High performance WordPress

High
Performance
WordPress
with your host: Mikel King
Caching, Clustering & Tuning
http://j.konex.us/mk-twttr http://j.konex.us/mk-plus http://linkd.in/in-mk

Scaling WordPress
High Performance WordPress by @MikelKing http://jafdip.com

● PHP Apps like WordPress don’t scale =
LIES!
Scaling WordPress

● PHP Apps like WordPress don’t scale = LIES!
● PHP is not JAVA so Big IRON = FAIL
Scaling WordPress

● PHP Apps like WordPress don’t scale = LIES!
● PHP is not JAVA so Big IRON = FAIL
● Caching + DB Clustering + Apache Tuning
= Success!
Scaling WordPress

User level --
Files System --
Memory Resident --
Browser
Caching Plugins
Memcache
Realms of Caching

● Is easy to turn on and easier to fail.
● Requires access to Apache conf
&& ! .htaccess
● Requires proper WordPress CSS & JS
registration and enqueuing
Browser Caching

Apache Conf Example
# 480 weeks
<FilesMatch ".(ico|pdf|flv|jpg|jpeg|png|gif|js|css|swf)$">
Header set Cache-Control "max-age=290304000, public"
</FilesMatch>
# 2 DAYS
<FilesMatch ".(xml|txt)$">
Header set Cache-Control "max-age=172800, public, must-revalidate"
</FilesMatch>
# 2 HOURS
<FilesMatch ".(html|htm)$">
Header set Cache-Control "max-age=7200, must-revalidate"
</FilesMatch>

wp_register_script(
'top-menu',
$this->js_template_url . 'top_menu.js',
null,
self::VERSION,
self::IN_HEADER
);
wp_enqueue_script('top-menu');
Asset Registration

● Easy to setup
● Good for shared hosting
● NOT load balancer friendly
● Plugins are written in PHP
● Does NOT reliably cache DB Objects
● Relies on file system access
File System Caching

The Caching Game

W1 Server

W3 Server

W2 Server

M1 Server

M3 Server

M2 Server

W4 Server

Example of DB runaway

● Stores PHP code as compiled objects
● Capable of caching DB queries as objects
● May be clustered
● Is load balancer friendly
Memory Based Caching

Example of a memcache cluster
define('WP_CACHE', true);
$memcached_servers = array(
'default' => array(
'172.16.1.244:11211',
'172.16.1.229:11211',
'172.16.1.195:11211',
'172.16.1.227:11211',
'172.16.1.218:11211’,
'172.16.1.205:11211’
)
);

Example of a memcache cluster
memcache-top v0.6 (default port: 11211, color: on, refresh: 3 seconds)
INSTANCE USAGE HIT % CONN TIME EVICT/s READ/s WRITE/s
172.16.1.244:11211 0.9% 94.5% 146 3.5ms 0.0 30.2K 308.0K
172.16.1.229:11211 33.1% 98.2% 148 1.9ms 0.0 33.1K 253.3K
172.16.1.195:11211 39.0% 97.2% 148 2.2ms 0.0 22.4K 217.8K
172.16.1.227:11211 32.2% 98.7% 148 2.1ms 0.0 128.5K 975.1K
172.16.1.218:11211 0.0% 0.0% 10 2.1ms 0.0 2 276
172.16.1.205:11211 36.3% 90.8% 148 2.1ms 0.0 25.2K 223.8K
AVERAGE: 23.6% 79.9% 124 2.3ms 0.0 39.9K 329.7K
TOTAL: 0.7GB/ 3.0GB 748 14.0ms 0.0 239.4K 1.9M

Example of a DB on memcache

Memcache is a separate service to manage
Corruption can spread like a virus
Clearing the cache requires shutting down
the entire cluster
Caveats (It’s NOT all sunshine and rainbows)

● Convert ALL tables to InnoDB
● Convert ALL collation to UTF-8
● Set innodb_buffer_pool_size = 70-80% of
total DB server available RAM
● Set thread_cache_size = 4096
● Increase the mysql ulimits
Clustering with HyperDB

Full text search is supported in the InnoDB
engine as of MySql 5.6, prior to this only the
MyISAM engine had this feature.
InnoDB became the default storage engine
in MySql 5.5 and that prior to this version
you must compile it in as an optional item.
Caveats

Debian/Ubunutu Ulimits
Excerpt: /etc/security/limits.conf
mysql soft nofile 10240
mysql hard nofile 40960
mysql soft nproc 10240
mysql hard nproc 40960

FreeBSD Ulimits
Excerpt: /etc/login.conf
daemon:
:memorylocked=64M:
:memoryuse=unlimited:
:tc=default:

Windows Ulimits

Master
$wpdb->add_database(array(
'host’ => '172.16.1.7:3336',
'user’ => 'db_admin',
'password’ => 'My$c3r3t',
'name’ => 'prod_db',
'write’ => 1,
'read’ => 1,
'dataset’ => 'global',
'timeout’ => 0.2,
'lag_threshold’ => 2,
));
Slave
$wpdb->add_database(array(
'host' => '172.16.1.9:3336’,
'user' => 'db_admin',
'password' => 'My$c3r3t',
'name' => 'prod_db',
'write' => 0,
'read’ => 1,
'dataset’ => 'global',
'timeout’ => 0.2,
'lag_threshold’ => 2,
));
HyperDB Conf (db-config.php)

● Eliminate file reads.
● Reduce the number of server limit
● Increase the allocated RAM
● Install mod_deflate
● Install mod_gzip2
Tuning Apache

House Keeping
Use the PHP native filter_var & filter_input in lieu of regex and built-
in WordPress methods
Drop WP & plugin based Search in favor of a search service
• Solr (requires a separate Java based server)
• Sphinx (is a separate service
• Elastisearch (requires a separate Hadoop server)
• GSS ( a.k.a. Google Site Search)
Enterprise Environments

General House Keeping
● Cleanout the functions.php
● Turn off unnecessary auto loaded items in wp_options
● Optimize your database with a plug-in like WP Optimize
● Leverage the power of a CDN to eliminate your serving
environment’s latency issues.
These items apply sites of any size even if you are
on shared hosting

This has been
High
Performance
WordPress
with your host: Mikel King
Caching, Clustering & Tuning
http://j.konex.us/mk-twttr http://j.konex.us/mk-plus http://linkd.in/in-mk

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High performance WordPress

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