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KernelF: a functional core for domain-specific languages in JetBrains MPS
- 1. KernelF Turku Centre for Computer Science Mikhail Barash Åbo Akademi Finland a functional core @mikhail_barash for DSLs
- 6. 1997
- 7. John, CEO publishing company left right top bottom 1 page enumeration margins single page range open interval 20..30 40- measurement units mm cm inches
- 10. 1999
- 12. Hi, We've just got new order, diary No: 1999/3456/32-A. It's books, covers 250g/m2. Left: 30 mm Top: 15 mm Right: 20 mm Bottom: 1 in Thanks, secretary typesetter some structure
- 13. 2000
- 15. Jane, developer
- 17. 2001
- 19. start marker end marker row: start.row + 1 col: start.col + 6 row: start.row + 4 col: start.col + 8 error messages typesetter
- 20. 2002
- 22. 2003
- 25. 2007
- 28. DSL without tailored IDE will not be used
- 29. 2010s
- 30. Language workbenches requires parsingtextual DSL automates definition of languageslanguage workbench implementing IDE is tedious vital for adoption and success of languageIDE automates creation of IDEs for languages
- 31. IDEA-level custom IDE rich notation custom auto complete intentions (quick fixes) domain-specific error messages
- 32. key representation of program abstract syntax tree (AST) can be projected into different representations text diagrams tables forms textual form of code only meant for the programmer but it is unambiguous can look ambiguous no parsing needed http://mbeddr.com Projectional editing How does MPS work?
- 34. Embedding Expressions Language into Page Margins Language
- 35. Pages Margins DSL with embedded expressions language ”variable declaration” expression enabling expressions into already defined Page Margins DSL
- 36. Embedding languages embedding not in the sense “embedded DSL” “internal DSL” Scala XML Lang A Lang B neither A nor B change should work even with conflicting syntaxes non-invasive embedding
- 37. KernelF “expressions language” Markus Voelter
- 38. Overview of KernelF primitive types arithmetical and comparison operations higher-order functions number option types attempt types null values exception handling static types user-defined types tuples functional type inference Boolean string enum record + - * / == != > < >= <= no generics no algebraic types built-in collections are generic not designed for building abstractions abstractions – in host DSL keyword-rich many first-class constructs enum with data all immutable
- 39. natural notation for mathematical expressions Excel-style spreadsheet within code
- 40. Number types int float too much focused on need of programmers business domain doesn’t find them useful no usual types numbers with range and precision number[10|20]{2} number[0|inf] number[-inf|inf]{0} positive integer integer, unlimited range decimal with 2 decimal places, value between 10 and 20 number{2} number[2.2|3.8] range as specified, precision derived decimal with 2 decimal places, unlimited range
- 41. Type tags additional information attached to a typetag checked by type system display(airportCode : string) require only capitalized strings display(airportCode : string<capitalized>) <!tag>unary tags doesn’t have the taghas the tag unspecified n-ary tags set of ordered values easy normal hard val simpleText : string<easy> = “I go to school.” val normalText : string<normal> = “This is an abstract painting.” val complexText : string<hard> = “We semi-classically quantize circular strings.” <tag> fun sendToProfessor(text: string<hard->) fun publishInTwitter(text: string<easy+>) fun printOnTShirt(text: string<normal>) hard, normal, easy easy, normal, hard toAllUpper(s : string) : string<capitalized>
- 42. Option types handle null values in a typesafe way val x : option<number> = if something then 1 else none a term in an expression evaluates to none the whole expression is none⇒ test whether an option does contain a value isSome(x)
- 43. Attempt types error handling type system support for error handling base type attempt type error literals attempt< baseType | err1, err2, ..., errN > fun getWeather(city: string): attempt<number[-40|40] | timeout, notFound> = if ... then getTemp else if ... then error(timeout) else error(notFound) val displayDegrees : string = try getWeather(“Helsinki”) => val + “ degrees” error<timeout> => “Timeout” error<notFound> => “Not found” “payload” to be handled by calling code
- 44. via metaprogramming “Flexible” language adding new first-class constructs removing constructs exchangeable primitive types overriding syntax new syntax for existing language constructs replace primitive types with types from the domain LISP extensibleRacket parser-based extend the language, but not the IDE syntactic style difficult for non-programmers only textual languages language workbench
- 45. Natural language function calls @syntax{ accelerate to @[to] with @[at] } car.accelerate to 10 with 2 car.accelerate(10, 2) ext fun accelerate (this: Car, to: int, at: int) = ... also appears in autocomplete menu positional arguments less easily perceived by business users
- 46. Stateful language effect tracking expressions don’t have side effects results of function calls can be cached KernelF can be extended to support expressions with side effects which functions can be cached? effects read write idempotence
- 47. Stateful language boxes immutable data can’t change a value after it’s been created invent new name for new value boxes do not require mutable version of all immutable data structures immutable its contents can change box val counter: box<int> = box(0) fun increase() { counter.update(counter.val + 1) } read effectmodify effect counter.update(it + 1) current content of the box val a = list(1, 2, 3) val b = a.plus(4)