name; function  set_name($new_name)  { $this -> name  =  $new_name; } function  get_name()  { return   $this -> name; } } ?> www.mindfiresolutions.com   |  www.twitter.com/mindfires   |  http:// wikipedia.org/wiki/mindfire_solutions
STEP 6  (The '$this' variable)  $this -> name  =  $new_name; $this  is a built-in variable which points to the current object. Or in other words,  $this  is a special  self-referencing variable . We use  $this  to access properties and to call other methods of the current class. STEP 7  (Use our class in our main PHP page : index.php )  We should not create the PHP classes in our main page, else it will break the main purpose of building applications in OOP. So in index.php include the file (  class_lib.php  )  <?php   include (' class_lib.php' );  ?> www.mindfiresolutions.com   |  www.twitter.com/mindfires   |  http:// wikipedia.org/wiki/mindfire_solutions
STEP 8  (  Instantiate/create your object  )  Classes are the blueprints/templates of php objects. Classes don't actually become objects until you do something called: instantiation. When you  instantiate  a class, you create an instance of it ... thus creating the  object . In other words, instantiation is the process of creating an instance of an object in memory.  What memory?  The server's memory of course! <?php $obj_mfsemp  =   new  mfs_employee(); ?> Note:   The variable  $obj_mfsemp  becomes a handle/reference to our newly created  mfs_employee   class. It is a 'handle', because we will use  $obj_mfsemp  to control and use the  mfs_employee   class. www.mindfiresolutions.com   |  www.twitter.com/mindfires   |  http:// wikipedia.org/wiki/mindfire_solutions
STEP 9  ( new keyword  )  To create an  object  out of a class, you need to use the ' new ' keyword.  When creating/instantiating a class, we can  optionally  add brackets to the class name, as below example. To be clear, we can see in the code below how we create multiple objects from the same class. From the PHP's engine point of view, each  object  is its own  entity . <?php $obj_mfsemp1  =  new  mfs_employee (); $obj_mfsemp2  =  new  mfs_employee ; ?> www.mindfiresolutions.com   |  www.twitter.com/mindfires   |  http:// wikipedia.org/wiki/mindfire_solutions
STEP 10  ( Set an objects properties  )  Now that we've created/instantiated our two separate ' mfs_employee ' objects, we can set their properties using the methods (the setters) we created. Please keep in mind that though both our  mfs_employee  objects ( $obj_mfsemp1  and  $obj_mfsemp2 ) are based on the same ' mfs_employee ' class, as far as php is concerned, they are totally different objects. <?php $obj_mfsemp1  =  new  mfs_employee (); $obj_mfsemp2  =  new  mfs_employee ; $obj_mfsemp1 -> set_name ( &quot;Abinash Grahacharya&quot; ); $obj_mfsemp2 -> set_name ( &quot;Amitabh Pattnaik&quot; ); ?> www.mindfiresolutions.com   |  www.twitter.com/mindfires   |  http:// wikipedia.org/wiki/mindfire_solutions
STEP 11  ( Accessing an object's data  )  Now we use the getter methods to access the data held in our  objects  … this is the same data we inserted into our objects using the setter methods.  When accessing methods and properties of a class, we use the arrow  (->) operator.  <?php $obj_mfsemp1  =  new  mfs_employee (); $obj_mfsemp2  =  new  mfs_employee ; //setting values in the object $obj_mfsemp1 -> set_name ( &quot;Abinash Grahacharya&quot; ); $obj_mfsemp2 -> set_name ( &quot;Amitabh Pattnaik&quot; ); //getting each values from the object echo   $obj_mfsemp1  ->   get_name(); echo   &quot;<br />&quot; ; echo  $obj_mfsemp2   ->   get_name(); ?> www.mindfiresolutions.com   |  www.twitter.com/mindfires   |  http:// wikipedia.org/wiki/mindfire_solutions
In this  short period of time, we have covered Designed a PHP class. Generate/created a couple of objects based on your class. Inserted data into your objects. Retrieved data from your objects. Lets now focus on PHP  OBJECT . www.mindfiresolutions.com   |  www.twitter.com/mindfires   |  http:// wikipedia.org/wiki/mindfire_solutions
STEP 12  ( Directly accessing properties -  don't do it!  )  We don't have to use methods to access objects properties; you can directly get to them using the arrow operator (->) and the name of the variable. For example:  with the property  $name  (in object  $obj_mfsemp1 ,) we can get its' value like : <?php echo  $obj_mfsemp1 -> name ; ?> NOTE :  Though doable, it is considered bad practice to do it because it can lead to trouble down the road. We should use getter methods instead. www.mindfiresolutions.com   |  www.twitter.com/mindfires   |  http:// wikipedia.org/wiki/mindfire_solutions
STEP 13  ( Constructor  )  All objects can have a special built-in method called  a ' constructor '. Constructors allow you to initialize your object's properties  (give values to properties)  when we instantiate (create) an  object .  Note:  If you create a  __construct()  function PHP will automatically call the  __construct()  method/function when you create an  object  from your class. The 'construct' method starts with two underscores  (__)  and the word ' construct '.  <?php class  mfs_employee  { var  $name; f unction  __construct($con_name)  { $this -> name  =  $con_name; } function  set_name($new_name)  { $this -> name  =  $new_name; } function  get_name()  { return   $this -> name; } } ?> www.mindfiresolutions.com   |  www.twitter.com/mindfires   |  http:// wikipedia.org/wiki/mindfire_solutions
STEP 14  ( Create an object with a constructor  )  Now that we've created a constructor method, we can provide a value for the  $name  property when we create our  objects  for the class  mfs_employee .  We 'feed' the constructor method by providing a list of arguments (like we do with a function) after the class name at the time of object declaration. Not a constructor <?php $obj_mfsemp1  =  new  mfs_employee (); ?> When have constructor <?php $obj_con_mfsemp3  =  new  mfs_employee (“Abinash Grahacharya”); ?> www.mindfiresolutions.com   |  www.twitter.com/mindfires   |  http:// wikipedia.org/wiki/mindfire_solutions
STEP 15  ( access modifiers  )  One of the fundamental principles in OOP is ' encapsulation '. The idea is that we create cleaner better code, if you restrict access to the data structures ( properties ) in our objects.  Encapsulation :  Storing  data/properties  and  functions/methods  in a single unit (class) is encapsulation. Data cannot be accessible to the outside world and only those functions which are stored in the class can access it. We restrict access to class properties using something called ' access modifiers '. There are 3  access modifiers : 1. public 2. private 3. protected ' Public ' is the default modifier. www.mindfiresolutions.com   |  www.twitter.com/mindfires   |  http:// wikipedia.org/wiki/mindfire_solutions
STEP 15  ( access modifiers  ) conti... <?php class  mfs_employee  { var  $name; public  $designation =  'SW Engineer' ; protected  $standard_charted_pin =  '756472' ; private  $gps_password =  'mindfire' ; f unction  __construct($con_name)  { $this -> name  =  $con_name; } function  set_name($new_name)  { $this -> name  =  $new_name; } function  get_name()  { return   $this -> name; } } / /NOTE : when ever we are using var it is treated as public ?> www.mindfiresolutions.com   |  www.twitter.com/mindfires   |  http:// wikipedia.org/wiki/mindfire_solutions
STEP 16  ( Restricting access to properties  )  Properties declared as ' public ' have no access restrictions, meaning anyone can access them. When you declare a property as ' private ', only the same class can access the property. When a property is declared ' protected ', only the same class and classes derived from that class can access the property - this has to do with inheritance  <?php $obj_mfsemp1  =  new  mfs_employee (“Mindfire”); echo  $obj_mfsemp1 ->  get_name(); //when we try to access private or public properties outside class will through Fatal Error echo  $obj_mfsemp1 ->  standard_charted_pin; ?> www.mindfiresolutions.com   |  www.twitter.com/mindfires   |  http:// wikipedia.org/wiki/mindfire_solutions
STEP 17  ( Restricting access to methods  )  Like properties, you can control access to methods using one of the three access modifiers: 1. public 2. protected 3. private <?php class  mfs_employee  { var  $name; public  $designation =  'SW Engineer' ; protected  $standard_charted_pin =  '756472' ; private  $gps_password =  'mindfire' ; private function  getpin()  { return   $this -> standard_charted_pin   ; } } ?> Since the method  getpin()  is ' private ', the only place you can use this method is in the same class - typically in another method in class. If we wanted to call/use this method directly in our PHP pages, we  need to declare it as ' public '. www.mindfiresolutions.com   |  www.twitter.com/mindfires   |  http:// wikipedia.org/wiki/mindfire_solutions
STEP 18  ( Inheritance - reusing code the OOP way  )  Inheritance is a fundamental capability/construct in OOP where you can use one class, as the base/basis for another class … or many other classes. Why do it? Doing this allows help to efficiently reuse the code found in our base class. Say, you wanted to create a new ' sales_people ' class … since we can say that ' mfs_employee ' is a type/kind of 'peoples', they will share common properties and methods. In this type of situation, inheritance can make our code lighter … because we are reusing the same code in two different classes. 1. You only have to type the code out once. 2. The actual code being reused, can be reused in many classes but it is only typed out in one place … conceptually, this is sort-of like PHP includes(). www.mindfiresolutions.com   |  www.twitter.com/mindfires   |  http:// wikipedia.org/wiki/mindfire_solutions
STEP 18  ( Inheritance - reusing code the OOP way  )  conti.. // 'extends' is the keyword that enables inheritance class  sales_people extends mfs_employee { function  __construct($employee_name)  { $this  ->  set_name($employee_name); } } <?php class  mfs_employee  { var  $name; public  $designation =  'SW Engineer' ; protected  $standard_charted_pin =  '756472' ; private  $gps_password =  'mindfire' ; f unction  __construct($con_name)  { $this -> name  =  $con_name; } function  set_name($new_name)  { $this -> name  =  $new_name; } function  get_name()  { return   $this -> name; } } / /NOTE : when ever we are using var it is treated as public ?> www.mindfiresolutions.com   |  www.twitter.com/mindfires   |  http:// wikipedia.org/wiki/mindfire_solutions
STEP 19  ( Inheritance - reusing code the OOP way how to access  )  Because the class ' sales_people ' is based on the class ' mfs_employee ', ' sales_people ' automatically has all the  public  and  protected,   properties  and  methods  of ' mfs_employee ' class. Notice how we are able to use  set_name()  in ' sales_people ', even though we did not declare that method in the ' sales_people ' class. That's because we already created  set_name()  in the class ' mfs_employee '. Note:  the ' sales_people ' class is called children the 'base' class or the ' mfs_employee ' class because it's the class that the ' sales_people ' is based on. This class hierarchy can become important down the road when our projects become more complex.  // 'extends' is the keyword that enables inheritance class  sales_people extends mfs_employee { function  __construct($employee_name)  { $this  ->  set_name($employee_name); } } www.mindfiresolutions.com   |  www.twitter.com/mindfires   |  http:// wikipedia.org/wiki/mindfire_solutions
STEP 20  ( Inheritance - reusing code the OOP way- How to access  )  <?php class  mfs_employee  { var  $name; public  $designation =  'SW Engineer' ; protected  $standard_charted_pin =  '756472' ; private  $gps_password =  'mindfire' ; f unction  __construct($con_name)  { $this -> name  =  $con_name; } function  set_name($new_name)  { $this -> name  =  $new_name; } function  get_name()  { return   $this -> name; } } / /NOTE : when ever we are using var it is treated as public ?> // 'extends' is the keyword that enables inheritance class  sales_people extends mfs_employee { function  __construct($employee_name)  { $this  ->  set_name($employee_name); } } //In PHP file <?php $sp_obj_c2  =   new  sales_people( &quot;class2 names&quot; );  echo  $sp_obj_c2  ->  get_name() ; ?> This is a classic example of how OOP can reduce the number of lines of code (don't have to write the same methods twice) while still keeping your code modular and much easier to maintain.  www.mindfiresolutions.com   |  www.twitter.com/mindfires   |  http:// wikipedia.org/wiki/mindfire_solutions
STEP 21  ( Overriding  Methods  )  Sometimes (when using inheritance,) we may need to change how a method works from the base class. For example, let's say  set_name()  method in the ' sales_people ' class, have to do something different than what it does in the ' mfs_employee ' class.  We have to  ' override ' the '' mfs_employee ' classes version of  set_name() , by declaring the same method in ' sales_people '.   // 'extends' is the keyword that enables inheritance class  sales_people extends mfs_employee { function  __construct($employee_name)  { $this  ->  set_name($employee_name); } function  set_name($new_name)  { if ($new_name[0] == &quot;S&quot;)  { $this->name = $new_name; } } } //In PHP file <?php $sp_obj_c2  =   new  sales_people( &quot;class2 names&quot; );  echo  $sp_obj_c2  ->  get_name() ; $sp_obj_c2  =   new  sales_people( &quot;So Check it&quot; );  echo  $sp_obj_c2  ->  get_name() ; ?> www.mindfiresolutions.com   |  www.twitter.com/mindfires   |  http:// wikipedia.org/wiki/mindfire_solutions
STEP 22  ( Overriding  Methods  ) cont..  Sometimes we may need to access our base class's version of a method  over lode in the derived (sometimes called 'child') class. In our example, we overrode the  set_name()  method in the ' sales_people ' class. Now We have to used the following code :   mfs_employee :: set_name($new_name); to access the parent class' ( mfs_employee ) version of the  set_name()  method // 'extends' is the keyword that enables inheritance class  sales_people extends mfs_employee { function  __construct($employee_name)  { $this  ->  set_name($employee_name); } function  set_name($new_name)  { if ($new_name == &quot;Stefan Sucks&quot;)  { $this->name = $new_name; } } function   set_name_old_style($new_name)  {   mfs_employee :: set_name($new_name); } } ::  will tell to PHP  to search for  set_name()  in the 'base' class.  www.mindfiresolutions.com   |  www.twitter.com/mindfires   |  http:// wikipedia.org/wiki/mindfire_solutions
STEP 22  ( Overriding  Methods  ) cont..  Also by using the  parent  keyword we can call the parent methods if it is overloaded // 'extends' is the keyword that enables inheritance class  sales_people extends mfs_employee { function  __construct($employee_name)  { $this  ->  set_name($employee_name); } function  set_name($new_name)  { if ($new_name == &quot;Stefan Sucks&quot;)  { $this->name = $new_name; } } function   set_name_old_style($new_name)  {   parent :: set_name($new_name); } } www.mindfiresolutions.com   |  www.twitter.com/mindfires   |  http:// wikipedia.org/wiki/mindfire_solutions
Our Expertise in PHP ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.mindfiresolutions.com   |  www.twitter.com/mindfires   |  http:// wikipedia.org/wiki/mindfire_solutions
Thank you for viewing the slides. Hope it did add value. www.mindfiresolutions.com   |  www.twitter.com/mindfires   |  http:// wikipedia.org/wiki/mindfire_solutions   For further queries  contact us   or call 1-248-686-1424 www.mindfiresolutions.com

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Oops in PHP

  • 2.
  • 3.
  • 4. Object Oriented PHP How to develop a OO PHP ?? to get into this we are going to divide the process into 22 steps by which we can get a basic idea to develop an application in OOP Concepts. STEP 1 First lets create 2 PHP files index.php class_lib.php OOP is all about creating modular code, so our object oriented PHP code will be contained in dedicated files that we will then insert into our normal PHP page using PHP 'includes'. In this case, all our OO PHP code will be in the PHP file: class_lib.php In OOP codes revolves around a 'class', Classes are the templates that are used to define objects. STEP 2 Create a simple PHP class (in class_lib.php) Instead of having a bunch of functions, variables and code floating around, to design our PHP scripts in the OOP way, we need to create our own classes. keyword 'class' www.mindfiresolutions.com | www.twitter.com/mindfires | http:// wikipedia.org/wiki/mindfire_solutions
  • 5. STEP 2 ( conti ...) <?php class classname { } ?> STEP 3 (add data to your class) Classes are the blueprints for php objects. One of the big differences between functions and classes is that a class contains both data (variables) and functions that form a package called an: 'object'. When you create a variable inside a class, it is called a ' property '. <?php class classname { // var $name is called as properties of class var keyword var $name; } ?> www.mindfiresolutions.com | www.twitter.com/mindfires | http:// wikipedia.org/wiki/mindfire_solutions
  • 6. STEP 4 (add functions/methods to your class) Functions also referred by different name when created inside a class - they are called ' methods '. A class's methods are used to manipulate its own data / properties. <?php class mfs_employee { var $name; function set_name($new_name) { $this -> name = $new_name; } function get_name() { return $this -> name; } } ?> www.mindfiresolutions.com | www.twitter.com/mindfires | http:// wikipedia.org/wiki/mindfire_solutions
  • 7. STEP 5 (getter and setter functions) We've created two interesting functions/methods: get_name() and set_name() . These methods follow a common OOP convention that you see in many languages (including Java and Ruby) - where you create methods to 'set' and 'get' properties in a class. NOTE : Another convention (a naming convention,) is that getter and setter names should match the property names. This way, when other PHP programmers want to use your objects, they will know that if you have a method/function called 'set_name()', there will be a property/variable called 'name'. <?php class mfs_employee { var $name; function set_name($new_name) { $this -> name = $new_name; } function get_name() { return $this -> name; } } ?> www.mindfiresolutions.com | www.twitter.com/mindfires | http:// wikipedia.org/wiki/mindfire_solutions
  • 8. STEP 6 (The '$this' variable) $this -> name = $new_name; $this is a built-in variable which points to the current object. Or in other words, $this is a special self-referencing variable . We use $this to access properties and to call other methods of the current class. STEP 7 (Use our class in our main PHP page : index.php ) We should not create the PHP classes in our main page, else it will break the main purpose of building applications in OOP. So in index.php include the file ( class_lib.php ) <?php include (' class_lib.php' ); ?> www.mindfiresolutions.com | www.twitter.com/mindfires | http:// wikipedia.org/wiki/mindfire_solutions
  • 9. STEP 8 ( Instantiate/create your object ) Classes are the blueprints/templates of php objects. Classes don't actually become objects until you do something called: instantiation. When you instantiate a class, you create an instance of it ... thus creating the object . In other words, instantiation is the process of creating an instance of an object in memory. What memory? The server's memory of course! <?php $obj_mfsemp = new mfs_employee(); ?> Note: The variable $obj_mfsemp becomes a handle/reference to our newly created mfs_employee class. It is a 'handle', because we will use $obj_mfsemp to control and use the mfs_employee class. www.mindfiresolutions.com | www.twitter.com/mindfires | http:// wikipedia.org/wiki/mindfire_solutions
  • 10. STEP 9 ( new keyword ) To create an object out of a class, you need to use the ' new ' keyword. When creating/instantiating a class, we can optionally add brackets to the class name, as below example. To be clear, we can see in the code below how we create multiple objects from the same class. From the PHP's engine point of view, each object is its own entity . <?php $obj_mfsemp1 = new mfs_employee (); $obj_mfsemp2 = new mfs_employee ; ?> www.mindfiresolutions.com | www.twitter.com/mindfires | http:// wikipedia.org/wiki/mindfire_solutions
  • 11. STEP 10 ( Set an objects properties ) Now that we've created/instantiated our two separate ' mfs_employee ' objects, we can set their properties using the methods (the setters) we created. Please keep in mind that though both our mfs_employee objects ( $obj_mfsemp1 and $obj_mfsemp2 ) are based on the same ' mfs_employee ' class, as far as php is concerned, they are totally different objects. <?php $obj_mfsemp1 = new mfs_employee (); $obj_mfsemp2 = new mfs_employee ; $obj_mfsemp1 -> set_name ( &quot;Abinash Grahacharya&quot; ); $obj_mfsemp2 -> set_name ( &quot;Amitabh Pattnaik&quot; ); ?> www.mindfiresolutions.com | www.twitter.com/mindfires | http:// wikipedia.org/wiki/mindfire_solutions
  • 12. STEP 11 ( Accessing an object's data ) Now we use the getter methods to access the data held in our objects … this is the same data we inserted into our objects using the setter methods. When accessing methods and properties of a class, we use the arrow (->) operator. <?php $obj_mfsemp1 = new mfs_employee (); $obj_mfsemp2 = new mfs_employee ; //setting values in the object $obj_mfsemp1 -> set_name ( &quot;Abinash Grahacharya&quot; ); $obj_mfsemp2 -> set_name ( &quot;Amitabh Pattnaik&quot; ); //getting each values from the object echo $obj_mfsemp1 -> get_name(); echo &quot;<br />&quot; ; echo $obj_mfsemp2 -> get_name(); ?> www.mindfiresolutions.com | www.twitter.com/mindfires | http:// wikipedia.org/wiki/mindfire_solutions
  • 13. In this short period of time, we have covered Designed a PHP class. Generate/created a couple of objects based on your class. Inserted data into your objects. Retrieved data from your objects. Lets now focus on PHP OBJECT . www.mindfiresolutions.com | www.twitter.com/mindfires | http:// wikipedia.org/wiki/mindfire_solutions
  • 14. STEP 12 ( Directly accessing properties - don't do it! ) We don't have to use methods to access objects properties; you can directly get to them using the arrow operator (->) and the name of the variable. For example: with the property $name (in object $obj_mfsemp1 ,) we can get its' value like : <?php echo $obj_mfsemp1 -> name ; ?> NOTE : Though doable, it is considered bad practice to do it because it can lead to trouble down the road. We should use getter methods instead. www.mindfiresolutions.com | www.twitter.com/mindfires | http:// wikipedia.org/wiki/mindfire_solutions
  • 15. STEP 13 ( Constructor ) All objects can have a special built-in method called a ' constructor '. Constructors allow you to initialize your object's properties (give values to properties) when we instantiate (create) an object . Note: If you create a __construct() function PHP will automatically call the __construct() method/function when you create an object from your class. The 'construct' method starts with two underscores (__) and the word ' construct '. <?php class mfs_employee { var $name; f unction __construct($con_name) { $this -> name = $con_name; } function set_name($new_name) { $this -> name = $new_name; } function get_name() { return $this -> name; } } ?> www.mindfiresolutions.com | www.twitter.com/mindfires | http:// wikipedia.org/wiki/mindfire_solutions
  • 16. STEP 14 ( Create an object with a constructor ) Now that we've created a constructor method, we can provide a value for the $name property when we create our objects for the class mfs_employee . We 'feed' the constructor method by providing a list of arguments (like we do with a function) after the class name at the time of object declaration. Not a constructor <?php $obj_mfsemp1 = new mfs_employee (); ?> When have constructor <?php $obj_con_mfsemp3 = new mfs_employee (“Abinash Grahacharya”); ?> www.mindfiresolutions.com | www.twitter.com/mindfires | http:// wikipedia.org/wiki/mindfire_solutions
  • 17. STEP 15 ( access modifiers ) One of the fundamental principles in OOP is ' encapsulation '. The idea is that we create cleaner better code, if you restrict access to the data structures ( properties ) in our objects. Encapsulation : Storing data/properties and functions/methods in a single unit (class) is encapsulation. Data cannot be accessible to the outside world and only those functions which are stored in the class can access it. We restrict access to class properties using something called ' access modifiers '. There are 3 access modifiers : 1. public 2. private 3. protected ' Public ' is the default modifier. www.mindfiresolutions.com | www.twitter.com/mindfires | http:// wikipedia.org/wiki/mindfire_solutions
  • 18. STEP 15 ( access modifiers ) conti... <?php class mfs_employee { var $name; public $designation = 'SW Engineer' ; protected $standard_charted_pin = '756472' ; private $gps_password = 'mindfire' ; f unction __construct($con_name) { $this -> name = $con_name; } function set_name($new_name) { $this -> name = $new_name; } function get_name() { return $this -> name; } } / /NOTE : when ever we are using var it is treated as public ?> www.mindfiresolutions.com | www.twitter.com/mindfires | http:// wikipedia.org/wiki/mindfire_solutions
  • 19. STEP 16 ( Restricting access to properties ) Properties declared as ' public ' have no access restrictions, meaning anyone can access them. When you declare a property as ' private ', only the same class can access the property. When a property is declared ' protected ', only the same class and classes derived from that class can access the property - this has to do with inheritance <?php $obj_mfsemp1 = new mfs_employee (“Mindfire”); echo $obj_mfsemp1 -> get_name(); //when we try to access private or public properties outside class will through Fatal Error echo $obj_mfsemp1 -> standard_charted_pin; ?> www.mindfiresolutions.com | www.twitter.com/mindfires | http:// wikipedia.org/wiki/mindfire_solutions
  • 20. STEP 17 ( Restricting access to methods ) Like properties, you can control access to methods using one of the three access modifiers: 1. public 2. protected 3. private <?php class mfs_employee { var $name; public $designation = 'SW Engineer' ; protected $standard_charted_pin = '756472' ; private $gps_password = 'mindfire' ; private function getpin() { return $this -> standard_charted_pin ; } } ?> Since the method getpin() is ' private ', the only place you can use this method is in the same class - typically in another method in class. If we wanted to call/use this method directly in our PHP pages, we need to declare it as ' public '. www.mindfiresolutions.com | www.twitter.com/mindfires | http:// wikipedia.org/wiki/mindfire_solutions
  • 21. STEP 18 ( Inheritance - reusing code the OOP way ) Inheritance is a fundamental capability/construct in OOP where you can use one class, as the base/basis for another class … or many other classes. Why do it? Doing this allows help to efficiently reuse the code found in our base class. Say, you wanted to create a new ' sales_people ' class … since we can say that ' mfs_employee ' is a type/kind of 'peoples', they will share common properties and methods. In this type of situation, inheritance can make our code lighter … because we are reusing the same code in two different classes. 1. You only have to type the code out once. 2. The actual code being reused, can be reused in many classes but it is only typed out in one place … conceptually, this is sort-of like PHP includes(). www.mindfiresolutions.com | www.twitter.com/mindfires | http:// wikipedia.org/wiki/mindfire_solutions
  • 22. STEP 18 ( Inheritance - reusing code the OOP way ) conti.. // 'extends' is the keyword that enables inheritance class sales_people extends mfs_employee { function __construct($employee_name) { $this -> set_name($employee_name); } } <?php class mfs_employee { var $name; public $designation = 'SW Engineer' ; protected $standard_charted_pin = '756472' ; private $gps_password = 'mindfire' ; f unction __construct($con_name) { $this -> name = $con_name; } function set_name($new_name) { $this -> name = $new_name; } function get_name() { return $this -> name; } } / /NOTE : when ever we are using var it is treated as public ?> www.mindfiresolutions.com | www.twitter.com/mindfires | http:// wikipedia.org/wiki/mindfire_solutions
  • 23. STEP 19 ( Inheritance - reusing code the OOP way how to access ) Because the class ' sales_people ' is based on the class ' mfs_employee ', ' sales_people ' automatically has all the public and protected, properties and methods of ' mfs_employee ' class. Notice how we are able to use set_name() in ' sales_people ', even though we did not declare that method in the ' sales_people ' class. That's because we already created set_name() in the class ' mfs_employee '. Note: the ' sales_people ' class is called children the 'base' class or the ' mfs_employee ' class because it's the class that the ' sales_people ' is based on. This class hierarchy can become important down the road when our projects become more complex. // 'extends' is the keyword that enables inheritance class sales_people extends mfs_employee { function __construct($employee_name) { $this -> set_name($employee_name); } } www.mindfiresolutions.com | www.twitter.com/mindfires | http:// wikipedia.org/wiki/mindfire_solutions
  • 24. STEP 20 ( Inheritance - reusing code the OOP way- How to access ) <?php class mfs_employee { var $name; public $designation = 'SW Engineer' ; protected $standard_charted_pin = '756472' ; private $gps_password = 'mindfire' ; f unction __construct($con_name) { $this -> name = $con_name; } function set_name($new_name) { $this -> name = $new_name; } function get_name() { return $this -> name; } } / /NOTE : when ever we are using var it is treated as public ?> // 'extends' is the keyword that enables inheritance class sales_people extends mfs_employee { function __construct($employee_name) { $this -> set_name($employee_name); } } //In PHP file <?php $sp_obj_c2 = new sales_people( &quot;class2 names&quot; ); echo $sp_obj_c2 -> get_name() ; ?> This is a classic example of how OOP can reduce the number of lines of code (don't have to write the same methods twice) while still keeping your code modular and much easier to maintain. www.mindfiresolutions.com | www.twitter.com/mindfires | http:// wikipedia.org/wiki/mindfire_solutions
  • 25. STEP 21 ( Overriding Methods ) Sometimes (when using inheritance,) we may need to change how a method works from the base class. For example, let's say set_name() method in the ' sales_people ' class, have to do something different than what it does in the ' mfs_employee ' class. We have to ' override ' the '' mfs_employee ' classes version of set_name() , by declaring the same method in ' sales_people '. // 'extends' is the keyword that enables inheritance class sales_people extends mfs_employee { function __construct($employee_name) { $this -> set_name($employee_name); } function set_name($new_name) { if ($new_name[0] == &quot;S&quot;) { $this->name = $new_name; } } } //In PHP file <?php $sp_obj_c2 = new sales_people( &quot;class2 names&quot; ); echo $sp_obj_c2 -> get_name() ; $sp_obj_c2 = new sales_people( &quot;So Check it&quot; ); echo $sp_obj_c2 -> get_name() ; ?> www.mindfiresolutions.com | www.twitter.com/mindfires | http:// wikipedia.org/wiki/mindfire_solutions
  • 26. STEP 22 ( Overriding Methods ) cont.. Sometimes we may need to access our base class's version of a method over lode in the derived (sometimes called 'child') class. In our example, we overrode the set_name() method in the ' sales_people ' class. Now We have to used the following code : mfs_employee :: set_name($new_name); to access the parent class' ( mfs_employee ) version of the set_name() method // 'extends' is the keyword that enables inheritance class sales_people extends mfs_employee { function __construct($employee_name) { $this -> set_name($employee_name); } function set_name($new_name) { if ($new_name == &quot;Stefan Sucks&quot;) { $this->name = $new_name; } } function set_name_old_style($new_name) { mfs_employee :: set_name($new_name); } } :: will tell to PHP to search for set_name() in the 'base' class. www.mindfiresolutions.com | www.twitter.com/mindfires | http:// wikipedia.org/wiki/mindfire_solutions
  • 27. STEP 22 ( Overriding Methods ) cont.. Also by using the parent keyword we can call the parent methods if it is overloaded // 'extends' is the keyword that enables inheritance class sales_people extends mfs_employee { function __construct($employee_name) { $this -> set_name($employee_name); } function set_name($new_name) { if ($new_name == &quot;Stefan Sucks&quot;) { $this->name = $new_name; } } function set_name_old_style($new_name) { parent :: set_name($new_name); } } www.mindfiresolutions.com | www.twitter.com/mindfires | http:// wikipedia.org/wiki/mindfire_solutions
  • 28.
  • 29. Thank you for viewing the slides. Hope it did add value. www.mindfiresolutions.com | www.twitter.com/mindfires | http:// wikipedia.org/wiki/mindfire_solutions For further queries contact us or call 1-248-686-1424 www.mindfiresolutions.com