Presentazione utilizzata da Pål Marten Jörgen Mårtensson, Coordinatore del Department of Sustainable Waste and Water City of Gothenburg, durante il suo intervento alla conferenza internazionale Milano Recycle City, che si è svolta il 6 giugno 2014 presso la Fabbrica del Vapore di Milano

1. Sweden
 9,4 million
inhabitants
 450 000 km2
 Pal Martensson from the City of
Goteborg Sweden.

2. 28 juli 2014
Goteborg
a fast growing sustainable city…
Sweden’s second city
Scandinavia’s largest port
Car and truck industry
525 000 inhabitants
243 000 households
80% flats
49 000 villas/houses

3. Waste and recycling services
At the household
• Combustible waste
• Biodegradable
waste (optional)
• Varying service for
bulky waste,
packaging, paper,
batteries,
hazardous and
electronic waste,
Ca:330
Recycling
Stations
• Packaging
•paper,
•plastic.
•metall,
•glas
•newspapers
•batteries
10 Hazardous
Waste
Collection
Points and
mobile unit
• Hazardous and
small
• electronic waste
•textile
5 Recycling
Centres
• Bulky waste,
garden waste,
electrical and
hazardous waste,
reusable items,
textile. etc

4. Household waste collection
 Bins and compacting
garbage trucks
standard collection
system
 Vacuum systems for
more than 70 000
inhabitants
 Undergound
containers
 Methane/electric
hybrid vehicles in the
truck fleet
(Volvo/Norba)

5. Food waste collection in Göteborg

8. The increase in food waste collection is made by:
 More resources for customer contacts
 A change from charging by volume to charging
by weight
 A subsidized tarrif for food waste
 A change in collection from one-family houses,
once a week to every second week

9. We – together - are aiming towards an
environmentally correct and sustainable waste
management, for the benefit of society.
☼☼☼☼☼☼☼☼☼☼☼☼☼☼☼☼☼☼☼☼☼☼☼
This is a very important question to discuss from
many different point of view, this a crucial choice
we have to do.
Incineration, landfill, recycling, reusing, circular
economy mm.

10. Total recycling is a big vision - it
means not wasting anything.
 Waste is proof that something is wrong in the
society, it´s a true evidence. You can try burn it
or bury it but still it´s an evidence of a society
that's not sustainable.
 Waste means that there are product made that
are wrong, we need a redesign of these
products so they will fit in to a modern
sustainable world.

11. Waste - a resource
Treatment of household waste in Sweden, 2011 (%)
Landfill
Energy recovery
Biological treatment
Recycling (material)
WE HAVE TO
DO
MUCH BETTER!

12. Waste treatment hierarchy
Reuse
Landfill
Energy utilisation
Recycling
Reduce
Alelyckan
THISWAYPLEASE Careful and enviromental
consumption

13. Unique results ???
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Sweden 2010 EU 2010 USA 2010
Recycling (material)
Biological treatment
Energy recovery
Landfill

14. Progression from disposal to prevention to
recycling in EU 27
324 314 298 301 302 300
267
235
205
176
149
123
101
80
198 210
215 201 201 200
218
235
250
264
276
287
304
320
-
100
200
300
400
500
600
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Recycling & composting Disposal (landfill + incineration)
EUROSTAT DATA PROGRESSION RESOURCE EFFICIENCY ROADMAP
Kg/capEU27

15. The development

16. Municipal
waste
planning
compulsory
Important steps of development
0
200000
400000
600000
800000
1000000
1200000
1400000
1600000
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
Producers’ responsibility
introduced
Landfill tax
introduced
Ban on landfill of
combustible waste
Ban on landfill of
organic waste and national
target on food waste
Household waste to landfill per year (tonnes)
On-going
national
overview

17. Authorities and agencies
National level
 Parliament
 National environmental targets
 The Swedish Environmental Protection Agency
 National waste plan
 Produces national legislation and guidelines
 National environmental courts (5 plus one superior):
 Gives permissions to larger treatment plants
Regional level
 County Administrative Board - government authority (21 counties):
 Regional environmental targets
 Permissions and control for most treatment plants
 Supervision of the regional treatment capacity
Municipal level
 Municipal authorithies:
 Local enviroenmental targets
 Local waste plans and regulations
 Permissions and control of smaller treatment plants

18. Overview model
Housholds or
companies
Waste prevention
Collection and transport
Recycling stations
Recycling centers
Curbside collection
Materialrecycling
Biological recycling
Energy recovery
Landfill
New products:
Biogas, new materials,
district heating,
electricity, bio-fertilizer

19. Public awarness - a success factor
Key messages and tools for motivation and
to facilitate collaboration:
– Communication
– Development of self instructive systems
– Feed back of the results and that ”what I do
matters”
– Emphasize on the waste holders
responsibility and participation

20. Waste prevention in Sweden
 99 % material recycling or energy recovery today 
more focus on waste prevention
 Information, knowledge and behaviour success factors
 Long tradition of reuse through flymarkets, second hand,
collection at recycling parks, etc
 Largest challenge: decoupling between generated waste
and economic growth
Generated household waste in Sweden is predicted to double 2010-2030
(Swedish EPA)
Generated waste world wide is predicted to rise with 72 % 2010-2025
(What a Waste-A global review of Solid Waste Management, mars 2012, World Bank Group)

21. Infrastructure
Collection of waste from households
based on source separation
 Curb side collection
 630 manned drop-off recycling centers
 5 800 unmanned recycling drop-off
stations
Treatment and recycling of waste
based on the charcter of the waste
 58 organic waste facilities
 32 waste to energy plants
 79 landfills

22. Recycling centers

23. Recycling and treatment
Different treatment methods depending on the character of the waste,
makes it possible to use the waste as a resource
Combustible wasteFood wasteMaterials
New products District heatingBiofertilizerBiogas Electricity

24. From landfills to modern recycling facilities
(Illustrator: Per Josefsson)

25. An integrated part of a holistic system
Products
Material
recycling
Waste
Incineration
Landfill
Vehicle fuel
Biogas Cooling/ heating
production
Biosolids
Farms
Sewage water
cleaning
Anaerobic
digestion
Electricity
productionOther fuels
Households
IF we are Zero
Waste
NO NEED FOR
BURNING OR BURY
The only thing we need to
take out of the circle is
toxic stuff.
But on the other hand we
should, of course not
bring it into the circle!
That´s ZERO WASTE!

26. Waste economy
Municipal waste:
 All costs covered by
municipal waste fees (not
by taxes)
 Tariffs decided by each
municipal board
 Non-profit
 Allowed to be
differentiated to
encourage source
separation for recycling
Municipal waste within
producers’
responsibility:
 Costs covered by a
fee added to the price
of every product

27. Waste fee
Average yearly fee per
household 2013:
• Houses:
• 250 EUR
• Flats:
• 160 EUR
Average daily fee
per household
1,50 Real

28. Important success factors
 Waste management is a public service
 Clear division of roles and responsibilities
enable necessary investments
 Clear national environmental targets
showing the direction
 Long-term regulations and economical
steering instruments
 Co-operation between municipalities
 Co-operation within municipalites (Waste-,
Energy-, Water-, Urban- planning-, etc
departements)
 Collaboration between public and private
sectors
 Focus on communication and public
engagement

29. Avfall Sverige’s vision
BN
P
Economic
growth
Generated
waste
Zero waste!
Long-term goals until 2020:
 Decoupling between generated
waste and economic growth
 Strong upward movement in waste
hierarchy

30. Gothenburgers' new amusement
park for reusers and recyclers
Our introduction concept was:
Why a recycling/reusing/eco-park?

31. Drop off what you want to get rid off and buy what you need
Inaugurated 5 May 2007
Total area of 30,000
square meters
Total cost 4 million euro

32. Eighty percent of the buildings are reused. They
have been brought in from other facilities and built
up again in the park
Construc-
tion time :
March 2006
to April
2007.

33. The visitors first arrive at the sortingstation
Sorting station where all visitors are
met by recycling-park staff and invited
to donate any of their items that may
be suitable for sale in one of the
secondhand shops. Most visitors are
pleasantly surprised to be offered this
opportunity.

34. Rooflift!
Entrance
Donated
materials
Communication
Hazardous waste
Electronic waste

35. Whitewares
are left
outside the
station

36. Stadsmissionen shop – here the visitors can
choose from a wide range of second-hand
products

37. …furniture…
…fashion…

38. …or knick-knacks and household goods

39. Återbruket is for recycling
of construction materials.

40. Återbruket – for those looking for used construction materials

41. Returhuset – creative forces that do exciting
things with re-used materials

42. Bike repair
at Returhuset

44. We play on the heart
strings when
marketing the eco-
cycle park
It should be a pleasure
and easy to
● Donate
● Buy second-hand
● Sort one's waste
• Understand our system

45. A few facts about the eco-cycle park
About: 300-400 visitors per day
Turn over: 2013 1,2 milj.euro
Create work opportunities for about
25 people – very important, green
jobs
More than 130 guidings from
Sweden and more than 50 different
countries have visited our Park
We, the park and Gothenburg
makes a difference Free soil, bag and spade from
the city's own composting
plant to the young ones!

46. Are we influencing
people's
behaviour?
● Many come just to
donate. They stop at the
sorting station and drive
out again, without
visiting the recycling
centre
● Because we ask
ACTIVELY if the visitor
has something to
donate, we encourage
such behavior and more
things are left for re-
use.
• We educate people,
“learning by doing”

47. Zero Waste is more the
journey, then the
destination!
There is no AWAY!
It´s always someothers
backyard!

49. Thank
YOU!
pal.martensson@kov.goteborg.se
Facebook: pal martensson, Sweden
Twitter: @MartenssonPal
Linkedin: Pal Martensson, Sweden