Industrial report on dyeing-finishing section MKCL
1. Report on
Industrial Attachment of dyeing & finishing section
At MEGHNA KNIT COMPOSITE LTD.
Prepared by
NAME DESIGNATION DEPARTMENT MOBILE NO
MD. SIRAJUL HAQUE SAJIB Executive Dyeing finishing 01798035354
SHEK SADI Executive Dyeing finishing 01681714038
MOHAMMAD AL IMRAN Executive Dyeing finishing 01682608036
Submitted to:
MD. AMINUL ISLAM
B.Sc. in Textile Engineering (DU), MBA (IIUC)
Manager (Dyeing Finishing), MKC
Aminul28_tex@yahoo.com
Mobile no: 01758563556, 01912527128
2. Page | 2
CONTENTS
Sl. No Content Pg. No
01. General information 03
02. Buyers 04
03. Physical infrastructure and organogram 05
04. Management system 06
05. Batching 07
06. Dyeing lab 08
07. Dyeing section 14
08. Dyeing curve of several dyeing process 17
09. Finishing section (Production and QC) 25
10. Quality Assurance system 29
11. Conclusion 32
3. Page | 3
General information about MKC
Name of the Company Meghna Knit Composite Ltd.
Type 100 % Export Oriented Composite
knitwear Industry
Factory Address: Gilarchala, Sreepur, Gazipur,
Bangladesh.
Contact No +880-2-9854591-6
E-mail Address all@meghnaknit.com.bd
Year of Establishment 2006
Business 100% export oriented knit fabrics
manufacture & readymade knit
garments exporter
Products Knit Fabrics & Knit Garments
No. Of employees (dyeing & finishing) 415
Legal Form of Company Private Limited Company.
Product mix
01. Single jersey
02. Lycra single jersey
03. Terry
04. Fleece
05. 1X1 Rib
06. 2X1 Rib
07. 2X2 Rib
08. 5X2 Rib
09. Interlock(Waffle)
10. Design S/J
Fabric quality
01. 100% Cotton
02. Modal Cotton –
03. Organic Cotton (Bio Cotton)
04. PIMA Cotton
05. CVC
4. Page | 4
06. PC
07. 100% Viscose
08. Cotton Lycra
09. Grey Mélange
10. Ecru Mélange
11. Cotton slub
12. Yarn dyed
13. Organic slub
Buyers
Serial no Name of buyers Origin
01 Next United Kingdom
02 H&M Sweden
03 Marks & spencer(M&S) United Kingdom
04 Peek & Cloppenberg(P&C) Germany
05 Tesco PLC England
06 Cubus Norway
07 Mayoral United kingdom
08 Dressmann Norway
09 C&A Belgium
10 Decathlon France
11 RBSR BD
12 Multi Fabs BD
13 Park scene BD
14 Cross line BD
15 Shad fashion BD
16 Jumer Fashion BD
17 LC Waikiki Turkey
5. Page | 5
Physical Infrastructure
Organogram of Dyeing and Finishing section
MKC
Knitiing
Dyeing & Finsishing
Production
Q.C
Garments
Admin
Maintenence
Marketing &
merchandizing
GENERAL MANAGER
PRODUCTION (01)
AGM
PRODUCTION (01)
DYEING &FINISHING MANAGER(01)
Lab(AM & DM)
Batch(AM)
Dyeing(DM)
Finishing(AM)
Quality(Sr.Executive)
6. Page | 6
Management System
In MKC all the necessary administrative decisions are given my Managing
Director which are rendered to all other officers by Executive Director and
Technical Director. All the Management officials and staffs are highly skilled
and dedicated to their work. So the management system of MKC is work
efficient and regular.
Shift Change:
The industry has three shifts. They are:
1. Shift 01 Duration: 8 Hours.
2. Shift 02 Duration: 8 Hours.
3. Shift 03 Duration: 8 Hours.
Workers get one-hour break time. Shift change depends on the work order
and production. There is a supervisor in every shift who takes the working
activities & understands his responsibilities from previous supervisor during
shift change.
Responsibilities of Production Officer:
The responsibility of a Senior Production Officer / Production Officer is to
control and supervise processes. They are also responsible to maintain a
healthy working environment and maintain good relation with superior
management officials and with the workers. It is a responsibility of a Senior
Production Officer / Production Officer to achieve target production in
required time. When any fault or defects is found in product, the blame goes to
Senior Production Officer / Production Officer. A Senior Production Officer /
Production Officer must find ways to minimize overhead expenditures and
also try to make a batch more profitable. Being in-charge of the floor it is his
responsibility that the production process is efficient and smooth.
7. Page | 7
Batching
Batching is the receiving section of grey fabric and sending section of grey
fabric to the dyeing section which will dye. Batching is the process to get
ready the fabrics which should be dyed and processed for a particular lot of a
particular order.
Two types of Batching:
1. Solid
2. Assort
Batch contains body of garments as well as collar-cuffs according to the
design.
Required Quantity =
𝐵𝑎𝑡𝑐ℎ 𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦
× 𝐷𝑖𝑎 𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦
For Solid batch only the fabrics of same diameter along with the collar/cuffs
will be considered. For Assort the fabrics of all diameters along with the
collar/cuffs will be considered.
Machine Used In the Batching Section
M/C Name: Air Turning Machine
No of M/C: 02
Company: DONGNAM Industrial Co., LTD. South Korea
M/C Name: Bag Sewing Machine
No of M/C: 02
Company: Hsing Cheng, Taiwan
8. Page | 8
Dyeing Lab
SL
No.
Machine Name Manufacturer Name Remarks
01. GyroWash James heal, UK
Washing
Machine
02. Wascator Electrolux, Sweden
03. Wascator Electrolux, Sweden
04. Dyna Wash James heal, UK
05. Siemens Siemens, Turkey
06. Electrolux Tumble Dryer Electrolux, Sewden
Dryer07. Acudryer James heal, UK
09. Whirlpool Tumble Dryer USA
10. GSM Cutter Made in Bangladesh
11. Sewing M/C Single Needle
12. Sewing M/C Over lock
13. Shrinkage Template SDL, UK
14. Shrinkage Ruler SDL, UK
15. Incubator SDL, UK
16. Perspirometer (ISO &
AATCC)
SDL, UK
17. Solution Stirrer Made in Korea
18. PH meter USA
19. Orbital Shaker (PH) Germany
20. Crocking Meter SDL, UK
21. Tru Burst James heal, UK
22. Titan James heal, UK
23. Orbitor Pilling M/C James heal, UK
24. Vervide Light Box Verivide, UK
25. Pilling Assessment
Viewer
James heal, UK
26. Pilling Assessment
Viewer
James heal, UK
27. Digital Weight Scale Ohaus, USA
28. Data Color China
29. IR dryer lab dyeing China
30. Ahiba lab dyeing USA
31. Mathis lab dyeing Switzerland
32. Water Heater Local
9. Page | 9
Colorfastness to Rubbing
Test Specimen
Two pieces not less than 14cm × 5cm are required for dry rubbing and two for
wet rubbing. One specimen of each pair shall have the long direction parallel to
the wales (length) and the other parallel to the courses (width).
Test Procedure:
A. Dry rubbing
01. Lock the test specimen onto the base of the crock meter. The length or
width direction of the test specimen should be parallel to the direction in
which the rubbing is to be conducted.
02. Set a 5cm×5cm rubbing cloth on the figure of the crock meter by using
spiral clip. The weave of the test cloth should be parallel to the direction of
rubbing.
03. Lower the covered finger onto the test sample & make ten complete turns
of the crank, at the rate of one turn per second.
04. Remove rubbing cloth from the finger evaluate it for staining using grey
scale under standard light source (D65).
05. One test is done for lengthwise & another for widthwise.
B. Wet rubbing
01. All the process same as dry rubbing here rubbing cloth needs to be wetted
in distilled water& ensure 100% water take up (i.e. 1 gm. fabric weight
increased to 2.0 gm. after wetting).
02. Air dries the rubbing cloth at room temperature before evaluation.
Buyer’s Requirement
Buyer Dry Rubbing Wet Rubbing
CUBUS 4(3-4) 2
H & M 4 2-3
Next 4 N/A
C & A 4(3) 3-4(2)
Tesco 4 3
10. Page | 10
Colorfastness to Wash
Test Specimen
Cut out a specimen of 10 cm × 4 cm and make sure all colors are included in it.
Sew it along all four edges with the same size of multi-fiber fabric.
Test Procedure (Method Followed: ISO 105 C06 B2S)
1. Put the test specimen in a solution of 4g/L ECE Detergent & 1 g/L
Sodium Per borate with 25 steel balls at a ratio 1:50 and treated for 30
minutes at 500C.
2. Then Wash with distilled water for 1 minute.
3. Then wash with tap water for 1 minute.
4. Then dry in normal air.
5. Assess the change in shade & degree of staining with grey scale.
Buyer Requirement
Buyer Grading Washing
CC, CS
4, 4-5
CUBUS
Color
Staining
AC 3-4
Next CO 4.0
H & M NY 3.4
C & A PO 3.4
TESCO AC 4
Wo
Color Fastness to Perspiration
Test Specimen
Cut out a specimen of 10 cm × 4 cm and make sure all colors are included in it.
Sew it along all four edges with the same size of multi-fiber fabric.
11. Page | 11
Reagent
Name Alkali Acid
l-Histidine mono-hydrochloric mono-hydrate
(C6H9O2N3HCl.H2O)
0.5 gm 0.5 gm
Sodium Chloride 5.0 gm 5.0 gm
Disodium hydrogen orthophosphate dihydrate
(Na2HPO4.2H2O)
2.5 gm 2.2 gm
Distilled Water 1000
ml
1000
ml
PH ( Adjust with 0.1N NaOH) 8.0 5.5
Test Procedure (Method Followed: ISO 105 E04: 1994)
1. Wet out the test specimen in perspiration solution at room temperature
, liquor ratio 1:50 and leave for 30 minutes
2. Pour off excess solution and place this composite test specimen
between two arylic plates under a pressure of 12.5 kPa and then place
in an oven for 4 hours at 37±20C.
3. Remove the specimen and hang to dry in warm air not exceeding 600C.
4. Evalute with grey scale.
Buyer Requirement
Buyer Grading Washing
CC, CS
3-4, 4-5
Acid Alkali
CUBUS
Color
Staining
AC 4
Next CO N/A
H & M NY 3.4
C & A PO 3.4
TESCO AC -
12. Page | 12
Dimensional Stability to Washing
Test Specimen
The minimum size for a stability square is 50 x 50cm. testing on smaller pieces
is not acceptable. Lay the fabric to relax for 4 hours on a bench in ambient
conditions so that it is smooth and tension free. Do not use the fabric within
5cm of the selvedge. Place the template on the fabric with the side of
the template parallel to the length (warp) direction. Mark the three width and
length marks in pairs 35cm apart, (see additional notes below for different
fabric types). Draw around the edge of the template, do not round off the
corners.
Draw an arrow outside the measurement area, to denote the length (warp)
direction prior to cutting from the main piece.
Template
Test Procedure
01. After 4 hours conditioning mark the fabric with template for both
(border to border & hole to hole).
02. Sew it along 3 side & one side is kept open in length side.
03. Treated with 25g/L Persil for 40 minute at buyer recommended
temperature.
13. Page | 13
04. Line dry.
05. Condition for 4 hours.
06. Measure (distance form hole to hole measured and average is taken).
Buyer requirements
Buyer Dimensional Stability to Washing (%)
Length (%) Width (%) Spirality
(%)
CUBUS ±5 ±5 ≤5
NEXT S/J (-6), Rib (L-6 & W-8), Fleece (L-6 & W-8), Other Ly.(
L&W-5), Lycra S/J (L&W = -6)
≤5
H&M ±5 ±5 General ≤5
& Trouser
≤8
C&A -6.0, +2.0 -6.0, +2.0 Maximum 5
TESCO -7, +1 -9, +1 5
24. Page | 24
Bio-Polishing
After-treatment
Neutralization
Acetic-Acid = 400C × 20 Min
Soaping (Depend on Shade)
Soaping –RD = 900C × 10 Min
Fixing (If Required)
Fixing – ECO = 400C × 20 Min
A. Acid (600
C × 10min)
Peroxide Killer – SAP
(450
C × 15 Min)
Acid + Enzyme
(550
C × 1hr)
700
C × 10’
25. Page | 25
Finishing section (Production and QC)
List of machines in finishing section (production & Quality)
M/C#01: Slitting m/c
Brand: Bianco
Origin: Italy
No of m/cs: 03
Specification: Padder pressure up to 80 meter/min
Functions:
01. Open tubular fabric
02. Application of finishing chemicals in padder
03. Squeezing of excess water from fabric
M/C#02: Stenter machine
No of m/c: 3
Brand: Bruckner
Origin: Germany
Specification:
01. Bruckner 01: Chember-06
Blower-24
Burner-12
02. Bruckner02: Chember-08
Blower-32
Burner-16
03. Hasgroup03(TTM): Chember-08
26. Page | 26
Blower-32
Burner-16
Functions of stenter m/c:
01. Heat setting
02. Drying
03. GSM control
04. Fabric width control
05. Dimensional stability
06. Application of softener
07. Chemical curing
08. Skew and bow control
09. Weft straightening
Parameters:
01. Temperature (can be raised up to 210 degree Celsius)
02. Time
03. Machine speed
04. Overfeed
05. Width of the fabric
06. GSM of the fabric
07. Padder pressure
M/C#3: Compactor machine
No of m/c: 02
Brand: Lafer
Origin: Italy
Functions of compactor m/c:
01. Shrinkage control
02. GSM control
03. Fabric width control
04. Dimensional stability
27. Page | 27
05. Calendaring/ironing
Parameters:
01. Temperature (can be raised up to 210 degree Celsius)
02. Time
03. Machine speed
04. Overfeed
05. Width of the fabric
06. GSM of the fabric
M/C#4: Fabric inspection table
No of m/c: 04
Brand: UZu
Origin: Thailand
Functions of fabric inspection m/c:
01. Faults identification
02. Width checking
03. Shade matching
04. Final checking before sending to cutting
28. Page | 28
Parts of machine to be maintained used in dyeing & finishing section
Mechanical:
01. Line clean m/c
02. Lubrication
03. Air pressure
04. All belt
05. Bearing
06. Gearbox
Electrical:
01. Inverter
02. Motor
03. Fabric lamp
04. Panel board
05. Auto stopper
06. Wearing and fuse
07. Electrical safety
08. PLC card
09. Circuit breaker
29. Page | 29
QUALITY ASSURANCE SYSTEM
After collecting fabric rolls from different m/cs, they are inspected or assured
required quality by the quality inspectors as if there were no big production
hampered and no complain from the buyers. Here are the details about it.
The quality assurance department is assigned to maintain consistently
uniform quality of the material in process & various stages of its
manufacturing.
Objects of quality control
01. Process control
02. Process development
03. Product testing
In Dyeing section:
01.After approval from the buyer, sample dyeing is done in dyeing
m/c, in dyeing shed & again matched with the approved sample.
02. If result is OK, then balk production is commenced.
03.During dyeing process, before the final acid wash, samples are taken
and checked for accurate shade matching.
04.After dyeing sample is collected & matching is done.
05.Rubbing and wash fastness tests are carried out.
In finishing section:
01.Correctly dyed, after treated & matched fabrics are allowed for
finishing.
02.By using a series of finishing machines correct width, softness &
appearance are maintained according to requirements.
03. Then sampling is done several times to test GSM, Shrinkage & fastness
properties.
04.Finally, fabric is inspected & prepared for delivery.
30. Page | 30
Quality is specified on the basis of 4-points system
Here is the point distribution for different kinds fault in this system:
Up to 3” in length: 1 point
3” to 6” in length: 2 point
6” to 9” in length: 3 point
Over 9” in length: 4 point
Quality pts. / Per 100 square meter= 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡×𝐺𝑆𝑀/( Roll weigth×10)
Shade check:
The shade achieved is to be checked several times while in process & at
finished state to ensure the customers demand under recommended light
source. Generally, the shade is checked at the following stage
-After dyeing
-After drying
-After trial for finishing
-After finishing
Grey Fabric Faults:
01.Hole
02.Barrie mark
03.Oil spot
04.Contamination of foreign particles
05.Bowing in case of stripe fabrics
06.Inadequate pressing
07.Unwanted marks on fabric
08.Pin holes
09.Sanforize pucker
10.Pressing producing shine on fabric
11.Folding defects
31. Page | 31
Rejection criteria for collar & cuff
No. Faults Response
1. Wrong ply Reject
2. Hole Reject
3. Needle line Reject
4. Slubs Reject
5. Wrong design Reject
6. Fly & contamination Acceptable for color but not for white
7. First round problem Reject
8. Uneven tension Discuss with manager
9. Missing yarn Reject
10. Crease line Reject
11. Rust line Reject
12. Oil Stripe Reject
13. Thick-thin Reject
14. Wrong tube Reject
Remedies:
01.Identical dyeing procedure should be followed for the same depth of the
Shade and batch.
02.Ensure proper heat setting for lycra/synthetic fabrics
03.The pH, hardness and sodium carbonate content of supply water should
check daily.
04.Proper machine speed in slitting m/c, stenter m/c and compactor m/c
Proper mixing of softener chemicals
05.Definite temperature maintenance for definite fabrics
06.Online gsm, fabric width check during passing through
sterner/compactor
07.Other finishing parameters such as shrinkage, spirality , bursting
Strength, phenolic test, fastness tests etc. should be checked during
operation to maintain desired quality of the fabric
32. Page | 32
Conclusion
Industrial attachment will give us our expected destiny of practical life. By the
completion of 1 week of Industrial attachment at MKC, we have got the
impression that the factory is one of the most modern export oriented knit
composite in Bangladesh. Though it was established only 10 years ago, it has
earned “very good reputations “for its best performance over many other
export oriented textile mills. During observations, following problems were
detected
01.During the transportation of the fabric on the dyeing floor & also during
the loading of the machine, fabrics are soiled by the contact with floor.
This makes the fabric/part of the fabric dirty.
02.It may require more dyeing/finishing agent or may create stain, less
finish requirements etc. making it faulty.
03.The- dyeing & finishing floor is watery most of the time. It should be
kept clean all the time.
04. Many time the dosing pipelines are clogged due to the careless dosing
of the chemicals. The supervisors should supervise the floor more
sincerely.
05.The machine stoppage time should be analyzed & minimized. The
maintenance should be carried out when the machine is out of action
(wherever possible).
During the observation period we have received co-operation & association
from the dyeing & finishing floor’s full & found almost all man, machines &
materials on appreciable working condition. All staffs & officers were very
sincere & devoted to their duties to achieve their goal.