Presentation on process, pollution and control in textile industry. Fiber, Fabric Production and Pollution, Environmental Effects, way out... Different kind of processes and pollutions

1. Process, Pollution & Pollution
Control in Textile Industry.

2.  Fiber Production
 Yarn Manufacturing Process or Spinning Process.
 Fabric Manufacturing Process or Weaving Process/Knitting
Process
 Wet Processing or Dyeing, Printing, Finishing Process
 Garments Making Process
Processes

3. Fiber Production & Pollution

4.  Wool pollution: both agricultural and craft workers in the UK suffer from
exposure to organophosphate sheep dip problem.
 Nylon and polyester - made from petrochemicals, these synthetics are also
non-biodegradable, and so they are inherently unsustainable on two
counts. Nylon manufacture creates nitrous oxide, a greenhouse gas 310
times more potent than carbon dioxide.
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS OF TEXTILE FIBRES

5.  Cotton:
– Cotton is the most pesticide intensive crop in the world: these pesticides
injure and kill many people every year. It also takes up a large proportion
of agricultural land, much of which is needed by local people to grow their
own food.
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS OF TEXTILE FIBRES

6. Yarn Production & Pollution

7.  Simple gear
 Continuous gear train
 Chain drive
 Bevel drive
 Worm and worm wheel
 Variable drive
 Pawl drive
Causes Of Noise Pollution In Spinning Mill:

8.  Ginning factories discharge large amounts of cotton dust.
 Poor relative humidity follow-up the department.
 Blow down on blow off is the cleaning of equipment and surface with
compressed air.
 Cleaning of clothing or floors with compressed air.
Causes of Air Pollution-

9.  Usage of spring loaded cans and carts as waste receptacles
creating dust dispersion during comparison of the spring loaded
bottoms.
 Poor working conditioning/procedures and cleaning methods.
 Improper handling of waste during transportation.
 Insufficient ventilation system.
Causes of Air Pollution

10. Fabric Production & Pollution

11.  Fabric is the material or cloth made from natural or man-made
yarns using one of the following methods:
– Weaving, layering warp and fill yarns, with three basic types of weaves:
 Plain
 Twill
 Satin
Fabric Production

12. – Knitting, with one continuous yarn broken into two kinds of knits:
 Weft
 Warp
– Nonwoven, where yarns are bonded or interlocked using mechanical,
chemical, thermal, hydro or solvent.
Fabric Production

13. Just Hilarious

14.  Fast fashion uses innovative
production and distribution
models to dramatically shorten
fashion cycles, sometimes getting
a garment from the designer to
the customer in a matter of a
weeks instead of months
Increased Production and Consumption

15.  A polyester shirt has more than double the carbon footprint of a cotton shirt (5.5 kg vs. 2.1 kg,
or 12.1 pounds vs 4.6 pounds).
 Polyester production for textiles released about 706 billion kg (1.5 trillion pounds) of
greenhouse gases in 2015, the equivalent of 185 coal-fired power plants' annual emissions.
Climate Change

16. Wet Processing

17.  Dyeing
Wet Processing
 Printing
 Finishing

18.  Bangladesh boasts as the world’s number two garment exporter.
– Every third European has a t-shirt made in Bangladesh on his back.
– Every fifth American wears jeans manufactured in Bangladesh.
– But this is not a story of how many million pieces we export.
– This is a story of the invisible price we pay every time a jeans rolls out of a factory in
Bangladesh. The western buyers little know how much water, that precious resource, was used
to wash and dye his trousers.
Water: Garments’ invisible price

19. – Every year 1,500 billion liters of water is used to
 dye and wash
– According to International Finance Corporation.
 This is enough to fill up
–600,000 Olympic swimming pools. Or,
 This same water can meet the demand of
–8 lakh people for a whole year.
Overuse of groundwater

20.  Two things happen
– As more and more water is
pumped out, the water table goes
down. We can find this actually
happening in Dhaka where every
year the water level is dropping by
2.5 percent.
Outcome

21. The pollution point

22.  Bangladesh uses 250 litres of water whereas the
global standard is 60 to 70 litres for a single pair of
jeans weighing 1kg.
 That is four times less than what we use. Experts say
this use of water can be further reduced to 13.5
litres.
 Every year, around 21.6 million cubic metres of
water were saved by the intervention of Partnership
for Cleaner Textile (PaCT) programme of the IFC,
which worked with 200 factories.
A WAY OUT
21.6 million cubic
metres
water is
what 804000 people
consume in 1 year

23.  Cleaner Production reduces
water use from 174 to
52 litres/kg
 70% less use of water in 2 years
Partnership for
Cleaner Textile (PaCT)

24. Garments Manufacturing

25. Bangladesh garment industry at a glance
$28.14 billion from garment export in 2016
Global market share 6.4%
RMG sector 82% of country’s total export
4.4 million workers
4000 garment factories
$50bn export target by 2021

26. Garments Making
• Fabric Processing
• Pattern and Cutting
• Value Addition
• Sewing
• Finish Product

27.  Air Pollution
 Water Pollution
 Noise and Vibration Pollution.
Garments Making Pollution are three groups:

28.  In general, there are two type of source of noise generation, which creates noise pollution.
1. Dynamic source: These are due to air jet, international or periodic discharge of gas, fan
noise, hydraulic pump noise, and combustion flow generation noise.
2. Mechanical source: These are due to impact of bearings and slide ways, tooth engagement
of gears, electrically induced vibration in electric machines.
Machine process such as sewing machine, cutting machine, generator etc.
Source of noise pollution:

29.  Cleaning of clothing or floors with compressed air is prohibited.
 Floor sweeping will be done by vacuum or other methods design to minimize the
breathing of dust
 Waste will be handled by mechanical means. Manual handling should be limited as much
as possible.
 Ventilation system should be inspected regularly.
 Complete enclosures around the room reduce the level of noise of noise from 30-60 dB.
 Vibration isolators prevent the generation of noise.
 Damping or foamed coating surface reduce the amplitude of noise.
Prevention & Practice

30. Questions & answers