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2. 2

3. Agenda- next 50 minutes
• Quick snapshot of wireless in enterprise space- and where
we are going…
• Technologies/ terms explored:
– WIFI Bluetooth
– ZigBee licensed spectrum (cell)
– Wireless HART 5G
– public safety other
• Drivers for tomorrow: IoT and other
3

4. What I WON’T say today
• “insatiable demand for bandwidth”
OR
• “ubiquitous wireless”
OR
• “continued massive growth in the number of devices all connected by parallel…”
4

5. 5
Phone Ready
Emergency Services
Tow Truck
123 N 4th St
Phone in Use
847-476-3746
Internet Portal returns a list of
available emergency services
User wishes to access emergency
services that a third party has
created
User wants a tow truck emergency
service
Internet Portal returns a list of the
closest gas stations with tow trucks
InternetPortaltoSetPreferences
User hits send and the phone dials
the tow truck driver
Emergency Forward
Tow
Truck
FirePolice
Send Cancel
Predicting the future- in 2000

6. 6

7. Reference sources
• IEEE
• BICSI
• 4G Americas
• Rysavy Research
• IEC
• Cisco
• Motorola
• Ericcson
• Wi-Fi Alliance
• RCR Wireless
7

8. What I will focus on in the next 49 min.…
• What I care about as designer/ engineer
• What I care about as an installer
• What I care about as I give advice
• What is truth versus hype
• What is the real world BICSI environment (mainly buildings)
8

9. What are the facts?
• 90% of the world’s population over age 6 will have mobile
by 2020 (7.2 of 8 billion people)
• It takes, on average, 13 years to reallocate and deploy
spectrum for wireless systems
• Global mobile data growing by 61% CAGR per year
• Estimates of IoT (internet of things) speak to 50 billion
connected devices by 2020
• (most) people work and live in buildings
9

10. Some terms we will discuss…
• Beamforming
• The tactile internet
• Sleep deprivation attack
• Ambient energy harvesting
• Multipath propagation
• Implantable devices
10

11. What we need to consider for ‘wireless’
• How far does it go (range)?
• How well does it transmit (propagation characteristics)?
• How much data?
• How much power does it consume?
• Unlicensed or licensed spectrum?
11

12. sender
transmission
distance
detection
interference
Signal propagation ranges
• Transmission range
• communication possible
• low error rate
• Detection range
• detection of the signal possible
• no communication possible
• Interference range
• signal may not be detected
• signal adds to the background noise
12

13. Free space path loss: exponent of 2
Terrestrial path loss: exponent of 3+
Even with exponent of 2:
• Wi-Fi. 100m to 200m: signal at 25% strength
• Cell. 1.0km to 1.1 km: signal at 83% strength
Difficult to propagate short range network (Wi-Fi) signal)
Wi-Fi
Cellular
Distance
Range and Loss
13

14. ‰
‰
refractionshadowing reflection scattering diffraction
Signal Propagation
• Propagation in free space always like light (straight line)
• Receiving power additionally influenced by:
– fading (frequency dependent)
– Shadowing
– reflection at large obstacles
– refraction depending on the density of a medium
– scattering at small obstacles
– diffraction at edges
14

15. multipath
pulsesLOS pulses
signal at sender
signal at receiver
Multipath Propagation
• Signal can take many different paths between sender and
receiver due to reflection, scattering, and diffraction
15

16. Latency
• Defined as the round-trip time it takes data to traverse the
network
– Latency is 25-30 msec for 3G
– Latency is 15-20 msec for 4G
– The goal for 5G is less than 1 msec
16

17. The tactile internet
17

18. What we need to consider for ‘wireless’
• What are the devices to be supported?
• What spectrum might now be available?
18

19. Internet of Things (IoT)Things
212 BILLION
“THINGS” IN 2020
$8.9 TRILLION
GLOBAL REVENUES
BY 2020
26 BILLION
“UNITS” BY 2020
$300 BILLION
SERVICES REVENUES
IN 2020
$1.9 TRILLION
GLOBAL ECONOMIC
VALUE IN 2020
18 BILLION
M2M “CONNECTIONS”
BY 2022
OF WHICH
2.6 BILLION
ARE CELLULAR
$1.2 TRILLION
GLOBAL OPPORTUNIY
BY 2022
Source: IDC, October 2013 Source: Gartner, March 2014 Source: Machina Resea
19

20. Any App
Any Network
Data, Security,
AAA, Mgmt …
IP
Application &
Analytics
Management,
Security
Any Device
Fixed 2G/3G/4G GW
SCADA
20

21. Devices for IoT
Miniaturization of sensing element, power supply, and
circuitry leads to very small, self-contained devices
(Ambient energy harvesting)
21

22. What are best wireless networks for
the IoT?
22

23. 1- IEEE 802.15.4 (LR-WPAN)
• PAN- personal area networks
– ZigBee
– Zwave
– Wireless HART
– WiSUN
• Low power, low speed, low cost
23

24. ZigBee
• Short distances (10-100 meters), low power
• Suitable for devices like power meter, light switch- low data,
lower cost and complexity than other technologies
24

25. 25

26. 2- Bluetooth
• Ericcson, 1994
• 2400 to 2483 MHz
• Short range, low power
• Packet based, and master-slave structure
• Familiar and reliable
26

27. 4.2 (low energy)
• From 100 meters to 50 meters
• From 1-3 meg to 1 meg
• App throughput from 2 meg to .27 Mbit/s
• From 56-bit to 128-bit AES encryption
(Sleep deprivation attack)
• From 100 msec latency to 6 msec
• One-half to one-tenth the power
27

28. Implications for buildings (low)
• These do not relay on infrastructure- instead, device to
device communication
• Be aware of the problems they solve for clients
• Be aware of their limitations
28

29. 3- Wi-Fi
• ALOHA Net: 1971 (UHF)
• WaveLAN: 1991, joint effort IBM+NCR, for cash registers
• 802.11 protocol: 1997, 2 meg
29

30. • 802.11n: 2009, intro of MIMO, 2.5/ 5 GHz
• 802.11ac: 2013, 5 GHz, more channels, 500 meg
30

31. 31
MIMO

32. • From 4 billion today to 7 billion by 2018
• One hot spot for every 20 people
• From secondary to primary for enterprise office
32

33. • Wi Fi Calling
• Wi Fi in M2M
• Wi Fi over Power (WiPO)
33

34. • 802.11ad
– 57-64 GHz (V band)
– 1-7 Gbps (‘fiber like’)
– 10-20 meter range
– Beamforming
34

35. Beamforming?
35

36. Beamforming, or spatial filtering
• Technique used for directional signal transmission
• Combination of elements in a phased array in such a way
that signals at particular angles experience constructive
interference and others experience destructive interference
• Can be at both transmit and receive
• Used to improve gain over omnidirectional
36

37. 37

38. 38

39. Implications for buildings (high)
• ISO/IEC TR-24704
– Honeycomb grid, each cell
covers 12M radius
• TIA TSB-162-A
– Square grid, each square 18
meters wide
39

40. Implications for buildings (high)
• Most recommend Cat-6A (multiple drops per WAP) for Wi Fi
today
• More WAPs and closer to the user mean more
infrastructure, more space, more pathway
• Are clients reducing category drops in office and giving
them to Wi Fi?
40

41. Spectrum licensed for public use
41

42. What will 5G look like?
• A cellular system that supports:
– 1000 times higher mobile volume per area
– 10 to 100 times the number of connected devices
– 10 to 100 times higher typical user data rate
– 10 times longer battery life
– 5 times reduced end-to-end latency
42

43. What is the migration path to 5G?
GSM – Global
System for
Mobile Comm
iDen – Integrated
Digital Enhanced
Network
CDMA – Code
Division Multiple
Access
2G GPRS – General
Packet Radio
Services
EDGE – Enhanced
Data rates for
GSM Evolution
2.5G UMTS – Universal
Mobile Telecom
System
HSPA+ – High
Speed Packet
Access
EvDO – Evolution
Data Optimized
WCDMA –
Wideband CDMA
3G eUTRA – Evolved
UMTS Terrestrial
Radio Access
WiMax –
Worldwide
Interoperability
for Microwave
Access
LTE – Long Term
Evolution
4G
43

44. LTE- long term evolution
2 x 2 MIMO 70 Mbits/ 20 Mbits
10+ 10 MHz
4 x 4 MIMO 300 Mbits/ 70 Mbits
20 + 20 MHz
44

45. Existing Cell Bands
LTE for extended period
Eventually 5G radio
3 GHz 10 GHz New 5G Bands
Wide radion bands
5G radio methods
300 GHz
Core 5G Network integrates
Existing LTE in Cell Bands with
5G Radio in New Bands
Courtesy
Rysavy
Research 45

46. Where are characteristics of 5G?
46

47. Millimeter wave technology
• 60 GHz and 70/80 GHz
• Beamforming
• Subject to rain fade (also foliage, atmosphere)
• High data rate (Gbps or ‘fiber like’ speeds)
• Short range
47

48. FCC direction on 5G in US
• “…we have decided on proposing the following ranges to be
studied”
• 27.5 to 29.5 GHz
• 37.4 to 40.5 GHz
• 47.2 to 50.2 GHz
• 50.4 to 52.6 GHz
• 59.3 to 71.0 GHz
48

49. Massive MIMO
• More antennas- up to hundreds of
antennas at base station
• Samsung test phone with 32 low-
profile antenna elements
• Possibly 5x the spectral efficiency
49

50. 50

51. What other wireless needs do we
have in buildings?
51

52. Public Safety
• New building codes (IBC) that
mandate in-building wireless
coverage for first responders
drive DAS in most significant
buildings
• Building designers must design,
or at least accommodate, these
systems
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53. City of Marlborough - FIRE DEPARTMENT
215 MAPLE STREET, MARLBOROUGH MASSACHUSETTS
• Research and investigations into Line of Duty Deaths
(LODDs) and injuries to Fire, Police and EMS personnel show
that the loss of reliable communications inside of such
buildings is a contributing factor in death and injuries to
emergency personnel.
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54. What will the public safety network look like tomorrow?
• New, national public safety 700/800 MHz network ($7
billion)
• “…the law gives FirstNet the mission to build, operate and
maintain the first high-speed, nationwide wireless
broadband network dedicated to public safety. FirstNet will
provide a single interoperable platform for emergency and
daily public safety communications.”
54

55. What will the public safety network look like tomorrow?
55
“Get a shared operational view
of an incident with high quality,
streaming video, hardware-
accelerated graphics and ultra-
bright display that you can
view in direct sunlight”
(Motorola Solutions)
FUTURE enhancements:
• Multi-media
• Location data
• Mobile video
• Content acceleration and
management

56. Implications for buildings (high)
• Structured Cabling Infrastructure Standard to support
Distributed Antenna Systems, draft document:
• BICSI document D012
56

57. Implications for buildings (high)
• People want to use their 5G device in the building where
they work
• Building code mandates wireless coverage for public safety
• We continue to be very aggressive with building energy
policy (block RF)
• We are moving from 50 ohm coax to Cat-6A as transport for
in-building cell wireless (not public safety)
• BTW!! Someone needs to design, engineer and install these
technologies57

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59. Summary
• The electromagnetic spectrum should be your friend
• Take ownership in education and professional development
• Find the opportunity/ find your niche
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60. Thank you
info@dassimplified.com
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