2. Sometimes hard work of men, was replaced today with technical tools,
devices and computers who need energy to work.
Not one form of energy is not so used in today’s work as much as
electric energy.
For that reason the basic knowledge about electricity do not only
become a part of general culture, but necessity .
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3. If you touch over the metal latch of the door with the woolen carpet,
you feel a slight strike of tingle.
Also if it is a dry weather and you dress a synthetic shirt over the nylon
shirt, you feel a slight strike, and you can also hear crackling.
If you do that thing in the dark, you can notice arcing.
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4. Most of that effects are not new.
First knowledge about electricity originate from antic times.
Greek philosopher Tales from Miletus while doing an experiment with
yellow amber, first saw the effect that if amber is rubbed with wool or
fur, it takes feature to attract tiny pieces of paper, straw, dry leaves,
hair and pieces of linen fabric.
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5. Word “electric, electrical engineering, and electronic” were made from
Greek word “ἤλεκτρον“ which means “electron“, that’s how they called
amber.
Almost two centuries after Tales, this name is imported in
contemporary science by English naturalist William Gilbert.
Gilbert saw that glass stick had properties similar to amber when it was
rubbed with silk fabric, it attracted easy objects like hair or tiny pieces
of paper.
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6. Gilbert’s experiments gave another knowledge: two glass sticks
rubbed with silk, and two ambers rubbed with fur, had property to
reject itself after they were in close distance.
The effect of attracting easy objects made of amber or glass sticks,
rubbed with silk or fur, and mutually rejecting of two rubbed sticks or
ambers is attributed to electricity.
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7. C. F. Cisternay du Fay tried to explain this effect by introducing two
types of electricity which he called “vitreous” and “resinous”.
With discovery of Leyden bottle, there came the thought about saving
electricity which granted opportunities to experiment with electricity.
For Leyden bottle we can say that is was the first form of
contemporary capacitators.
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8. American philosopher and publicist Benjamin Franklin in 1752 was
doing experiments with “flying dragon” in the time of thunder.
He discovered electrical nature of lightning which until than was a
mystery.
He set hypothesis: There is only one type of electricity. The object is
charged only if there is excess or shortage of charge than a neutral,
balanced stance.
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9. Based on today’s knowledge, there are two types of electricity, called
positive and negative which are marked with algebraic sign.
This deal actually fits to Franklins marking, positive charge is the one
which appears on glass when it rubs with silk fabric, and negative
charge appears on ebony stick when rubbed with fur.
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10. French Charles de Coulomb in 1785. is performing experiment with
two charged balls and sets law about force which works between two
charges.
The basic law of electrostatic is just named after him – Coulomb law.
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11. Term of static charge begins to be popular in the beginning of the 19th
century, when Galvan and Volta set foundations of charges in motion.
Luigi Galvani noticed that electricity appears when metal comes in
contact with frog leg, so called “ Animal electricity “ which impressed
his coworker physicist Aleksandar Volta.
Volta made an experiment with two metal plates made from different
metals, which he soaked in conducting fluid and got and chemical
source of electric energy.
In honor to Galvani, that current was named after him, galvanic
current, and first source was named voltaic pile.
This was the first permanent source of current.
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12. With the invention of chemical source of current, electric engineering
practice is rapidly progressing and in very short period there was a lot
of significant findings.
Not long from Volta’s discovery, H. C. Oersted noticed that magnetic
needle twists in close distance with the conductor trough which current
flows.
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13. That invention inspired A. Amper so he not long from that time, 1820.
discovered how conductors through which current flows, are working
one to another with force, rejecting or attracting.
Not long from that, M. Faraday 1831. reached the most significant
success in history of electric engineering, by producing electricity from
magnet, respectively, discovering principle of electromagnetic
induction and dynamo,
From foundations of Faraday’s research results, the new age in a field
of scientific research and practice usage begins.
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14. In that time electric and magnetic appearances are watched as
independent and only connection between them was the fact that the
electric currents were the ones who created electric and magnetic
field.
Basic laws weren’t mutually connected with anything.
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15. J. C. Maxwell introduced set of equations which involved
electromagnetic appearances and are presenting scientific basic of
today’s electric engineering.
H. R. Hertz 1888. confirmed existence of electromagnetic waves with a
simple experiment.
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16. In the time when this discoveries and theories were found, the many
other fields of usage were using that discoveries.
The high success had electric industry, power sector and
telecommunications.
All this fields of practice contributed with their massive usage to the
sudden success of the electric engineering.
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17. Thanks to Nikola Tesla, and his multiphase electric currents and
rotating magnetic field, the process of building power plants, and
economic transmission of alternating electric current on great
distances is accelerated.
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