A guest lecture given in 2nd Master Commercial Engineering at the University of Ghent about the CHOOSE approach for Enterprise Architecture for Small and Medium Sized Enterprises.

1. FACULTY OF ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION
Enterprise Architecture for Small and
Medium-Sized Enterprises
Maxime Bernaert
Promoter: Prof. Dr. Geert Poels
Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management 27/11/2012

2. FACULTY OF ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION
Draw your house
Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management 27/11/2012

3. FACULTY OF ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION
Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management 27/11/2012

4. FACULTY OF ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION
Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management 27/11/2012

5. FACULTY OF ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION
Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management 27/11/2012

6. FACULTY OF ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION
Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management 27/11/2012

7. FACULTY OF ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION
Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management 27/11/2012

8. FACULTY OF ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION
Draw your company
Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management 27/11/2012

9. FACULTY OF ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION
Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management 27/11/2012

10. FACULTY OF ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION
Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management 27/11/2012

11. FACULTY OF ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION
Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management 27/11/2012

12. Enterprise Architecture
FACULTY OF ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION
Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management 27/11/2012

13. Enterprise Architecture
FACULTY OF ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION
Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management 27/11/2012

14. Enterprise Architecture
FACULTY OF ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION
Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management 27/11/2012

15. Enterprise Architecture
Enterprise Architecture (EA)1: a holistic
approach to keep things aligned in a company
(IT - business, operations - strategy)
Holistic overview:
 Optimization of the company as a whole
(essentials are more stable than specific solutions)
 Strategy --> Operations
 Understood by all those involved
1Lankhorst M (2009) Enterprise Architecture at Work: Modelling, Communication and Analysis.
Springer-Verlag, New York
Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management 15

16. Enterprise Architecture
Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management 16

17. Enterprise Architecture
Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management 17

18. Enterprise Architecture
Some advantages:
 Common architecture from multiple stakeholders
 Overview with different viewpoints
 Testing environment
 Analysis and optimization
 Change impact analysis
 Find best-fitted ERP system
Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management 18

19. Enterprise Architecture for SMEs
Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises2
 European definition
• <= 250 employees
• Annual turnover <= 50 million euros or total assets <=
43 million euros
2European Commission (2003) Recommendation 2003/361/EC: SME Definition. Official Journal of
the European Union 46 (L 124) (6)
Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management 19

20. Enterprise Architecture for SMEs
Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises
 Important for economy3
• 20.8 million SMEs in Europe (99.8% of all companies)
• 19.2 million micro enterprises (<= 10 employees,
turnover <= 2 million euros or total assets <= 2 million
euros)
• 70% of European jobs, 58.4% of gross production
3European Commission (2010) Are EU SMEs Recovering from the Crisis? Annual Report on EU
Small and Medium Sized Enterprises 2011
Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management 20

21. Enterprise Architecture for SMEs
EA for SMEs???4,5
 Not known in SMEs
 Not used in SMEs
4De Nil S, Deprost E, Bernaert M, Poels G (2012) Van Strategie tot Procesmodellering in Kleine en
Middelgrote Organisaties: Een Exploratief Onderzoek. University of Ghent, Ghent
5Devos J (2011) IT Governance for SMEs. University of Ghent, Ghent
Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management 21

22. Enterprise Architecture for SMEs
Problems faced by SMEs
 Lack of structure and overview in the company6
100%
Survival Rate
70%
50%
33%
25%
0 2 5 10 15
Year
6O'Gorman C (2001) The Sustainability of Growth in Small- and Medium-Sized Enterprises. Int J
Entrep Behav Res 7 (2):60-75
Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management 22

23. Enterprise Architecture for SMEs
Problems faced by SMEs
 ERP adoption (fit with current business)?
 Communication (processes, strategy)?
 Concrete job description?
 Strategy and processes change (alignment?)
 Asses impact of changes?
 Different stakeholders?
 New CEO?
 Knowledge as a production factor?
Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management 23

24. Enterprise Architecture for SMEs
Solutions provided by EA
 Easier to find a suitable ERP system
 Processes and strategy are explicitly modeled
 Job description can be queried
 Processes are explicitly linked with strategy
 Different domains are interrelated
 Stakeholders are linked with their goals
 Knowledge of CEO can be made explicit
 Entrepreneurial knowledge can be shared
Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management 24

25. Enterprise Architecture for SMEs
EA for SMEs???
 Not known in SMEs
 Not used in SMEs
 Adoption models
Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management 25

26. Adoption Models
Technology Acceptance Model7
 Most referred model for information technology
adoption
 Perceived usefulness: the degree to which a
person believes that using a particular system
would enhance his or her job performance
 Perceived ease of use: the degree to which a
person believes that using a particular system
would be free of effort
7DavisFD (1989) Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use, and User Acceptance of Information
Technology. MIS Q 13 (3):319-340
Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management 26

27. Adoption Models
Technology Acceptance Model
Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management 27

28. Adoption Models
Method Evaluation Model8
 Model for method evaluation of IS design research
 TAM and Methodological Pragmatism9:
“Regardless of the potential benefits of IS design
methods published, unless they are used in
practice, these benefits cannot be realized”
8Moody DL The Method Evaluation Model: A Theoretical Model for Validating Information
Systems Design Methods. In: Proceedings of the 11th European Conference on Information
Systems, Naples, Italy, 2003
9Rescher N (1977) Methodological Pragmatism: A Systems-Theoretic Approach to the Theory of
Knowledge. Basil Blackwell, Oxford
Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management 28

29. Adoption Models
Methodological Pragmatism
Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management 29

30. Adoption Models
Method Evaluation Model
Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management 30

31. Enterprise Architecture for SMEs
EA for SMEs???
 Increase the perceived usefulness
• Increase actual effectiveness
• Advantages for SMEs in practice
 Increase the perceived ease of use
• Adapt methods to an SME context (in practice)
• Complexity10 (= 1/actual efficiency) must be decreased
 From actual to perceived efficacy
• Test in SMEs: feedback + EA gets better known
10Rogers EM, Shoemaker FF (1971) Communication of Innovations: A Cross-Cultural Approach.
The Free Press, New York
Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management 31

32. Enterprise Architecture for SMEs
Research steps
Small and medium sized enterprises
Enterprise architecture Validation
Criteria CHOOSE metamodel
Case studies
CHOOSE method
Criteria for tools Tool support
Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management 32

33. Enterprise Architecture for SMEs
Research steps
Small and medium sized enterprises
Enterprise architecture Validation
Criteria CHOOSE metamodel
Case studies
CHOOSE method
Criteria for tools Tool support
Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management 33

34. Enterprise Architecture for SMEs
Five criteria for SMEs (derived from
characteristics)
1. The approach should enable SMEs to time efficiently
work on strategic issues
2. A person with limited IT skills should be able to apply the
approach
3. It should be possible to apply the approach with little
assistance of external experts
4. The approach should enable making descriptions of how
things are done in the company
5. The CEO must be involved in the approach
Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management 34

35. Enterprise Architecture for SMEs
Five criteria for EA (derived from definition)
1. Control: “Controlling the complexity of the enterprise.”
2. Holistic Overview: “EA has to capture the essentials of
the enterprise (more stable).”
3. Objectives: “Translation from corporate strategy to daily
operations.”
4. Suitable for its target audience (here: SMEs):
“Understood by all those involved.”
5. Enterprise: “Optimization of the company as a whole
instead of doing local optimization within individual
domains.”
Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management 35

36. Enterprise Architecture for SMEs
Research steps
Small and medium sized enterprises
Enterprise architecture Validation
Criteria CHOOSE metamodel
Case studies
CHOOSE method
Criteria for tools Tool support
Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management 36

37. Enterprise Architecture for SMEs
Research steps
Small and medium sized enterprises
Enterprise architecture Validation
Criteria CHOOSE metamodel
Case studies
CHOOSE method
Criteria for tools Tool support
Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management 37

38. Enterprise Architecture for SMEs
Five criteria for EA (derived from definition)
1. Control: “Controlling the complexity of the enterprise.”
2. Holistic Overview: “EA has to capture the essentials of
the enterprise (more stable).”
3. Objectives: “Translation from corporate strategy to daily
operations.”
4. Suitable for its target audience (here: SMEs):
“Understood by all those involved.”
5. Enterprise: “Optimization of the company as a whole
instead of doing local optimization within individual
domains.”
Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management 38

39. Enterprise Architecture for SMEs
Five criteria for EA (derived from definition)
1. Control: “Controlling the complexity of the enterprise.”
2. Holistic Overview: “EA has to capture the essentials of
the enterprise (more stable).”
3. Objectives: “Translation from corporate strategy to daily
operations.”
4. Suitable for its target audience (here: SMEs):
“Understood by all those involved.” (Simple)
5. Enterprise: “Optimization of the company as a whole
instead of doing local optimization within individual
domains.”
Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management 39

40. Enterprise Architecture for SMEs
Existing EA techniques
Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management 40

41. Enterprise Architecture for SMEs
CHOOSE metamodel
Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management 41

42. CHOOSE
Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management 42

43. CHOOSE basic concepts
Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management 43

44. Modeling an SME with CHOOSE
Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management 44

45. Know-Why
Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management 45

46. Modeling an SME with CHOOSE
Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management 46

47. Know-Who
Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management 47

48. Modeling an SME with CHOOSE
Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management 48

49. Know-How
Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management 49

50. Modeling an SME with CHOOSE
Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management 50

51. Know-What
Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management 51

52. Modeling an SME with CHOOSE
Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management 52

53. Integrated Model
Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management 53

54. Enterprise Architecture for SMEs
Research steps
Small and medium sized enterprises
Enterprise architecture Validation
Criteria CHOOSE metamodel
Case studies
CHOOSE method
Criteria for tools Tool support
Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management 54

55. Enterprise Architecture for SMEs
Research steps
Small and medium sized enterprises
Enterprise architecture Validation
Criteria CHOOSE metamodel
Case studies
CHOOSE method
Criteria for tools Tool support
Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management 55

56. Case study research
My thesis: “Business Architecture Modeling
for SMEs: case study research to refine and
validate the CHOOSE-method”
 Refine
Case study research at
Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises
 Validate
Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management 56

57. Overview
CHOOSE- CHOOSE- CHOOSE- CHOOSE-
method 1 method 2 method 3 method 4
Action Case Case Case
…
Research Study 1 Study 2 Study 3
CHOOSE-method:
• CHOOSE-metamodel
• CHOOSE implementation method
Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management 57

58. Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises
Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management 58

59. Action Research: Profile Tyrecenter (1)
 Step 1: Goal tree: Balanced Scorecard:
Financial, Learning & Growth, Internal Process and
Customer Goals
 Step 2: In order to build a complete goal tree, I
complemented Step 1 with the Porter’s Value Chain
framework (Primary & Support activities)
Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management 59

60. Action Research: Profile Tyrecenter (2)
Step 3: Adding the Actors and Objects to the
CHOOSE-model based on visual inspection
and interviews
Step 4: Based on the Porter’s Value Chain
framework and the job description of
Actors, the Operations are added to the
model
Step 5: Validation
Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management 60

61. Action Research: Profile Tyrecenter (3)
Snapshot of the Goal tree
Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management 61

62. Action Research: Profile Tyrecenter (4)
The CHOOSE-method
Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management 62

63. Case Study 1: Buro Nova
Why Buro Nova as case study?
• Strong growth
• Organizational changes
What’s in it for them?
• Dynamic overview (tool support)
• Impact analysis
• Conflicting goals
• Facilitates strategic thinking
• Strategic and operational
analysis
Result:
As I recommended, they have
purchased a new office in order to
remove this growth barrier
Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management 63

64. Case Study 2: Sanicomfort
Why Sanicomfort as a case study?
• Dynamic industry
• “Big” (fragmented) Small and Medium-Sized Enterprise
What’s in it for them?
• Facilitates strategic thinking
• Strategic and operational analysis
• Overview with different viewpoints (different stakeholders)
Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management 64

65. Case study research: academics
 The Method Evaluation Model (D.L. Moody, 2003)
 Perceived Ease of Use Evaluated by the case
study firm
 Perceived Usefulness
 Intention to use
 CHOOSE-method’s 10 criteria
 Case study research: Design and Methods (Yin, 2003)
 Evaluating quality of conceptual modelling scripts
based on user perceptions (A. Maes, G. Poels, 2007)
Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management 65

66. Enterprise Architecture for SMEs
Research steps
Small and medium sized enterprises
Enterprise architecture Validation
Criteria CHOOSE metamodel
Case studies
CHOOSE method
Criteria for tools Tool support
Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management 66

67. Enterprise Architecture for SMEs
Research steps
Small and medium sized enterprises
Enterprise architecture Validation
Criteria CHOOSE metamodel
Case studies
CHOOSE method
Criteria for tools Tool support
Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management 67

68. Enterprise Architecture for SMEs
Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management 68

69. Tool support
Why is tool support necessary?
 Case studies
 Academic sources
Tool outline
 Three main functionalities
Demo
Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management 69

70. Tool support: case studies
Case study evidence of the need for tool support
Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management 70

71. Tool support: case studies
Case study evidence of the need for tool
support:
Input
Storage
Data retrieval
Data adjustments
Analysis
Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management 71

72. Tool support: academics
Literature on enterprise architecture consistently emphasizes the
necessity for tool support:
 A field of study which we view as not adequately addressable in practice
without tool support due to the inherent complexity of this field
 There are three areas where critical problems arise in the process of
enterprise architecting: modeling, managing, and maintaining EAs
 Enterprise architects and domain architects need tools to support the
whole architecture lifecycle
 EA management should be supported by tools, which support distributed
access to consistent data, offer the possibility to structure the information
managed, and also aid users in filling out their role in the EA management
process
 …
Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management 72

73. Tool outline
Input
Easy interface
No drawing tool
Integration of all concepts and relationships
Adjust
Search functionality
Modular overview
Easy interface
Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management 73

74. Tool outline
Output (in progress)
 Automatic visualisation
 As-is/to-be analysis
 RACI charts
 Data export to MS Excel
The goal is to minimize effort and maximize value
through automation, simplification, visualisation, mistake proofing, …
Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management 74

75. Demo
Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management 75

76. Tool support
 Settings  Security  Unknown sources
Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management 76

77. Tool support
Why on mobile devices?
Why Android?
Tool design choices
Demo
Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management 77

78. Tool support: Why on mobile devices
Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management 78

79. Tool support: Why Android
Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management 79

80. Tool support: Design choices
Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management 80

81. Enterprise Architecture for SMEs
Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management 81

82. Past Work
 Integrating the semantics of events, processes and tasks across requirements engineering
layers
Bernaert M, Poels G, PhD Day FEB UGent 2010, May 28th, Ghent
 A Consolidated Enterprise Reference Model - Integrating McCarthy's and Hruby's Resource-
Event-Agent Reference Models
Laurier W., Bernaert M., Poels G. 2010. ICEIS (3), pp. 159-164
 Integrating the semantics of events, processes and tasks across requirements engineering
layers
Bernaert M, Poels G, 2010. Proceedings of the Doctoral Consortium of the 22nd International
Conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering
(CAiSE'10), Hammamet, Tunisia, 2010, pp. 11-19.
 The Quest for Know-How, Know-Why, Know-What and Know-Who: Using KAOS for Enterprise
Modelling
Bernaert M, Poels G, PhD Day FEB UGent 2011, May 24th, Ghent
 Het Realiseren van een Globaal Procesoverzicht bij Gedecentraliseerde Procesarchitecturen
Vancaeneghem T., Bernaert M., Poels G., 2011, Thesis
Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management 82

83. Past Work
 The quest for know-how, know-why, know-what and know-who: using KAOS for enterprise
modeling
Bernaert M, Poels G, 2011. 6th International Workshop on Business/IT Alignment and
Interoperability (BUSITAL), London, UK, 2011. In: LECTURE NOTES IN BUSINESS INFORMATION
PROCESSING 83: 29-40.
 The Quest for Know-How, Know-Why, Know-What and Know-Who: Using KAOS for Enterprise
Modelling
Bernaert M, Poels G, 2011, Proceedings of the 6th SIKS Conference on Enterprise Information
Systems, pp. 15 - 16, Conference on Enterprise Information Systems (EIS2011) (Delft (The
Netherlands)).
 De zoektocht naar Know-How, Know-Why, Know-What en Know-Who: architectuur voor
kleinere bedrijven in vier dimensies
Bernaert M, 2011, Informatie, November nummer, 34-41.
 Review: A How-To Guide to Successful Enterprise Architecture: The Strategic Fit between
Business and IT
Bentham Science Publishers, 2012
 Enterprise architecture for small and medium sized enterprises
Bernaert M, Poels G, PhD Day FEB UGent 2012, May 25th, Ghent
Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management 83

84. Past Work
 Keuzes Maken binnen Processen: Het Vermijden van een Russische Roulette voor de
Organisaties
Heyse M., Bernaert M., Poels G. (2012), Thesis
 Van Strategie tot Procesmodellering in Kleine en Middelgrote Organisaties: Een Exploratief
Onderzoek
De Nil S., Deprost E., Bernaert M., Poels G. (2012), Thesis
 Enterprise Architecture for Small and Medium Sized Enterprises
Bernaert M, 2012, In: Poels G, Gailly F, De Backer M (eds) Doctoral Consortium of the 6th
International Conference on Research and Practical Issues of Enterprise Information Systems
(CONFENIS 2012), Ghent, Belgium
 Enterprise Architecture for Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises
Bernaert M, Poels G, 2011, Proceedings of the 7th SIKS Conference on Enterprise Information
Systems, Conference on Enterprise Information Systems (EIS2012) (Nieuwegein (The
Netherlands)).
 Enterprise Architecture for Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises
Bernaert M, Poels G, 2013, Accepted for Information Systems and Small and Medium-sized
Enterprises (SMEs): State of art of IS research in SMEs
Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management 84

85. Past Work
In progress
 Mapping the CHOOSE metamodel on ArchiMate
Roose D., Vansteenlandt J., Bernaert M., Poels G. (2012), Thesis
 Softwareondersteuning voor een business architectuur in Access en Java
Ingelbeen D., Bernaert M., Poels G. (2013), Thesis
 Business architecture modelling in CHOOSE: an internationalized application for Android
tablets
Maes J., Bernaert M., Poels G. (2013), Thesis
 Next generation media: a user-friendly Android tablet application for business architecture
modelling
Dumeez J., Bernaert M., Poels G. (2013), Thesis
 Business architectuur modellering in CHOOSE: een gebruiksvriendelijke applicatie aangepast
aan de user interface van de iPad
Verhulst P., Bernaert M., Poels G. (2013), Thesis
 Business architectuur modellering in KMO’s: case study onderzoek ter verfijning en validatie
van de CHOOSE-methode
Callaert M., Bernaert M., Poels G. (2013), Thesis
Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management 85

86. Past Work
 Business architectuur modellering in CHOOSE: een gebruiksvriendelijke applicatie voor de
iPhone
Puylaert O., Bernaert M., Poels G. (2013), Thesis
 Softwareondersteuning voor een business architectuur in Eclipse
Zutterman S., Bernaert M., Poels G. (2013), Thesis
 Next generation media: a user-friendly iPad application for business architecture modelling
Otte M., Bernaert M., Poels G. (2013), Thesis
 The development of an optimal visualisation for enterprise architecture (ArchiMate)
Paesschesoone J., Bernaert M., Poels G. (2014), Thesis
 Het ontwikkelen van een optimale visualisatie voor business architectuur (CHOOSE)
Boone S., Bernaert M., Poels G. (2014), Thesis
 Het evalueren van enterprise architectuur methoden op basis van de regel van 7
Morina A., Bernaert M., Poels G. (2014), Thesis
Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management 86

87. Future Work
 More case studies (started)
 Effective in examining application in real-world scenarios, particularly in
emerging research domains11
 Formalize metamodel (ConceptBase & OCL) (planned)
 Develop method (started)
 Finish tool support (half way)
 Link with ArchiMate (started)
 Develop an optimal visualisation (started)
 Further develop CARP as a domain ontology
11YinRK (2003) Case Study Research: Design and Methods, vol 5. Applied Social Research Methods
Series. Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks, USA
Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management 87

88. Questions
Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management 88