1. Cradle to Cradle in the Built Environment
ERASMUS UNIVERSITY ROTTERDAM
Erasmus University Rotterdam:
Rotterdam School of Management (RSM) &
Dutch Research Institute for Transitions (DRIFT)
Cradle to Cradle® and C2C® are registered trademarks held by McDonough Braungart Design Chemistry, LLC (MBDC).
Cradle to Cradle® in the Built
Environment
@ UT May 8th
Academic Chair ‘Cradle to Cradle for Innovation and Quality’

2. Cradle to Cradle in the Built EnvironmentCradle to Cradle in the Built Environment
‘CRADLE TO CRADLE FOR INNOVATION AND QUALITY’
8 May 20132
1. Erasmus University Rotterdam
“Cradle to Cradle for Innovation
and Quality”
Rotterdam School of Management
- Summary last Seminar
2. University Twente
“Cradle to Cradle in Industrial
Design Engineering”
3. Technical University Delft
visiting professor of
Building Design Technology
Faculty of Architecture
- Last C2C lab
• Technische Universität München
Cradle to Cradle Followship
Fakultät für Bauingenieur-
und Vermessungswesen
Fakultät für Architektur
- Upcoming event June 4th

3. Cradle to Cradle in the Built EnvironmentCradle to Cradle in the Built Environment
‘CRADLE TO CRADLE FOR INNOVATION AND QUALITY’
8 May 20133
Department of Decision and Information Sciences
Rotterdam School of Management (RSM)
Katja Hansen
Senior Researcher
Diana den Held
Senior Researcher
Douglas Mulhall
Senior Researcher
prof.dr. Michael
Braungart
Marleen Lodder
PhD Student

4. Cradle to Cradle in the Built EnvironmentCradle to Cradle in the Built Environment
MARLEEN LODDER
– PhD-candidate Erasmus University Rotterdam (since October 2011)
• Rotterdam School of Management (RSM)
• Dutch Research Institute for Transitions (DRIFT)
– Background
• Master Architectural Engineering, Technical University Eindhoven
• Bachelor Built Environment, Avans Hogeschool ‘s Hertogenbosch
– PhD proposal
• Vision for Area Development
• Beneficial Area’s
• Economic-, Ecologic- and Social-Cultural capital
• Process
• Scale and scalability
8 May 20134

5. Cradle to Cradle in the Built EnvironmentCradle to Cradle in the Built Environment
CRADLE TO CARDLE® IN THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT
Michael Braungart & William McDonough
"We do not want sustainability, because that is not enough. We want real quality.“
(Braungart)
“A delightfully diverse, safe, healthy and just world - with clean air, soil, water and power -
economically, equitably, ecologically, and elegantly enjoyed.”
(McDonough)
Source: http://www.amazon.com Source: http://www.mcdonough.com Source: http://greenatwork.com
8 May 20135

6. Cradle to Cradle in the Built Environment
FRACTAL TRIANGLE
- McDonough, W., & Braungart, M. (2002)
8 May 20136
McDonough, W., & Braungart, M. (2002). Design for the triple top line: New tools for sustainable commerce. Corporate Environmental Strategy, 9(3), 251-258.

7. Cradle to Cradle in the Built Environment
TRIPLE TOP LINE
- McDonough, W., & Braungart, M. (2002)
8 May 20137
“triple top line growth:
products that enhance
the well being of nature
and culture while
generating economic
value” (pp252)
McDonough, W., & Braungart, M. (2002). Design for the triple top line: New tools for sustainable commerce. Corporate Environmental Strategy, 9(3), 251-258.
Source: Diana den Held

8. Cradle to Cradle in the Built Environment
THE CIRCULAR ECONOMY: C2C THE BASIS
- The Ellen MacArthur Foundation
8 May 20138
Source: www.ellenmacarthurfoundation.org
“The circular economy requires careful
management of material flows, which
are of two types. These are
characterised by McDonough and
Braungart in Cradle to Cradle:
Remaking the Way We Make Things as
biological nutrients—materials designed
to re-enter the biosphere safely and
rebuild natural capital, and technical
nutrients, designed to circulate at high
quality without entering the biosphere.”
(Towards the circular economy 2, pp 26)

9. Cradle to Cradle in the Built Environment
?
THE GREENEST HOUSE IS THE ONE THAT NEVER GETS
BUILT
- Whit Faulconer, Green Blue
8 May 20139
Source: Unknown

10. Cradle to Cradle in the Built Environment
BUILDINGS LIKE TREES
CITIES LIKE FORESTS
BUILDINGS LIKE TREES – CITIES LIKE FORESTS
Slide 10
Source: EPEA

11. Cradle to Cradle in the Built Environment
?
- Based on Stewart Brand, How Buildings Learn, 1994
8 May 201311

12. Cradle to Cradle in the Built EnvironmentCradle to Cradle in the Built Environment
THE QUALITY CHALLENGE
Many manufacturers don’t know
what is in their products.
So… most architects don’t know
what is in their buildings.
8 May 201312

13. Cradle to Cradle in the Built Environment
QUALITY INGREDIENTS + QUALITY DESIGN =
QUALITY PRODUCTS
=
8 May 201313

14. Cradle to Cradle in the Built Environment
UNKNOWN INGREDIENTS & UGLY DESIGN =
LOW QUALITY PRODUCTS
= ?
8 May 201314

15. Cradle to Cradle in the Built Environment
HAITI & TURKEY. BAD DESIGN & UNKNOWN
INGREDIENTS = CATASTROPHE
8 May 201315
Source: Unknown

16. Cradle to Cradle in the Built Environment
OFF-GASSING OF “NATURAL” CARPET
QUALITY QUESTION
8 May 201316
Source: HUI

17. Cradle to Cradle in the Built Environment
INDOOR AIR QUALITY
8 May 201317
Source: http://www.businessweek.com Source: http://home.howstuffworks.com

18. Cradle to Cradle in the Built Environment
?
BUILDINGS HAVE A…………………
…………………BIG FOOTPRINT!
- How to make it a Big Beneficial Footprint that is profitable ?
8 May 201318
Source: Unknown

19. Cradle to Cradle in the Built EnvironmentCradle to Cradle in the Built Environment
CONTEXT SPECIFIC PRINCIPLES
- Hannover Principles
- Almere Principles
- Venlo Principles
- Limburg Principles
- Marina Principles
- C2C Architects Manifesto
- C2C Architecture Charter
8 May 201319

20. Cradle to Cradle in the Built EnvironmentCradle to Cradle in the Built Environment
FRAMEWORK:
1. CRADLE TO CRADLE CRITERIA FOR THE BUILT
ENVIRONMENT
2. PLANNING GUIDE
How To Plan A Big Beneficial Footprint; Guide To Innovation Tools For
Cradle To Cradle-Inspired Value In Building Developments.
3. REGISTRY
http://www.rsm.nl/research/decision-information-sciences/research/cradle-to-cradle-for-innovation-and-quality/registry/
8 May 201320

21. Cradle to Cradle in the Built EnvironmentCradle to Cradle in the Built Environment
C2C® CRITERIA FOR THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT
For more information see:
http://www.duurzaamgebouwd.nl/bookstore
8 May 201321

22. Cradle to Cradle in the Built EnvironmentCradle to Cradle in the Built Environment
- Definition of a C2C building
- Criteria based on C2C principles
- Implementation criteria
- Measuring intentions, milestones & roadmaps
- Defining C2C energy
C2C® CRITERIA FOR THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT
8 May 201322

23. Cradle to Cradle in the Built EnvironmentCradle to Cradle in the Built Environment
DEFINITION OF A CRADLE TO CRADLE® BUILDING
“Cradle to Cradle building contains defined elements that
add value and celebrate innovation and enjoyment by
measurably enhancing the quality of
- materials,
- biodiversity,
- air,
- and water,
- using current solar income,
- being deconstructable
- and recyclable,
- and performing diverse practical and life-enhancing
functions for its stakeholders to holistically improve the
economy, ecology and social equity.”
8 May 201323

24. Cradle to Cradle in the Built EnvironmentCradle to Cradle in the Built Environment
DIFFERENCE SUSTAINABLE AND CRADLE TO CRADLE®
Cradle to Cradle® Criteria:
– Healthy materials
– Supporting biodiversity
– Clean(ing) air
– Clean(ing) water
– Energy Positive
– Deconstructable
– Defined recyclable
– Life-enhancing functions
– Holistically improve the
economy, ecology and social
equity
Sustainable Criteria:
– Sustainable materials
– Reducing impact biodiversity
– CO2 Neutral / Zero Impact
– Water savings
– Energy Neutral
– ?
– Recyclable
– ?
– Find a general balance
between economy, ecology
and social equity
8 May 201324

25. Cradle to Cradle in the Built EnvironmentCradle to Cradle in the Built Environment 8 May 201325

26. Cradle to Cradle in the Built EnvironmentCradle to Cradle in the Built Environment
There is not yet a 100%
C2C building, highway or airport
New approaches are required to get there.
Focus on Innovation instead of
Certification
8 May 201326

27. Cradle to Cradle in the Built EnvironmentCradle to Cradle in the Built Environment
C2C® CRITERIA FOR THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT
EVERYTHING IS A NUTRIENT FOR SOMETHING ELSE
2. Quality of materials
– Defined pathways
– Defined use periods
– Design for disassembly
3. Soil production, Bio-nutrients
4. Climate, Air and Sound quality
5. Water quality
USE CURRENT SOLAR INCOME
6. Produce more energy then one needs by using current solar
income
CELEBRATE DIVERSITY
7. Bio-diversity, Conceptual-diversity, Social-diversity,
Cultural-diversity
8 May 201327

28. Cradle to Cradle in the Built EnvironmentCradle to Cradle in the Built Environment
THE PRINCIPLE CRITERIA
1. STATE YOUR INTENTIONS.
Which C2C principles do you plan to implement by when?
Which Goals do you plan to declare?
8 May 201328

29. Cradle to Cradle in the Built Environment
EXAMPLE:
C2C ROADMAP, measurable goals and milestones in a defined period
- Desso
29 8 May 2013
Source: www.desso.com

30. Cradle to Cradle in the Built EnvironmentCradle to Cradle in the Built Environment
THE PRINCIPLE CRITERIA
Example of Goals for the sites:
“In Ten Years Our Site is Profitably Energy-
Positive”
- Keep Investment at Home
- Generate, Sell, and Buy Power
- Install & Maintain the Systems
8 May 201330

31. Cradle to Cradle in the Built EnvironmentCradle to Cradle in the Built Environment
THE PRINCIPLE CRITERIA
Example of Goals for Materials:
“In ten years 90 percent of the
materials used in our building
will have C2C materials passports”
8 May 201331

32. Cradle to Cradle in the Built EnvironmentCradle to Cradle in the Built Environment
EVERYTHING IS A NUTRIENT FOR SOMETHING ELSE
2. DEFINE MATERIALS AND THEIR INTENDED
USE PATHWAYS
(a) whose contents are measurably defined in technical or
biological pathways from manufacturing through use and
recovery and
(b) whose impacts are measurably beneficial for human health
and the environment.
8 May 201332

33. Cradle to Cradle in the Built Environment
Cogent™ Group Fabrics
GOLD
No Antimony
Other Examples for
SILVER Certifications
EXAMPLES OF CERTIFICATIONS IN THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT
Source: EPEA
33
Steelcase Inc.
29 Products
Examples:
Think® Chair and Stool Amia™ Chair and Stool Leap Chair
Technical Cycle Technical Cycle Technical Cycle
GOLD GOLD SILVER
For special For special
Combinations combinations
8 May 2013

34. Cradle to Cradle in the Built EnvironmentCradle to Cradle in the Built Environment
Definition Materials Passport:
Set of data describing defined characteristics of materials in
products that give them value for recovery and reuse.
Passports are a marketplace mechanism to encourage product
designs, material recovery systems, and chain of possession
partnerships that improve the quality, value, and security of
supply for materials so they can be reused in continuous
loops or closed loops or beneficially returned to biological
systems.
For other definitions please refer to Resource Repletion, Role of Buildings, Katja
Hansen, Michael Braungart, Douglas Mulhall, The Springer Encyclopaedia of
Sustainability Science and Technology, 2012, pp. 9096-9117 ISBN 978-0-387-
89469-0
MATERIAL PASSPORTS
8 May 201334

35. Cradle to Cradle in the Built Environment
C2C MATERIAL PASSPORTS & MATERIAL BANKING
- C2C Chair for Innovation and Quality
35 8 May 2013
Source: Based on multiple sources Source: www.ibom.biz

36. Cradle to Cradle in the Built Environment36 8 May 2013
Source: www.youtube.com
EXAMPLE:
Maersk

37. Cradle to Cradle in the Built EnvironmentCradle to Cradle in the Built Environment
EVERYTHING IS A NUTRIENT FOR SOMETHING ELSE
3. INTEGRATE BIOLOGICAL NUTRIENTS.
Recycle biological nutrients and water by integrating topsoil and
biomass production into buildings, landscaping, and spatial plans
to generate more biomass and clean water than before
development of the site.
8 May 201337

38. Cradle to Cradle in the Built Environment
EXAMPLE:
- QUANTIFYING NUTRIENT RECYCLING - BASIS FOR C2C
Water environment & technology 1997
38 8 May 2013
Source: HUI

39. Cradle to Cradle in the Built Environment
EXAMPLE:
- NIOO BUILDING
39 8 May 2013
Source: http://www.nioo.knaw.nl

40. Cradle to Cradle in the Built EnvironmentCradle to Cradle in the Built Environment
EVERYTHING IS A NUTRIENT FOR SOMETHING ELSE
4. ENHANCE CLIMATE, AIR AND SOUND
QUALITY.
Actively contribute to measurably improving air quality so the
indoor air is healthier for occupants than before it entered the
building and provides a comfortable climate for occupants.
8 May 201340

41. Cradle to Cradle in the Built Environment
EXAMPLE:
- Mosses for uptake and conversion of fine particulates
41
EXAMPLE:
8 May 2013
Source: Prof. Frahm – Uni Bonn

42. Cradle to Cradle in the Built Environment
EXAMPLE:
- Green walls in office spaces
42
EXAMPLE:
8 May 2013
Source: http://www.truestars.nl/Page/299875_groene-wanden-mos-panelen.aspx

43. Cradle to Cradle in the Built EnvironmentCradle to Cradle in the Built Environment
EVERYTHING IS A NUTRIENT FOR SOMETHING ELSE
5. ENHANCE WATER QUALITY.
Measurably improve water quality so the water is healthier for
biological metabolisms than before it entered the building.
8 May 201343

44. Cradle to Cradle in the Built Environment
EXAMPLE:
- COVENT GARDEN: Urban applications of bionutrient recycling in temperate
climates
EXAMPLE:
8 May 201344
Source: Steven Beckers

45. Cradle to Cradle in the Built EnvironmentCradle to Cradle in the Built Environment
USE CURRENT SOLAR INCOME
6. INTEGRATE RENEWABLE ENERGY.
Integrate renewable energy (current solar and gravitational
income) into buildings and area plans so the building and site
generate more energy than they use.
8 May 201345

46. Cradle to Cradle in the Built Environment
EXAMPLE:
- Building integrated PV in BSH building Park 20|20
46 8 May 2013
Source: http://daylightaward.nl

47. Cradle to Cradle in the Built EnvironmentCradle to Cradle in the Built Environment
CELEBRATE DIVERSITY
7. ACTIVELY SUPPORT BIODIVERSITY.
Integrate measurable species diversity so the area supports more
diversity than before development.
8 May 201347

48. Cradle to Cradle in the Built Environment
EXAMPLE:
- Ferrer Research & Development Center: Releasing endangered butterfly species
every week
EXAMPLE:
8 May 201348
Source:http://www.mcdonoughpartners.com

49. Cradle to Cradle in the Built EnvironmentCradle to Cradle in the Built Environment
CELEBRATE DIVERSITY
8. CELEBRATE CONCEPTUAL DIVERSITY WITH
INNOVATION.
Focus on special beneficial features of a building and integrating
innovative components that are beneficial for the well-being of
occupants and the environment.
8 May 201349

50. Cradle to Cradle in the Built Environment
EXAMPLE:
- Park20|20
EXAMPLE:
8 May 201350
Source: www.bouwwereld.nl

51. Cradle to Cradle in the Built EnvironmentCradle to Cradle in the Built Environment
THE REGISTRY
8 May 201351
For more information see:
http://www.rsm.nl/research/decision-
information-sciences/research/cradle-to-
cradle-for-innovation-and-quality/registry/

52. Cradle to Cradle in the Built EnvironmentCradle to Cradle in the Built Environment
“Cradle to Cradle-Inspired Element support
the C2C principles, intentions and goals of
stakeholders by integrating diverse value-
added functions. The integration of quality,
added value, and beneficial impacts.”
C2C-INSPIRED ELEMENTS
8 May 201352
Source: Building Registry

53. Cradle to Cradle in the Built Environment
EXAMPLE OF A C2C-INSPIERED ELEMENT:
- Atrium
8 May 201353
Source: Steven Beckers

54. Cradle to Cradle in the Built Environment
EXAMPLE OF A C2C-INSPIERED ELEMENT:
Atrium
8 May 201354
Source: Building Registry
Source: Building Registry

55. Cradle to Cradle in the Built Environment
EXAMPLE OF A C2C-INSPIERED ELEMENT:
- Active Green Facade
8 May 201355
Source: www.youtube.com

56. Cradle to Cradle in the Built EnvironmentCradle to Cradle in the Built Environment
“These are inexpensive quick‐win features
that inspire others to implement C2C
elsewhere. The most important ingredients;
innovation and fun!”
C2C-INSPIRED DELIGHTS
8 May 201356
Source: Building Registry

57. Cradle to Cradle in the Built Environment
EXAMPLES OF A C2C-INSPIERED DELIGHTS
- Use kinetic energy from stairs or revolving doors to operate coffee machine
8 May 201357
Source: http://inhabitat.com/energy-generating-revolving-door-by-boon-edam/

58. Cradle to Cradle in the Built Environment
EXAMPLES OF A C2C-INSPIERED DELIGHTS
- Generating fun and electricity together: Kinetic energy dance floor
8 May 201358
Source: http://www.treehugger.com/culture/five-green-nightclubs-where-you-can-party-the-night-away.html/

59. Cradle to Cradle in the Built Environment
EXAMPLES OF A C2C-INSPIERED DELIGHTS
- C2C-inspired Tweet or Downloadable apps or screensavers that tell a C2C-
inspired story
8 May 201359
Source: http://appyourservice.nl/portfolio/park2020-app//

60. Cradle to Cradle in the Built EnvironmentCradle to Cradle in the Built Environment
PLANNING GUIDE
8 May 201360
For more information see:
http://www.rsm.nl/research/decision-
information-sciences/research/cradle-to-
cradle-for-innovation-and-quality/registry/

61. Cradle to Cradle in the Built Environment
A LA CARTE APPROACH
- Modular innovation tools: appetizer - main course - desert
8 May 201361
Source: Planning Guide

62. Cradle to Cradle in the Built Environment
FINANCIAL INNOVATION POTENTIAL
8 May 201362
Source: Planning Guide

63. Cradle to Cradle in the Built EnvironmentCradle to Cradle in the Built Environment
CRADLE TO CARDLE® IN THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT
The launch of the Cradle to Cradle Building Manual in Denmark
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5y63OEgxxjY
- William McDonough 10:10-17:50 & 22:15-28:00
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=REzCGlNY3_U
- Michael Braungart 27:30-33:11 (and Douglas Mulhall)
8 May 201363

64. Cradle to Cradle in the Built EnvironmentCradle to Cradle in the Built Environment
Marleen Lodder
PhD candidate | Erasmus University Rotterdam | www.marleenlodder.nl
@ Dutch Research Institute For Transitions (DRIFT)
Burgemeester Oudlaan 50 | M5-37 | 3062 PA Rotterdam | The Netherlands | +31 10 4089775 | lodder@drift.eur.nl | www.drift.eur.nl
@ ROTTERDAM SCHOOL OF MANAGEMENT
Academic Chair ‘Cradle to Cradle for Innovation and Quality’
Burgemeester Oudlaan 50 | T9-18 | 3062 PA Rotterdam | The Netherlands | +31 10 4082022 | mlodder@rsm.nl | www.rsm.nl
Follow me on:
QUESTIONS
8 May 201364