1. Horblit Health Sciences Library Nursing Middle Range Theory
& Applications
visit the Library for articles on these theories
Middle Range Theory Theorist/s Idea Application
Complementary Nursing
Therapies for Pain and Stress:
Acute Pain Management Relaxation and Music for Provide clinicians with
(Adults) Postoperative Pain; Stress and prescriptions for pain
Goode & Immunity; and Integrated reduction and a
Moore Research Reviews. conceptual basis for pain
interventions.
CHANGE study
Great Lakes GIT
Assist nurses in managing
Provide clinicians
clinical pain and to expand
with prescriptions for
Acute Pain Management Huth & the knowledge and research
pain reduction and a
(Children) Moore base in children's pain.
conceptual basis for
pain interventions.
Escape Artists
Influenced by Roy’s adaptation
Adaptation to Chronic model. Adaptation leads to coping
Dunn, K
Pain skills.
Karen S Dunn
Focuses on wholeness of person, Examines contemporary
Advancing Technology, as influenced by technology. technology in mainstream
Locsin, R
Caring and Nursing health care and its impact
Advancing technology, caring, and
on the quality of that care.
nursing
Connecting with self-in-relation
through intentional dialogue to Patient-centered dialogue
Attentively Embracing
Liehr & Smith create ease. as a means to finding
Story
solace.
Attentively Embracing Story
Provides framework for
organizing observations of patient
Behavioral systems and behavior, increasing consistency Increase interdisciplinary
Auger, J and continuity of care. communication in
nursing
healthcare.
A Patient classification system based on the
behavioral system model of nursing
Caregiver Effectiveness Smith et al. Influenced by Roy. Identifies Promotes proactive
Model factors that influence patient and intervention for increasing
caregiver outcomes when quality of life.

2. technology is present.
The Efficiency of Families Providing
Ventilator Care at Home
Grounded in a relational ontology
Holistic, family-centered
of being-in-relation, and a world
approach in advanced
Caring Theory Watson, J
view of unity and connectedness
caring.
of All.
Loving and Caring
Nurses can plan
Provides a framework for interventions that
understanding and working with recognize it as a
Eakes, Burke, people following a single or normal reaction,
Chronic Sorrow
& Hainsworth ongoing loss. promote healthy
adaptation, and
Middle-range theory of chronic sorrow provide empathetic
support.
As patients and families are
strengthened by actions of nurses,
Comfort Kolcaba, K.
they can better engage in health Nurse-sensitive outcomes.
seeking behaviors.
The Comfort Line
Health promotion and disease Model offers
management strategies can improve opportunities for intensive
Community Hildebrandt & outcomes through the development of education, assessment,
self-care management, behavior
Empowerment Persily intervention, and support
change, and skill building. Domestic
Violence and Pregnancy in Rural West
throughout healthcare
Virginia process.
Specifies focus of inquiry and may
thus lead to the development of Can affect how
Conceptual Model for theories which will prove useful nurses care for
Adam, E not only to nurses but to other patients in a time-
Nursing
health professionals as well. effective and cost-
efficient manner.
J Adv Nurs. 1983 Jan;8(1):41-5
Stresses teamwork, biocultural
Helps the caregiver
ecology and workforce issues, in
provide culturally
providing culturally sensitive and
acceptable care that
Cultural Competence Purnell, L competent care to improve client improves clients'
outcomes. satisfaction and
health status.
Purnell's Model
Deliberative Nursing Orlando, IJ Sees nursing as the means of Focuses on
Process communication

3. providing direct assistance to
within the nurse-
individuals to avoid, relieve,
client relationship
diminish, or cure the person's and identifies the
sense of helplessness. validation process as
essential to effective
Ida Jean Orlando's Nursing Process
nursing care.
Theory
Nurses alter the
Expresses a new unifying idea
environment so
about the phenomenon of peaceful
family would have
Ruland & end of life for terminally ill the privacy with
End of Life Care patients.
Moore patient or so that
various religious or
Theory construction based on standards
cultural customs
of care
could be enacted.
Triangulation of Orem's self-care
deficit theory of nursing, the trans-
theoretical model of exercise Exercise reduces the
Exercise as Self Care Ulbrich, S. behavior, and characteristics of a risk of cardiovascular
population at risk for CVD. disease (CVD) and
promotes health.
Nursing Practice Theory of Exercise as
Self-Care
Protective factors
Acute stressors, when help families survive
Family Stress and LoBiondo-
accumulated, could lead to family multiple contextual
crises. stressors, and to
Adaptation Wood, G
competently parent
ABCX Model of Family Stress (Hill) despite chronic and
acute stressors.
A result of studying
the adaptation
A personality resource comprising of response of
(a) the commitment dimension, (b) individuals to chronic
Health-related Hardiness Pollock, S. the control dimension, and (c) the
illnesses such as
challenge domain. The health-related
hardiness scale and AU Pollock diabetes mellitus,
hypertension, and
rheumatoid arthritis.
Heuristic device that encourages Can be used as a
scholars to integrate variables that basis for structuring
Health Promotion Pender, N.
have been shown to impact health nursing protocols and
behavior. Health Promotion Model interventions.
Holistic self-care model Popkess- Uses Apter’s Reversal Theory as a Combines the
(Weight loss) Vawter, S basis for cognitive restructuring to successful physical,
identify negative self-talk that can cognitive, and
lead to overeating. psychological
essentials of healthy

4. approaches for
weight reduction as a
Concept Analysis: Holism means of promoting
weight control.
To help female
patients avoid the
A new instrument to measure inner weight gain,
strength in women with chronic depression, anxiety
illness. Inner strength is defined as a and other issues that
Inner Strength in Women Roux, G
central human resource that promotes commonly occur
well-being and healing. inner strength after cancer
and AU Roux treatment and during
treatment of other
chronic illnesses.
The model defines the May identify new
interactive and collective determinants of
contributions of a survivor, health-related
family, and provider to behavior that can be
adherence to protocols, targeted to protect
Interaction Model Cox, C
reduction of risk behavior, the health of
and promotion of health- childhood cancer
protective behavior. A Model of survivors and reduce
Health Behavior to Guide Studies of their risk of late
Childhood Cancer Survivors sequelae.
Most useful to apply
during nursing
Provides framework to facilitate
Interpersonal Relations practice in order to
Peplau, MR nurse-patient interactions.
Model understand nurse-
Interpersonal relations and AU Peplau
patient interactive
phenomena.
A theoretical explanation to account
for the process of change; includes Help patients with chronic
Learned Response to perceived severity of illness, illnesses learn to respond
Braden, CJ
Chronic Illness Theory limitation, uncertainty enabling skill, so that their health
self-help and life quality. Overcoming outcomes improve.
violence, depression and HIV
Explains the mechanisms Explains why care is
through which suffering the contextual
affects an individual's sense framework through
Mastery over stress Younger, J of community and which alienation is
connectedness with others. reversed and
Mastery over stress and AU connectedness
Younger achieved.
Maternal Identity Rubin, R The stages of MI are (1) Help patients adjust
seeking safe passage; (2) to, endure, and
ensuring the acceptance of usefully integrate
the child by others; (3) health problem

5. binding in or bonding with the
fetus; and (4) learning to give
of oneself. Stepping Up: What's New: situations.
Stress in Pregnancy & Motherhood
Readiness.
The nurse tries to
make sense of his or
This Glasserian grounded theory her experiences
study utilized volunteer and through
Moral Reckoning in
Nathaniel, A purposive sampling to recruit a remembering, telling
Nursing
sample of 21 registered nurses. the story, examining
Moral reckoning in nursing conflicts, and living
with the
consequences.
Therapeutic use of self with Expert nurse's
Nurse As Wounded Conti-O'Hare, addicted clients in early recovery. mutual health
Healer M The Theory of The Nurse As Wounded patterning with the
Healer client.
Dreyfus model of skill
acquisition and applied it to Unites the practice of
Nursing expertise Benner, P nursing, with Lazarus and nursing and the
Heidegger. nursing expertise patient’s perspective.
and AU Benner
Nurse-expressed Uses Orlando's Theory of the
Olson & Faith community, times of
empathy and patient Deliberative Nursing Process. Joanne
Hanchett transition, public health.
outcomes K. Olson
The pivotal role early Protocols to help
intervention therapy can play health care workers
in preventing later problems assess infant
Parent-Child Interaction
Barnard, K in behavior, cognition and development and
Model
emotional development. intervene to promote
Parent-Child Interaction (PCI) parent-infant
Feeding & Teaching Scales interaction.
It is important to
Links psychological processes and the nursing as it offers
immune system. underpinning theory
PNI Nursing Theory Bennett, M
Psychoneuroimmunology and AU to support good
Bennett caring and
empathetic nursing.
Using Colaizzi's methodology, a
theoretical model of quality that Humanistic approach
Quality of nursing care Larrabee J provides a framework for to improving patient
understanding health care quality. satisfaction.
AU larrabee and quality
Reimaging (body image Norris, Kunes- Physical alterations in Assist clients:

6. appearance or functioning anticipate potential
have the potential to needs or problems,
Connel, & influence self-esteem. Reimaging provide information
disruption) after an alteration in appearance or and support, and
Stockard
function involved 3 phases with explore alternative
assimilation, accommodation, and problem solving
interpretation strategies.
Resilience is a four-dimensional Transform stressful
construct consistent with the experiences of
Resilience Polk, L simultaneity paradigm of nursing patients into
science. resilience and theory and opportunities for
nursing increased growth.
Extending primarily from the illness
Constellation Model and Preserving Recovery and
Self, a five-stage model, the theory rehabilitation may be
Responding to Threats to focuses on the individual and how the
used for
Morse, J individual seeks self-comforting
Integrity of Self understanding and
strategies to mediate the experience.
Insight, Inference, Evidence, and supporting patient
Verification: Creating a Legitimate responses.
Discipline
Understanding a
A substantive theory of client's experience
restructuring identified three while attempting
Restructuring: An stages in the process of losing behavior change is
emerging theory on the Johnson, R weight. These stages and key crucial for the
elements of the weight loss development of
process of weight loss
process are presented. interventions that
Restructuring and emerging address difficult and
theory and weight loss costly health
behaviors.
To provide appropriate health
care interventions for Provide appropriate
nontraditional mothers so health care
Role Attainment Mercer, R they could successfully attain intervention for
a strong maternal identity. nontraditional
Becoming a mother versus maternal role mothers.
attainment
Self-control is a limited and Interventions should
consumable resource much be aimed at helping
Self Control Strength O'Connell, K like the strength of a muscle. quitters conserve
Self-Control Depletion during Smoking their self-control
Cessation resources.
Self-efficacy Resnick, B Self-efficacy expectations and Help motivate older
outcome are not only adults to adhere to
influenced by behavior, but health care.
also by verbal

7. encouragement, physiological
sensations and exposure to
role models. Barbara Resnick
Using Martha Rogers' conceptual
model and lifespan developmental Human beings have
theory to provide the conceptual the potential to
Self Transcendence Reed, P
perspective on spirituality in integrate difficult life
Nursing. self transcendence and AU situations.
Reed
Discrepancy between Patient’s distress
expected and experienced during and after
physical sensations during a surgery or invasive
Sensation Theory Johnson, J
threatening experience will procedures could be
result in distress. Studies and their reduced by patient
Hypotheses teaching.
Helping people
Studies the power relationship recover their
personal story of
between nurses and the people in
Tidal Model Barker, P distress, as a first
their care. Clarifying the Value Base of step towards
Recovery reclaiming control
over their lives.
Improvements in
The theory explains how cognitive reframing,
people construct meaning for cancer knowledge,
illness events, with patient-health care
Uncertainty Mishel, M
uncertainty indicating the provider
absence of meaning. communication, and
uncertainty theory and AU Mishel a variety of coping
skills.
Accurate representation of the
Lenz, Pugh, complexity and interactive nature of Help patients to
Unpleasant Symptoms Milligan, Gift, the symptom experience. The middle- better control over
& Suppe range theory of unpleasant symptoms: their symptoms.
an update.
Utilization of Health Mikhail, B A person will take a health-related Used with great
Belief Model action if that person: feels that a success for almost
negative health condition can be half a century to
promote greater
avoided, has a positive expectation
condom use, seat
that by taking a recommended belt use, BSE,
action, she will avoid a negative medical compliance,
health condition, and believes that and health screening
she can successfully take a use.
recommended health action. Factors
associated with breast self-examination

8. among Jordanian women.
Conceptualized within
Leininger's caring framework,
Help to care for the
Vigilance (Nursing theory this examines the experience
Carr, J patient as well as the
of) of family members staying at
loved ones.
the bedside of hospitalized
relatives. vigilance and AU carr