Die Geschichte der Computer (Faszination Technologie)

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Die Entwicklung der Computerhardware und UIs bis 2014 mit Fokus auf Verdeutlichung von Technologie-Evolution und Größenordnungen.

Technologie

Information Technology
History & Future
Teil 1
From there to here
Foto:jurvetson/Flickr

iPhone 5S 16 GB - 699 € 2014
1990
● 16 GB Solid State Speicher
● 1 GB RAM
● 18000 MIPS (1.3 GhZ Dual Core 64 bit CPU)
●
123.8 mm x 58.6 mm x 7.6 mm = 55135,57 mm³ ~ 55,1 cm 3
Macintosh IIfx – 12.700 €
● 80 MB Festplatte
● 4 MB RAM
● 10 MIPS (40 MhZ 32 bit CPU)
●
14 cm x 47,5 cm x 36.6 cm = 24339 cm3

RAM Kosten 1990: 98 € per MB
4 MB x 1800 – 250 MB = 6950 MB RAM
Das sind 681 100 € „zu viel“
x 1800
MIPS: 18000 / 10 = 1800
Speicher: 16000 / 80 = 200 ( x 10 = 2000)
RAM: 1000 / 4 = 250
Vergleich
Kostenberechnung
12700 € x 1800 – 681100 € = 22 178 900 €
Volumen 24339 cm3
x 1800 = 43810200 cm³ ~ 44 m³

ISO Container 40 Fuß
67,6 m3
Foto:AbodeofChaos/Flickr

Chart:RayKurzweil/Singularity.com
Ankythera ENIAC DG Nova

User Interfaces 1
MITS Altair 8800
1975 1981
IBM PC
Macintosh
1984

User Interfaces 2
Windows 95
1995 2008
Android
2012
Google Glass

Analytical Engine
C. Babbage, 1837
Mechanical, > $25 million
24.4 kB „RAM“, 3.77 x 10-7
MIPS

ENIAC
1946
Vacuum Tubes, $6 million
9.54 x 10-5
MB RAM, 0.003 MIPS
Programming:
Switches & cables
I/O:
cards

IBM 7090
1959
Transistors, $ 22,9 million
0.141 MB RAM, 0.326 MIPS
I/O:
Tape, cards, printers
http://starringthecomputer.com/feature.html?f=38

Data General Nova
1969
Integrated Circuits, $ 49000
0.008 MB RAM, 0.1175 MIPS
I/O:
Punched paper tape
Disk drives
Control
Switches & Lamps

MITS Altair 8800
1975
Intel 8080 CPU, $ 2175
0.00024 MB RAM, 0.01 MIPS
Programming:
Switches & cables
I/O:
cards

Prozessor - Daten
http://www.frc.ri.cmu.edu/~hpm/book97/ch3/processor.list.txt

Bildquellen:
Flickr
Wikipedia
Openclipart.org
Ray Kurzweil / KurzweilAI.net / Singularity.com

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Die Geschichte der Computer (Faszination Technologie)

1. Information Technology History & Future Teil 1 From there to here Foto:jurvetson/Flickr

2. Wie teuer wäre ein iPhone 1990 gewesen?

3. iPhone 5S 16 GB - 699 € 2014 1990 ● 16 GB Solid State Speicher ● 1 GB RAM ● 18000 MIPS (1.3 GhZ Dual Core 64 bit CPU) ● 123.8 mm x 58.6 mm x 7.6 mm = 55135,57 mm³ ~ 55,1 cm 3 Macintosh IIfx – 12.700 € ● 80 MB Festplatte ● 4 MB RAM ● 10 MIPS (40 MhZ 32 bit CPU) ● 14 cm x 47,5 cm x 36.6 cm = 24339 cm3

4. RAM Kosten 1990: 98 € per MB 4 MB x 1800 – 250 MB = 6950 MB RAM Das sind 681 100 € „zu viel“ x 1800 MIPS: 18000 / 10 = 1800 Speicher: 16000 / 80 = 200 ( x 10 = 2000) RAM: 1000 / 4 = 250 Vergleich Kostenberechnung 12700 € x 1800 – 681100 € = 22 178 900 € Volumen 24339 cm3 x 1800 = 43810200 cm³ ~ 44 m³

5. ISO Container 40 Fuß 67,6 m3 Foto:AbodeofChaos/Flickr

7. Chart:RayKurzweil/Singularity.com Ankythera ENIAC DG Nova

8. Karten („punched card“)

9. Foto: smjbk / Flickr

10. Hard drive capacity

11. S Curve (Technology Substitution)

12. Chart:RayKurzweil/Singularity.com

13. Chart:RayKurzweil/Singularity.com

14. User Interfaces 1 MITS Altair 8800 1975 1981 IBM PC Macintosh 1984

15. User Interfaces 2 Windows 95 1995 2008 Android 2012 Google Glass

16. Danke! Photo:Fishtail@Taipei/flickr

17. Antikythera 100 BC

18. Analytical Engine C. Babbage, 1837 Mechanical, > $25 million 24.4 kB „RAM“, 3.77 x 10-7 MIPS

19. ENIAC 1946 Vacuum Tubes, $6 million 9.54 x 10-5 MB RAM, 0.003 MIPS Programming: Switches & cables I/O: cards

20. IBM 7090 1959 Transistors, $ 22,9 million 0.141 MB RAM, 0.326 MIPS I/O: Tape, cards, printers http://starringthecomputer.com/feature.html?f=38

21. Data General Nova 1969 Integrated Circuits, $ 49000 0.008 MB RAM, 0.1175 MIPS I/O: Punched paper tape Disk drives Control Switches & Lamps

22. MITS Altair 8800 1975 Intel 8080 CPU, $ 2175 0.00024 MB RAM, 0.01 MIPS Programming: Switches & cables I/O: cards

23. Prozessor - Daten http://www.frc.ri.cmu.edu/~hpm/book97/ch3/processor.list.txt

24. Bildquellen: Flickr Wikipedia Openclipart.org Ray Kurzweil / KurzweilAI.net / Singularity.com

Hinweis der Redaktion

http://ns1758.ca/winch/winchest.html → $9 per MB (= 6,6 €) HDD space 16 GB = 16000 MB Geizhals 2014: * 30 € / TB harddrive * 0,30 € / GB Speichersticks (= 300 € / TB) * 0,36 € / GB Speicherkarten → nehme Faktor von 10 an. 6,6 € * 16000 * 10 = 1 056 000 € MIPS: http://www.frc.ri.cmu.edu/~hpm/book97/ch3/processor.list.txt → iPhone 5S MIPS: 18200 MIPS NB: Raspberry PI MIPS: 1000 → günstiger je MIPS als iPhone
Log vertical scale Exponential growth „Transistor count doubling every two years“ Gordon E. Moore, Intel Co Founder 1965 Capabilities strongly linked to Moore&apos;s law: * processing speed * memory capacity * sensors
Ankythera: 100 BC Astro. Ber., Olympische Spiele ENIAC: 1946 H-Bombe Data General Nova: 1969 Erster kommerzieller Computertomograph
Jacquard loom (Webstuhl) Wahlen (Hollerith, später IBM durch Mergers) United States National Archives Records Service facility in 1959. * 2000 Karten je Karton 20 rows of pallets, each row 15 pallets wide, pallets stacked two high at least Each pallet contains 45 boxes of punched cards Each card: 80 characters, total 4.3 billion characters of data in this storage facility = 4 GB
10x Datenmenge Toshiba: 256 GB bis hin zu 1 TB HEUTE machbar, jedoch von Kunden noch nicht angenommen (Angst vor Verlust der Karte)
Engelbart 1966 – Hypertext GUI, Keyboard, Mouse MITS Altair 1975 – Hobbyist market („popular electronics mag.“), Intel 8080 CPU („the first truly usable microprocessor“). Sold thousands in the first month. Operated (initially) by toggle switches & red LEDs 8086 – 1978 (16 bit data bus) 8088 – 1979 (8 bit data bus) ← Original IBM PC processor, compatibles, clones, MS DOS, IBM BIOS reverse engineered, off-the-shelf components, 90 % market share in 1990 Apple I – 1976 („breaking mainframe paradigm“) 1977 Commodore PET, C64: 1982 Xerox PARC, Steve Jobs 1979 (1985-1997 NeXT)
Windows 95 Start Menu (vorher „program manager“) Stable (!), 32 bit OS Protected memory, preemptive multitasking (am Mac erst 2002). Task bar (open applications, start, tray) Apple market share 12 % in 1992 peak 1998 iMac („bondi blue“) 2001 iPod 2008 HTC Dream erstes Android Handy Erstes iPhone: 2007
FORTRAN, COBOL, assembler NASA: Mercury & Gemini Spaceflights, 7094 in Apollo Missions (Apollo 11 moon landing) SABRE Airline Reservation System In Film Dr. Strangelove zu sehen.
The Nova influenced the design of both the Xerox Alto (1973) and Apple I (1976) computers, and its architecture was the basis for the Computervision CGP (Computervision Graphics Processor) series. Its external design has been reported to be the direct inspiration for the front panel of the MITS Altair (1975) microcomputer. As of 2004 there are still 16-bit Novas and Eclipses running in a variety of applications worldwide, including air traffic control Basic Algol, Fortran IV, Cobol, Switches: Control „step by step“ through code, restart, select boot device, … Nova 1200 hat erste kommerzielle CT Maschine betrieben.