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How to Perform and Interpret an Exercise Test V. Froelicher, MD Professor of Medicine Stanford University VA Palo Alto HCS
Key Points of Exercise Testing ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
BORG SCALE 20 Very, very hard 19 18 Very hard 17 16 Hard 15 14 Somewhat hard 13 12 Fairly light 11 10 Very light 9 8 Very, very light 7 6
Symptom-Sign Limited Testing Endpoints – When to stop! ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
How to read an Exercise ECG ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Types of Exercise ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Oxygen Consumption During Dynamic Exercise Testing ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Myocardial (MO 2 ) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Problems with Age-Predicted Maximal Heart Rate ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Myocardial (MO 2 ) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Ventilatory (VO 2 ) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
What is a MET? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Key MET Values (part 1) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Key MET Values (part 2) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Calculation of METs on the Treadmill ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
METs---not Minutes (Report Exercise Capacity in METs) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Estimated vs Measured METs ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],WORK  TIME  RAMP TIME  WORK
Why Ramp? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Should Heart Rate Drop in Recovery be added to ET? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Heart Rate Drop in Recovery ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Heart Rate Drop in Recovery vs METs ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
 
[object Object],Maximal Heart Rate  vs  METs
AHA/ACC Exercise Testing Guidelines: Recommendations for Exercise Testing ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
AHA/ACC Exercise Testing Guidelines: Recommendations for Exercise Testing ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The ACC/AHA Guidelines for the Diagnostic Use of the Standard Exercise Test ,[object Object],[object Object]
Pre Test Probability of Coronary Disease by Symptoms, Gender and Age
Diagnostic Use, continued: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Diagnostic Use, continued: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Comparison of Tests for Diagnosis of CAD
Males Choose only one per group <40=low prob 40-60= intermediate probability >60=high probability Total Score: Reason for stopping =5 induced Angina Occurred =3 Exercise test Yes=5 Diabetes? Yes=5 Hypercholesterolemia? Non-cardiac pain =1 Probable/atypical =3 Definite/Typical = 5 Angina History 40 to 55 yrs = 12 >55 yrs =20 Age > 2mm =25 1-2mm =15 Exercise ST Depression 190 to 220 bpm =6 160 to 189 bpm =12 130 to 159 bpm =18 100 to 129 bpm = 24 Less than 100 bpm = 30 Maximal Heart Rate Sum Circle response Variable
Women Choose only one per group <37=low prob 37-57= intermediate probability >57=high probability Positive=-5, Negative=5 Total Score Reason for stopping =15 induced Angina  (x3) Estrogen Status Occurred =9 Exercise test Yes=10 Diabetes?  (x2) Yes=10 Smoking?  (x2) Non-cardiac pain =2 Probable/atypical =6 Definite/Typical = 10 Angina History  (x2) 50 to 65 yrs = 15 (x5) >65 yrs =25 Age > 2mm =10 Depression  (x2) 1-2mm =6 Exercise ST 190 to 220 bpm =4 160 to 189 bpm =8 130 to 159 bpm =12 100 to 129 bpm = 16 Rate  (x4) Less than 100 bpm = 20 Maximal Heart Sum Circle response Variable
The ACC/AHA Guidelines for the Prognostic Use of the Standard Exercise Test ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Prognostic Use, continued: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Prognostic Use, continued: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Endpoints for Prediction of Prognosis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
DUKE Treadmill Score for  Stable CAD ,[object Object],[object Object],E-I = Exercise Induced
Duke Treadmill Score (uneven lines, elderly?)
“ All-comers” prognostic score  SCORE  = (1=yes, 0=no)  METs<5  + Age>65 + History of CHF + History of MI or Q wave a=0, b=1, c=2, d=more than 2
But Can Physicians do as well as the Scores? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Key Points of Exercise Testing ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
What is the most important prognostic measurement from the exercise test? 1. BORG scale estimate 2. ST depression 3. Exercise time 4. Exercise capacity Question 1
What is the most appropriate indicator of a maximal effort? 1. BORG scale  2. ST depression 3. Heart rate 4. Exercise capacity Question 2
All references are available as pdf files on  www.cardiol ogy.org  along with scores and sample report generator
[object Object]

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How to perform and interpret an Exercise Test

  • 1. How to Perform and Interpret an Exercise Test V. Froelicher, MD Professor of Medicine Stanford University VA Palo Alto HCS
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  • 3. BORG SCALE 20 Very, very hard 19 18 Very hard 17 16 Hard 15 14 Somewhat hard 13 12 Fairly light 11 10 Very light 9 8 Very, very light 7 6
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  • 30. Pre Test Probability of Coronary Disease by Symptoms, Gender and Age
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  • 33. Comparison of Tests for Diagnosis of CAD
  • 34. Males Choose only one per group <40=low prob 40-60= intermediate probability >60=high probability Total Score: Reason for stopping =5 induced Angina Occurred =3 Exercise test Yes=5 Diabetes? Yes=5 Hypercholesterolemia? Non-cardiac pain =1 Probable/atypical =3 Definite/Typical = 5 Angina History 40 to 55 yrs = 12 >55 yrs =20 Age > 2mm =25 1-2mm =15 Exercise ST Depression 190 to 220 bpm =6 160 to 189 bpm =12 130 to 159 bpm =18 100 to 129 bpm = 24 Less than 100 bpm = 30 Maximal Heart Rate Sum Circle response Variable
  • 35. Women Choose only one per group <37=low prob 37-57= intermediate probability >57=high probability Positive=-5, Negative=5 Total Score Reason for stopping =15 induced Angina (x3) Estrogen Status Occurred =9 Exercise test Yes=10 Diabetes? (x2) Yes=10 Smoking? (x2) Non-cardiac pain =2 Probable/atypical =6 Definite/Typical = 10 Angina History (x2) 50 to 65 yrs = 15 (x5) >65 yrs =25 Age > 2mm =10 Depression (x2) 1-2mm =6 Exercise ST 190 to 220 bpm =4 160 to 189 bpm =8 130 to 159 bpm =12 100 to 129 bpm = 16 Rate (x4) Less than 100 bpm = 20 Maximal Heart Sum Circle response Variable
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  • 41. Duke Treadmill Score (uneven lines, elderly?)
  • 42. “ All-comers” prognostic score SCORE = (1=yes, 0=no) METs<5 + Age>65 + History of CHF + History of MI or Q wave a=0, b=1, c=2, d=more than 2
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  • 45. What is the most important prognostic measurement from the exercise test? 1. BORG scale estimate 2. ST depression 3. Exercise time 4. Exercise capacity Question 1
  • 46. What is the most appropriate indicator of a maximal effort? 1. BORG scale 2. ST depression 3. Heart rate 4. Exercise capacity Question 2
  • 47. All references are available as pdf files on www.cardiol ogy.org along with scores and sample report generator
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