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Personal data and blockchain: Opportunities and Challenges - Michele Nati - Lead Technologist Personal Data and Trust - Digital Catapult
1. Personal data and blockchain:
Opportunities and Challenges
MyData 2016 Conference
Day 1, August 31st, Helsinki
Session: Blockchain and Personal Data
Michele Nati
Lead Technologist Personal Data and Trust
Digital Catapult, London
@michelenati
2. Personal Data: Opportunities
• Overall financial
benefit
• £15bn
untapped
wealth
for
UK
consumers
• The incentive to share
• 30%
of
consumers
believe
“to
improve
services
and
benefit”
is
the
most
important
incen5ve
for
sharing
personal
data
• How to incentivize
• 43%
said
the
main
incen=ve
for
sharing
personal
data
is
if
it
was
going
to
be
used
to
improve
society
Personal
Data
and
Trust
Review:
h<ps://www.digitalcatapultcentre.org.uk/pdtreview/
3. Personal Data: Barriers
• Trust
• 44%
of
consumers
trust
the
public
sector
most
with
their
personal
data
• 2%
choose
telecoms
as
the
most
trusted
sector
• 30%
feel
the
retail
sector
is
not
clear
on
how
use
their
personal
data
• Consent
• 65%
of
consumers
are
insure
if
data
is
shared
without
their
consent
• Loosing control
• 76%
of
consumers
feel
they
have
no
control
over
how
their
data
is
shared
or
who
with
Personal
Data
and
Trust
Review:
h<ps://www.digitalcatapultcentre.org.uk/pdtreview/
4. Personal Data Ecosystem
• How data can be linked
together?
• How access can be granted
and controlled?
• How all involved parties can
trust each others?
• How the right incentives
can be created?
7. Blockchain Ecosystem
• Blockchain: business case vs trust case
• Bitcoin: (and alt-coins) interoperable
incentives within the ecosystem
• Smart Contracts: consent management
• Decentralized and Autonomous
Organizations (DAOs): data sharing for
social benefits and causes
8. Do you need blockchain?
1. Consensus – is the use case benefiting from
agreement across all the parties that each
transaction is validated without 3rd party?
2. Provenance – is the maintenance of a
complete audit trail important for the use
case?
3. Immutability – is it important that the trail of
transactions cannot be altered?
4. Liquid trust – is there a need for an agreed
“system of record” trusted by the all network?
9. Blockchain and identity
• Role in the Personal Data ecosystem
• Link
all
the
data
to
one
individual
• Be<er
and
personalized
services
–
combining
different
a<ributes
• Identities should be
• Sovereign
• Unique
and
interoperable
• Verified
• Mul5ple
and
context-‐based
(mul5ple
personas)
• Blockchain role
• (Decentralized)
User-‐managed
• Consensus
–
new
forms
of
iden5ty
(for
unbanked)
• Notary
func5on
-‐
Integrity
• Audit
trail
–
non-‐repudiable
• Confiden5ality?
(requires
some
thoughts)
(Attributes) Verification might still require 3rd party
11. Blockchain and Personal Data:
An example
Benefits distribution and tracking
• Assign coins with clause on how they are
spent (alt-coin)
• Require to verify identities
Possible Risks (to address):
• (might) Leak privacy on people identity (e.g.
zero-knowledge proof required)
• Pseudonyms could be de-anonymized
• Deal with malicious behavior (in ethical way;
this might require third party authorities)
h<p://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-‐36785872
18. Governance in decentralized
systems
• Everybody can use blockchain, run smart
contracts, participate to DAOs
• But who takes decisions?
• Currently
developers
and
miners
• SW
licenses
generally
disclaim
all
liabili5es
• Who should be accountable for malicious
behavior?
• Not
yet
well-‐defined
• Shall
core
developers
and
miners
be
considered
as
fiduciaries?
(duty
of
care,
loyalty
and
good
faith)
• What governance structure will be
required?