4. PSYCHOANALYSIS
Is a therapy as well as a theory. It is commonly used to
treat depression and anxiety disorders.
Emphasizes unconscious motivation in which the main
cause of behavior lies in unconscious mind
5. Sigmund Freud
Founder of Psychoanalysis and he proposed the
complete theory of personality.
Believed that people could be cured by making
conscious their unconscious thoughts and motivations.
6. BASIC CONCEPTS OF
PSYCHOANALYSIS
1. View of Human Nature
•Deterministic- life is about gaining pleasure and
pain
•Energy System- Freud believe that humans are
by the unconscious, where the Id is found
along with the aggression and sex instinct.
7. 2. Instincts
• Life Instincts – also called “Eros”, maintain the
individual and humankind.
-identified with libido (sexual energy)
• Death Instincts – also called “Thanatos” or aggressive
-manifest themselves in one’s unconscious wish to die or
oneself or others
8. 3. Theory of Personality
A. Functional or Dynamic- Freud argued that our personality should be in
state of dynamic equilibrium.
Freud argued that the human mind and personality are made up of three parts:
Id- a biological component or instinctual drives present at birth.
Operates according to the pleasure principle
Ego- a psychological component, the part of the personality that is aware of
reality and considers the consequences of an action.
Operates on reality principle.
Superego- a social component, it contains our social conscience and
experience guilt and anxiety when we do something wrong.
Operates in moral principles
9. B. Structural or Topographical
According to Freud, there are three levels of consciousness:
Conscious- all things we are aware of at any given moment
Preconscious- facts stored in our brain which are not conscious but
are available for possible use in the future
Unconscious- contains all the feeling, urges or instinct that are
beyond our awareness, but it affect our expression, feeling and
action.
10. 4. Anxiety- a state of tension that motivates an individual to
do something. It arises out of a conflict among the id, ego
and superego.
Three kinds of Anxiety
•Reality Anxiety- fear of danger from the external world,
real, objective sources of danger in the environment
•Neurotic Anxiety-fear that the id impulses will overwhelm
the ego and cause the person to do something that will be
punished
•Moral Anxiety- fear of one’s own conscience
11. 5. Defense Mechanism- or Ego Defense
Mechanism are invented by the ego as an attempt
to resolve the conflict between id and superego.
-it denies or distort reality while operating in
unconscious level
12. Major Ego Defense Mechanism
• Projection- an individual puts the blame of his own failure upon
others and some unfavorable factors of his environment.
• Sublimation- unacceptable desire are redirected into socially
accepted channels.
• Repression- pushes threatening thoughts back into the unconscious
which is common with victims of sexual abuse.
• Rationalization- an individual tried to justify his failure by giving
some excuses
• Compensation- an attempt to cover one’s deficiency in one field by
exhibiting his strength in another field
13. • Displacement- an individual does something as a substitute for
something else.
• Withdrawal- some persons withdraw themselves from the
circumstances that cause tension, frustration or pain.
• Day Dreaming- a defense mechanism which sometimes help in
making adjustment
• Denial- simplest form of self-defense
• Reaction Formation- thinking or behaving in a way that is the
extreme opposite to those that are of real intention
• Introjection- taking in and accepting uncritically the values
and standards of others
14. 6. Psychosexual Stages of Development
•Psychosexual Development- Freud thought that our
adult personality is determined by the way we
resolved conflicts between these early sources of
pleasure- the mouth, anus, genitals and the demands
of reality
•Fixation- psychoanalytic defense mechanism that
occurs when the individual remains locked in an
earlier developmental stage because needs are under
or over gratified.
15. Freud’s Psychosexual Stages of Development
• Oral stage (0-1 yr. old)- pleasure comes from chewing, biting, and
sucking
• weaning a child can lead to fixation if not handled correctly
• Anal stage (1-3 yrs. old)- stage where toilet training starts
• child’s greatest pleasure involves the anus, or the eliminative
functions associated with it
• Phallic stage (3-6 yrs. old)- the word “phallic” comes from the
Latin word “phallus”, which means penis.
• pleasure focuses on the genitals as the child discovers that self-
stimulation is enjoyable.
16. In Freud’s view, the phallic stage has a special importance in personality
development because this period triggers the Oedipus Complex.
• Oedipus Complex- the boy will have a desire to possess his mother and
and displaced his father
• Electra Complex- girls will want to possess the father and remove her mother
