1. Political Science Review

2. Define Democracy

3. E.E. Schattschneider “A competitive political system where leaders define the public policy so that the public can participate in decision making” Ingredients?

4. Conflict Competition Organization Leadership Responsibility Popular Sovereignty?

5. “Power to the People” Conditionally: Gov. policies reflect Popular Will People Participate High quality info and Debate Majority rules Political Equality?

6. “Equal Say” Political Liberty

7. Basic freedoms essential to form Popular Will and create policy. Aristotle's Ideals:

8. Polity- being ruled by the middle class. AKA: Gov. that neither the low (ignorant) or high (envious) can control at the expense of the majority Humans are perfectionists working to better ourselves through introspection and the community by what we think is best “Being fully human” must take a back seat to “political virtue” Wrote: Politics Nicolo Machiavelli’s ideas?

9. Believed in a more self interest people who care about themselves and their family and less on being “introspective” Humans are run by the rules not rulers. Virtue is political virtue Ancient ideal of man?

10. Life is an endless cycle of people ever living and dying for the Glory that was Rome The Christian View? (Jesus’ teachings)

11. People have dignity as individuals because they are significant to God. People’s lives should be turned to Godly service (not Roman) History is not a cycle but a linear progression of man and mankind People must have two selves (so to speak) separating their political self (the good of the community) from their true spiritual self (faith filled self) <-(beginnings of separation of church and state) Justinian Pandects?

12. Individual Property Ownership What did the Protestant Reformation do?

13. They claimed leadership/politics/power should be untouched by religion (this had been after the catholic church had given over to corruption) But then continued to rule with an iron fist Martin Luther did what?

14. Wrote the “95 thesis” challenging the church in Germany Translated the bible from Latin to German What were his ideals?

15. Individual importance The relationship between the individual and God existed Wealth won’t give you salvation Your conscience affects God’s relation to others You must read the scripture You must give to the Christian Doctrine (the common good) Benefits of the Age of Enlightenment:

16. Natural laws govern humans Criticism of absolute monarchy/church dogma’s Promotion of individual freedom Liberalism?

17. Political theory founded in goodness of human beings and the autonomy of the individual, favoring civil and political liberties, Gov. by consent of people and protection from arbitrary authority. Liberal Democracy?

18. Emphasizes the importance of individual rights and liberty, including the right to own property Thomas Hobbes?

19. Everyone has an equal ability to attain contentment People constantly motivated to realize the objects of their desires. And therefore are ever looking over their shoulders fearing someone will take their desires or worth (such as property) To obtain these desires they have to have “power” or the necessary means turning the state of nature into a state of war. So people must turn to a Gov. that will secure the individual. In turn the people must obey they Gov. = an absolute Gov. or ruler. He introduced Liberal Ideology saying individuals give the Gov. the consent to Gov. John Locke wrote?

20. The Second treaties of Government Essay Concerning Human Understanding His Beliefs?

21. The human mind is a “blank slate” knowledge comes from experience . Unlike Hobbes and the Church Locke felt people were focused on self interest and didn’t have a tendency to submit to authority The social contract theory- man in a state of nature by mutual consent created a government to protect their natural rights: Life, Liberty, and Property. Approved monarchy run by a constitution giving rights to every citizen. When government denies your rights you have the right to over throw them. Define: Direct Democracy

22. Direct participation democracy where people actively and directly ruling themselves where citizens are able to regularly meet to debate and make decisions Define: Representative Democracy

23. Ruled by the people, indirectly, through elected representative. Life in1600’s England

24. Feudal system: Kings granted land to Barons who offered their services Serfs worked the land Beliefs: Social Order & The Temporal Authority: The King Spiritual order to teach faith Neither interfered with each other Thomas Aquinas: Natural Laws

25. Eternal Law: Timeless relationship to God (what you should believe) Natural Law: Comes from Reason. The standards of Good and Evil (how you should act) Divine Law: Comes from revelation. The revelation of mortality. Human Law: Conduct/natural law in day to day life Key Ideas to The Declaration of Independence:

26. Legislative Gov. can only be established by the people and is created to protect the people’s inalienable rights. (Second Treaties on Government) IF this Gov. fails and the peoples rights are threatened then people can abolish the current Gov. and create their own. (the idea of a Social Contract) Omissions of Declaration

27. Slavery Political status of : Women, Native Americans, African Americans Problems with the Articles of Confederation

28. Excess of Democracy in states Threat to property rights in the states Consensus and Conflict with the Constitution

29. Consensus Strengthen the national Gov. Conflict How strong should the National Gov be? (Federalists- Strong central) New Jersey Plan?

30. Anti Federalist view: New Jersey Plan Unicameral with legislature seats apportioned equally among the states. Slightly stronger national Gov. but with state sovereignty. The Virginia Plan?

31. Federalist view: Virginia Plan Strong central Gov. Legislative seats apportioned to the states based on population. Power to appoint executive and judiciary as well as veto laws. The Great Compromise?

32. Bicameral legislative House of Representatives: seat apportion based on state Population Senate: seat apportion equal for each state The Constitution Article 1:

33. Establishes the Legislature Sect. 7 All raising/spending bills must originate in the house Sect. 8 Enumerated powers: collecting taxes, commerce, etc. Commerce Clause: regulation of commerce with foreign nations, interstate, and native Americans Necessary and Proper Clause: “the Elastic clause” the right to create what ever laws are necessary giving “implied powers” Contract Clause: No state can pass a law that impairs a contract Article 2:

34. Establishes the rights of the Executive Branch Electoral College formula: for each state # House of R. + # of Senate = # Electoral College votes Texas: 32+2=34 Electoral College Votes Article 3:

35. The rights of the independent judiciary system: the one supreme court Congress holds the right to create inferior courts. Article 4:

36. Full faith and Credit clause: Debts in one state are carried to other states. Privileges & immunities clause: Privileges in one state are recognized by other states Sect. 4: The federal Gov. grants each state it’s protection against invasion and domestic violence. Article 5:

37. How to amend the constitution 2/3rds of the House (281) 2/3rds of the Senate (67) 3/4ths of the States (38) Article 6:

38. Supremacy clause:National laws are Superior to state laws No religious oaths when coming into office Article 7

39. Ratification process of the New Constitution The END