WikiMedia 2011 mark graham

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Mark Graham

Talk given by Mark Graham at Wi

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summary of wiki-related research conversation at WikiMedia San Francisco, 2011 Dr Mark Graham Oxford Internet Institute www.geospace.co.uk www.zerogeography.net www.wikichains.org e: mark@geospace.co.uk t: @geoplace

“The Internet surrounds us like air, saturating our offices and our homes. But it’s not confined to the ether. You can touch it. You can map it. And you can photograph it” - Andrew Blum 2009

“here be dragons” Psalter World map (1265)

Map by Mark Graham, Monica Stephens, Matthew Zook

total number of Wikipedia articles in all languages

Bangkok วัด (“temple” in Thai) “temple” in English

East AfricaCollaborators: Dr Bernie Hogan (Oxford), Richard Farmbrough (Oxford), Dr Ali Frihida (Tunis National School of Engineering, Tunisia), Dr IlhemAllagui (American University of Sharjah, UAE)

Wikipedia research: (1) what is the geography of articles in the Middle East/North Africa/East Africa compared to the rest of the world?

Wikipedia research: (2) do local authors in the Middle East/North Africa/East Africa comprise disproportionately fewer of the contributors to articles about that region?

Wikipedia research: (3) are the contributions of local contributors undervalued?

Breadth from bilingual contributors? ,[object Object]

Regions without many speakers of a given language are relatively under-represented in that language edition of the encyclopedia.

What role do bilinguals and foreign-language sources play?

What incentives might increase contributions from 2nd language learners & bilinguals and hence increase coverage?German geo-taggedarticles in Latin America Spanish geo-tagged articles in Latin America (good coverage even in Brazil) Oxford Internet Institute Wikipedia working group: http://www.oii.ox.ac.uk/research/projects/?id=66 - Scott Hale (scotthale.net)

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English: Meaning and Culture ANNA WIERZBICKA OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS English This page intentionally left blank English Meaning and Culture Anna Wierzbicka 1 2006 3 Oxford University Press, Inc., publishes works that further Oxford University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education. Oxford New York Auckland Cape Town Dar es Salaam Hong Kong Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Nairobi New Delhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto With offices in Argentina Austria Brazil Chile Czech Republic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore South Korea Switzerland Thailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam Copyright © 2006 by Oxford University Press, Inc. Published by Oxford University Press, Inc. 198 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10016 www.oup.com Oxford is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior permission of Oxford University Press. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Wierzbicka, Anna. English : meaning and culture/Anna Wierzbicka. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13 978-0-19-517474-8; 978-0-19-517475-5 (pbk.) ISBN 0-19-517474-7; 0-19-517475-5 (pbk.) 1. English language—Semantics. 2. Great Britain—Civilization. 3. English-speaking countries—Civilization. 4. English language—Foreign countries. 5. Language and languages—Philosophy. I. Title. PE1585.W53 2006 420.1'43—dc22 2005047789 Cover Art: Thomas Gainsborough, Mr and Mrs Andrews. Courtesy of National Art Gallery, London. Bought with contributions from the Pilgrim Trust, the National Art Collections Fund, Associated Television Ltd, and Mr and Mrs W.W. Spooner, 1960. 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Printed in the United States of America on Acid-free paper www.oup.com Acknowledgments I would like to express my gratitude, and acknowledge my debt, to Cliff Goddard, who read successive drafts of all the chapters and provided invaluable feedback. Many semantic analyses presented in the book incorporate his ideas. His help was indispensable. The Australian Research Council funded the research assistance without which I would not have been able to complete this project. I am very grateful both to the ARC and to several research assistants, who provided (at different times) not only invaluable practical and technical help, but also extremely helpful ideas, comments, and suggestions. They were: Anna Brotherson, Laura Daniliuc, Anna Gladkova, Brigid Maher, Elisabeth Mayer, Donna Toulmin, Jock Wong, and Kyung Joo Yoon. In the last phase of the work on the project, I also had the benefit of wide-ranging research support and many discussions with my research associate, Ian Langford. Anna Gladkova undertook the onerous task of preparing the index. I had the opportunity to discu ...

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WikiMedia 2011 mark graham

1. summary of wiki-related research conversation at WikiMedia San Francisco, 2011 Dr Mark Graham Oxford Internet Institute www.geospace.co.uk www.zerogeography.net www.wikichains.org e: mark@geospace.co.uk t: @geoplace

2. Spatial Palimpsests

3. “The Internet surrounds us like air, saturating our offices and our homes. But it’s not confined to the ether. You can touch it. You can map it. And you can photograph it” - Andrew Blum 2009

5. “here be dragons” Psalter World map (1265)

7. Map by Mark Graham, Monica Stephens, Matthew Zook

8. Map by Mark Graham, Monica Stephens, Matthew Zook

10. total number of Wikipedia articles in all languages

11.

12.

13.

14.

15. Eastern Canada: English and French

16. Spain: Spanish (Castilian) and Catalan

17. Israel/Palestine: Arabic and Hebrew

18. Bangkok วัด (“temple” in Thai) “temple” in English

19.

20. East AfricaCollaborators: Dr Bernie Hogan (Oxford), Richard Farmbrough (Oxford), Dr Ali Frihida (Tunis National School of Engineering, Tunisia), Dr IlhemAllagui (American University of Sharjah, UAE)

21. Wikipedia research: (1) what is the geography of articles in the Middle East/North Africa/East Africa compared to the rest of the world?

22.

23.

24.

25.

26.

27.

28.

29.

30. Wikipedia research: (2) do local authors in the Middle East/North Africa/East Africa comprise disproportionately fewer of the contributors to articles about that region?

31. Wikipedia research: (3) are the contributions of local contributors undervalued?

32.

33. Regions without many speakers of a given language are relatively under-represented in that language edition of the encyclopedia.

34. What role do bilinguals and foreign-language sources play?

35. What incentives might increase contributions from 2nd language learners & bilinguals and hence increase coverage?German geo-taggedarticles in Latin America Spanish geo-tagged articles in Latin America (good coverage even in Brazil) Oxford Internet Institute Wikipedia working group: http://www.oii.ox.ac.uk/research/projects/?id=66 - Scott Hale (scotthale.net)

36. wikichains.org

37.

38.

39.

40.

41. thank you Dr Mark Graham Oxford Internet Institute geospace.co.uk zerogeography.net mark@geospace.co.uk @geoplace

WikiMedia 2011 mark graham

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