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Ecuaciones Diferenciales de Orden Superior
Participante:
Mileidi Blanco CI: 20188674
Sección: 3100
UC: Matemática aplicada
Marzo 2021
Ejercicio N°3: Hallar la solución de la ecuación diferencial:
Y” + 8Y´ + 16Y = 0
Solución:
La ecuación es de segundo orden y de la forma.
𝒂𝒏(𝑿)
ⅆ𝐧𝐲
ⅆ𝐱𝐧
+ 𝒂𝒏−𝟏 (𝑿)
ⅆ𝐧−𝟏𝐲
ⅆ𝐱𝐧−𝟏
+ ⋯ + 𝐚₁ (𝐱) = 𝟎
Donde a; ≠ 0
Por lo que la ecuación es homogénea.
Usamos una ecuación auxiliar para representarla y calcular sus raíces.
Usamos la ecuación de 2do grado con
𝐒 =
−𝒃±√𝒃𝟐−𝟒𝒂𝒄
𝟐𝒂
= 𝒙 =
−𝟖±√𝟖𝟐−𝟒(𝟏)(𝟏𝟔)
𝟐 . 𝟏
=
−𝟖±√𝟔𝟒−𝟔𝟒
𝟐
S = -
𝟖
𝟐
→ S₁ = - 4 = S₂
Las raíces son iguales por lo que su solución será:
𝐲𝐧= 𝐜𝟏ⅇ𝐬𝟏𝐱
+ 𝐂𝟐ⅇ𝐬𝟐𝐱
Donde c₁ y c₂ son constantes.
𝐲𝐧= 𝐜𝟏ⅇ−𝟒𝐱
+ 𝐂𝟐ⅇ−𝟒𝐱
Ecuaciones homogéneas
a = 1; b = 8; c =16
𝐬𝟐
+ 𝟖𝐒 + 𝟏𝟔 = 𝟎
Ejercicio N°4: Hallar la solución de la ecuación diferencial:
Y” + 9Y = 0
Solución:
La ecuación puede escribirse bajo la forma.
𝒂𝒏(𝑿)
ⅆ𝐧𝐲
ⅆ𝐱𝐧
+ 𝒂𝒏−𝟏 (𝑿)
ⅆ𝐧−𝟏𝐲
ⅆ𝐱𝐧−𝟏
+ ⋯ + 𝐚₁ (𝐱) = 𝟎
Donde a; ≠ 0
Por lo que la ecuación es homogénea.
Usamos una ecuación auxiliar para representarla y calcular sus raíces
Usamos la ecuación de segundo grado, para calcular sus raíces con.
𝐒 =
−𝒃±√𝒃𝟐−𝟒𝒂𝒄
𝟐𝒂
= 𝒙 =
−𝟎±√𝟎𝟐−𝟒(𝟏)(𝟗)
𝟐 . 𝟏
=
−𝟖±√𝟑𝟔
𝟐
S = ± )
−𝟔 𝒊
𝟐
(
S₁ = + )
−𝟔 𝒊
𝟐
) = ¯
𝟔 𝒊
𝟐
= -3𝒊
S₂ = ˗ )
−𝟔 𝒊
𝟐
) =
𝟔 𝒊
𝟐
= 3𝒊
Las raíces son imaginarias y conjugadas, por lo que la solución viene
expresada por:
S = 𝜶 + Wi Donde 𝜶 = 0 y W = ± 3𝒊
Entonces:
Yh = 𝒆𝜶×
﴾c₁ 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝒘𝒙 + c₂ sen wx ﴿
Yh =𝒆𝟎×
﴾c₁ 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝟑 𝒙 + c₂ sen (-3x (﴿
Yh = ﴾c₁ 𝐜𝐨𝐬(𝟑 𝒙) + c₂ sen (-3x (﴿
con c₁ y c₂ constantes.
𝐬𝟐
+ 𝟗 = 𝟎
a = 1; b = 0; c = 9
Ejercicio N°3: Hallar el conjunto solución de:
X =
ⅆ𝐲
ⅆ𝐱
+3𝑥2
+ 4y = 𝟎
Solución:
La ecuación diferencial es lineal ya que aparece la derivada de Y, como la Y
sin exponente y no pertenece a ninguna otra función.
Luego debemos escribir la ecuación, bajo la forma.
Y’ + P(x) Y = q(x)
Dividimos entre x
𝒙
𝒙
𝒅𝒚
𝒅𝒙
+
𝟑𝒙𝟐
𝒙
+
𝟒𝐲
𝒙
=
𝟎
𝒙
→
𝒅𝒚
𝒅𝒙
+ 𝟑𝐱 +
𝟒𝒚
𝒙
= 𝟎
Paso 3: Reordenamos la ecuación:
𝒅𝒚
𝒅𝒙
+
𝟒𝒚
𝒙
= −3𝑥 → Y’ +
4𝑦
𝑥
= −3𝑥
Identificamos
𝑃(𝑥) =
𝟒
𝒙
^ q(x) = - 3x
Luego aplicamos Y𝝁 = ∫ 𝒒𝝁 𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒐𝒏𝒅𝒆 𝝁 = 𝒆∫
𝒑(𝒙)𝒅𝒙
𝝁 = e ∫
𝟒/𝒙 𝒅𝒙
= 𝒆𝝁
∫
𝒅𝒙/𝒙
= 𝒆𝟒𝒍𝒏𝒙
= 𝒆𝒍𝒏𝒙𝟒
= 𝒙𝟒
Y𝑥4
= ∫ -3x (𝑥4
) dx
Y𝑥4
= -3∫ x (𝑥4
) dx = -3 ∫ 𝒙𝟓
dx
Y𝑥4
= -3 [
𝑥6
6
] + c = -
𝑥6
2
+c → y = -
𝒙𝟔
𝟐𝑥4
+
c
𝑥4
Despejamos y
Ddddddddd donde k =
c
𝑥4
Ecuaciones Lineales
Integrando y aplicando
propiedades de logaritmo.
Y =
𝑥2
2
+ K
Ejercicio N°: Hallar el conjunto solución de:
X =
ⅆ𝐲
ⅆ𝐱
+1 = 𝐱 + 𝐲
Solución:
La ecuación diferencial es lineal ya que la derivada de Y y Y no aparecen
con otra función, y no están elevadas a una potencia.
Luego escribimos la ecuación bajo la forma.
Y’ + P(x) Y = q(x)
Dividimos entre x
𝒙
𝒙
𝒅𝒚
𝒅𝒙
+
𝟏
𝒙
=
𝒙
𝒙
+
𝒚
𝒙
→
𝒅𝒚
𝒅𝒙
+
𝟏
𝒙
= 1+
𝒚
𝒙
Reordenamos la ecuación:
𝒅𝒚
𝒅𝒙
−
𝟏𝐲
𝒙
= 1 −
1
𝑥
→ Y’ -
1y
𝑥
= 1 −
𝟏
𝒙
Identificamos
𝑃(𝑥) = −
𝟏
𝒙
^ q(x) = ± 1 -
𝟏
𝒙
Luego aplicamos Y𝝁 = ∫ 𝒒𝝁 𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒐𝒏𝒅𝒆 𝝁 = 𝒆∫
𝒑(𝒙)𝒅𝒙
𝝁 = e ∫
− 𝟏/𝒙 𝒅𝒙
= 𝒆−
∫
𝒅𝒙/𝒙
= 𝒆− 𝒍𝒏𝒙
= 𝒆𝒍𝒏𝒙−¹ = 𝒙−
¹ =
𝟏
𝒙
Luego sustituimos
Y =
𝟏
𝒙
= ∫ (1 − 1
𝑥
)
𝟏
𝒙
dx = ∫
𝟏
𝒙
dx - ∫
𝟏
𝑥2
dx = ∫
𝒅𝒙
𝒙
- ∫ 𝒙−
² dx
Y =
𝟏
𝒙
= 𝒍𝒏𝒙 + 𝒙−
¹ +c
Y = x (𝒍𝒏𝒙 + 𝒙−𝟏 + 𝐜 ) = x 𝒍𝒏𝒙 +1+ cx
Integrando y por propiedad
de logaritmo.
Integrando
Y= x 𝒍𝒏𝒙 +1+ cx

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Ecuaciones diferenciales

  • 1. Ecuaciones Diferenciales de Orden Superior Participante: Mileidi Blanco CI: 20188674 Sección: 3100 UC: Matemática aplicada Marzo 2021
  • 2. Ejercicio N°3: Hallar la solución de la ecuación diferencial: Y” + 8Y´ + 16Y = 0 Solución: La ecuación es de segundo orden y de la forma. 𝒂𝒏(𝑿) ⅆ𝐧𝐲 ⅆ𝐱𝐧 + 𝒂𝒏−𝟏 (𝑿) ⅆ𝐧−𝟏𝐲 ⅆ𝐱𝐧−𝟏 + ⋯ + 𝐚₁ (𝐱) = 𝟎 Donde a; ≠ 0 Por lo que la ecuación es homogénea. Usamos una ecuación auxiliar para representarla y calcular sus raíces. Usamos la ecuación de 2do grado con 𝐒 = −𝒃±√𝒃𝟐−𝟒𝒂𝒄 𝟐𝒂 = 𝒙 = −𝟖±√𝟖𝟐−𝟒(𝟏)(𝟏𝟔) 𝟐 . 𝟏 = −𝟖±√𝟔𝟒−𝟔𝟒 𝟐 S = - 𝟖 𝟐 → S₁ = - 4 = S₂ Las raíces son iguales por lo que su solución será: 𝐲𝐧= 𝐜𝟏ⅇ𝐬𝟏𝐱 + 𝐂𝟐ⅇ𝐬𝟐𝐱 Donde c₁ y c₂ son constantes. 𝐲𝐧= 𝐜𝟏ⅇ−𝟒𝐱 + 𝐂𝟐ⅇ−𝟒𝐱 Ecuaciones homogéneas a = 1; b = 8; c =16 𝐬𝟐 + 𝟖𝐒 + 𝟏𝟔 = 𝟎
  • 3. Ejercicio N°4: Hallar la solución de la ecuación diferencial: Y” + 9Y = 0 Solución: La ecuación puede escribirse bajo la forma. 𝒂𝒏(𝑿) ⅆ𝐧𝐲 ⅆ𝐱𝐧 + 𝒂𝒏−𝟏 (𝑿) ⅆ𝐧−𝟏𝐲 ⅆ𝐱𝐧−𝟏 + ⋯ + 𝐚₁ (𝐱) = 𝟎 Donde a; ≠ 0 Por lo que la ecuación es homogénea. Usamos una ecuación auxiliar para representarla y calcular sus raíces Usamos la ecuación de segundo grado, para calcular sus raíces con. 𝐒 = −𝒃±√𝒃𝟐−𝟒𝒂𝒄 𝟐𝒂 = 𝒙 = −𝟎±√𝟎𝟐−𝟒(𝟏)(𝟗) 𝟐 . 𝟏 = −𝟖±√𝟑𝟔 𝟐 S = ± ) −𝟔 𝒊 𝟐 ( S₁ = + ) −𝟔 𝒊 𝟐 ) = ¯ 𝟔 𝒊 𝟐 = -3𝒊 S₂ = ˗ ) −𝟔 𝒊 𝟐 ) = 𝟔 𝒊 𝟐 = 3𝒊 Las raíces son imaginarias y conjugadas, por lo que la solución viene expresada por: S = 𝜶 + Wi Donde 𝜶 = 0 y W = ± 3𝒊 Entonces: Yh = 𝒆𝜶× ﴾c₁ 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝒘𝒙 + c₂ sen wx ﴿ Yh =𝒆𝟎× ﴾c₁ 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝟑 𝒙 + c₂ sen (-3x (﴿ Yh = ﴾c₁ 𝐜𝐨𝐬(𝟑 𝒙) + c₂ sen (-3x (﴿ con c₁ y c₂ constantes. 𝐬𝟐 + 𝟗 = 𝟎 a = 1; b = 0; c = 9
  • 4. Ejercicio N°3: Hallar el conjunto solución de: X = ⅆ𝐲 ⅆ𝐱 +3𝑥2 + 4y = 𝟎 Solución: La ecuación diferencial es lineal ya que aparece la derivada de Y, como la Y sin exponente y no pertenece a ninguna otra función. Luego debemos escribir la ecuación, bajo la forma. Y’ + P(x) Y = q(x) Dividimos entre x 𝒙 𝒙 𝒅𝒚 𝒅𝒙 + 𝟑𝒙𝟐 𝒙 + 𝟒𝐲 𝒙 = 𝟎 𝒙 → 𝒅𝒚 𝒅𝒙 + 𝟑𝐱 + 𝟒𝒚 𝒙 = 𝟎 Paso 3: Reordenamos la ecuación: 𝒅𝒚 𝒅𝒙 + 𝟒𝒚 𝒙 = −3𝑥 → Y’ + 4𝑦 𝑥 = −3𝑥 Identificamos 𝑃(𝑥) = 𝟒 𝒙 ^ q(x) = - 3x Luego aplicamos Y𝝁 = ∫ 𝒒𝝁 𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒐𝒏𝒅𝒆 𝝁 = 𝒆∫ 𝒑(𝒙)𝒅𝒙 𝝁 = e ∫ 𝟒/𝒙 𝒅𝒙 = 𝒆𝝁 ∫ 𝒅𝒙/𝒙 = 𝒆𝟒𝒍𝒏𝒙 = 𝒆𝒍𝒏𝒙𝟒 = 𝒙𝟒 Y𝑥4 = ∫ -3x (𝑥4 ) dx Y𝑥4 = -3∫ x (𝑥4 ) dx = -3 ∫ 𝒙𝟓 dx Y𝑥4 = -3 [ 𝑥6 6 ] + c = - 𝑥6 2 +c → y = - 𝒙𝟔 𝟐𝑥4 + c 𝑥4 Despejamos y Ddddddddd donde k = c 𝑥4 Ecuaciones Lineales Integrando y aplicando propiedades de logaritmo. Y = 𝑥2 2 + K
  • 5. Ejercicio N°: Hallar el conjunto solución de: X = ⅆ𝐲 ⅆ𝐱 +1 = 𝐱 + 𝐲 Solución: La ecuación diferencial es lineal ya que la derivada de Y y Y no aparecen con otra función, y no están elevadas a una potencia. Luego escribimos la ecuación bajo la forma. Y’ + P(x) Y = q(x) Dividimos entre x 𝒙 𝒙 𝒅𝒚 𝒅𝒙 + 𝟏 𝒙 = 𝒙 𝒙 + 𝒚 𝒙 → 𝒅𝒚 𝒅𝒙 + 𝟏 𝒙 = 1+ 𝒚 𝒙 Reordenamos la ecuación: 𝒅𝒚 𝒅𝒙 − 𝟏𝐲 𝒙 = 1 − 1 𝑥 → Y’ - 1y 𝑥 = 1 − 𝟏 𝒙 Identificamos 𝑃(𝑥) = − 𝟏 𝒙 ^ q(x) = ± 1 - 𝟏 𝒙 Luego aplicamos Y𝝁 = ∫ 𝒒𝝁 𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒐𝒏𝒅𝒆 𝝁 = 𝒆∫ 𝒑(𝒙)𝒅𝒙 𝝁 = e ∫ − 𝟏/𝒙 𝒅𝒙 = 𝒆− ∫ 𝒅𝒙/𝒙 = 𝒆− 𝒍𝒏𝒙 = 𝒆𝒍𝒏𝒙−¹ = 𝒙− ¹ = 𝟏 𝒙 Luego sustituimos Y = 𝟏 𝒙 = ∫ (1 − 1 𝑥 ) 𝟏 𝒙 dx = ∫ 𝟏 𝒙 dx - ∫ 𝟏 𝑥2 dx = ∫ 𝒅𝒙 𝒙 - ∫ 𝒙− ² dx Y = 𝟏 𝒙 = 𝒍𝒏𝒙 + 𝒙− ¹ +c Y = x (𝒍𝒏𝒙 + 𝒙−𝟏 + 𝐜 ) = x 𝒍𝒏𝒙 +1+ cx Integrando y por propiedad de logaritmo. Integrando Y= x 𝒍𝒏𝒙 +1+ cx