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2. The miracle of conception is one of the complex processes that the female
reproductive system can do with help of the nervous system and hormones of the
endocrine system.

3. The female reproductive system produces gametes (egg cells),
secretes hormones, and encloses and supports the developing
offspring. It consists of two parts: the external parts composed of
clitoris, two sets of labia (labia minora and labia majora), and the
vaginal opening and the internal parts: (ovaries, uterus, oviduct or
fallopian tube, cervix, and vagina).

4. External Parts
• 1. Clitoris – This a small organ which is
responsible for sexual stimulation
located at the vaginal opening.
• 2. Labia minora – This a pair of
innermost thin skin folds that is part of
the genitals.
• 3. Labia majora – This is a pair of the
outermost fat-padded skin folds which
is also part of the genitals.
• 4. Vaginal opening – this is the organ
for sexual intercourse and also acts as
the birth canal.

5. Internal Parts
• 1. Ovaries – are the female gonads
which are located at the right and
left depression of the upper pelvis.
They produce the ovum or the
eggs.
• 2. Oviduct or fallopian tube – This
is a pair of tubes with fingerlike
projections at the opening that
draws catches the oocyte released
by the ovary.
• 3. Uterus (Womb) – Is a muscular
organ in which the embryo
attaches in the lining called the
endometrium.

6. Internal Parts • 4. Cervix - This is a narrowed
region or the neck of the uterus
that leads to the vaginal canal. It
opens or dilates when the female
delivers a baby.
• 5. Vagina – It is the female
copulatory organ which transfers
the sperm. This is also where the
menstrual blood and tissues are
expelled from the body.

7. The walls of the vagina give lubrication to the penis during copulation.
It also expands during intercourse and childbirth. The hymen is a
membrane that surrounds and partially covers the opening of the vagina.
The Menstrual Cycle
• Day 1
- The first day of your menstrual period is considered day 1 of your
cycle.
• Day 5
- The hormone estrogen signals the endometrium to grow and
thicken.

8. • Day 14
- An egg is released from the ovary and moves into one of the
fallopian tubes.
• Day 28
- If the egg is not fertilized hormone levels decrease, and the
endometrium is shed during menstruation.
The hormonal changes and their effects are called menstrual cycle.
The typical menstrual cycle is about 28 days but it can be also varied. The
menstrual cycle is a natural phenomenon that occurs in the female
reproduction system, specifically, the ovaries and the uterus that makes
the pregnancy possible. The first period, also known as the menarche of
the woman, begins between the ages of 12 – 15 years old.

9. The purpose of reproductions in humans is to produce their own
kind with the use of the reproductive organs of the mother and the father.
The male reproductive system secretes male sex hormones,
produces male gamete (sperm cell), and transfers it to the female
reproductive system in order to form an embryo which will later on
develop into a baby.

10. The male reproductive system is also divided into two parts: the
external (scrotum and penis) and the internal parts (prostate gland,
urethra, ejaculatory duct, seminal vesicle, bulbourethral gland, or
Cowper’s gland vas deferens, epididymis, and the testis).

11. External Parts
• 1. Penis – This is the male organ
for intercourse and the same
time the organ for urination. It
has a rounded head known as
glans, at the tip of the narrower
shaft.
• 2. Scrotum – It envelops the
testes. It is a sac of skin that is
found slightly between the legs to
give the testes a slightly lower
temperature in order for the
sperm cells to live.

12. Internal Parts
• 1. Gonads or testes – The gonads
produce gametes or sex cells and
secrete testosterone (male sex
hormones).
• 2. Epididymis – It is a pair of coiled
ducts where the newly formed
sperms are conveyed from the
testes. This is where the perms
mature and are stored.
• 3. Vas deferens – It is the pair of
ducts that carries the mature
sperm from the epididymis to the
penis. These are the longest ducts
of the male reproductive glands.
• 4. Bulbourethral glands (Cowper’s
gland) – This is a pair of exocrine
glands that secretes mucous.

13. Internal Parts
• 5 . Seminal vesicles – This is a pair
of exocrine glands that
contributes fructose-rich fluid to
semen.
• 6. Ejaculatory ducts – This is a
pair of ducts that carries sperm to
the penis.
• 7. Prostate glands – This is an
exocrine gland that contributes
alkaline fluid to the semen.
• 8. Urethra – It is a duct with dual
functions: It excretes urine at
some time and acts as channel for
ejaculation of sperm cells during
sexual arousal.

14. During arousal, blood fills the spongy, erectile tissues in the penis causing it to
become hard, erect, and enlarged. When the male reaches the peak of its arousal or
climax, the semen is expelled in the urethral opening. This process is called ejaculation.
The sperm is the gamete of males that contain their genetic information. The structure
of a sperm is somewhat close to the structure of a tadpole. It has three main parts,
namely:
1. The head, in which the genetic material is stored that will eventually unite with
the egg cell. The head of the sperm contains the nucleus. The nucleus holds the
DNA of the cell.
2. The neck or middle piece, which contains the mitochondria that provides the
sperm energy in its way to the egg cell.
3. The tail, which is responsible for the motility of the sperm enabling it to swim in
the fluid.