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1. THEORIES IN
PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
Basañes, Karell Roeden F.
Brillantes, Juan Carlos
Cantago, Anthony
Dadivas, Patrick Joseph
Del Rosario,

2. What is Public Administration?
 The implementation of government policies which is carried out in public interest
 The management of public programs
 Translation of politics into the reality that citizens see every day
 Regarded as including also some responsibility for determining the policies and
programs of governments. Specifically, it is the planning, organizing, directing,
coordinating, and controlling of government operations
 Implementation of government policy and also an academic discipline that studies this
implementation and prepares civil servants for working in the public service

3. Philippine Public Administration
 In the Philippines, administrative principles and political structures were
inherited from the United States during pre- and post-colonial ties with
the country (Hutchcroft, 2000).
 The Philippine public administration as a field of study was officially
introduced in the 1950’s. It showcased the inimitable way of Filipinos in
running, managing, and organizing public service.

4. Evolution of Public Administration
 Classical Public Administration can be traced back from the 1800 to the
1950’s
 Modern Public Administration started to grow in the 1950’s to present

5. Three Branches of Public Administration
Theory
 CLASSICAL PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
 NEW PUBLIC MANAGEMENT
 POST-MODERN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

6. Classical Public Administration
 Woodrow Wilson
 Classical Public Administration is often associated with Woodrow
Wilson.
 In the United States, Woodrow Wilson is known as “The Father of
Public Administration”
 The author of "The Study of Administration in 1887”

7. Classical Public Administration
 Concept of Woodrow Wilson
 Administration Management (Administrative Management is the
process of managing information through people. This usually
involves performing the storage and distribution of information to
those within an organization.)

8. Classical Public Administration
 Key Principles of Administration Management
 Bureaucracy should be run like a business.
 Established a clear distinction between politics and administration.
 Utilizes public opinion for the purpose of fair Judgment.

9. Classical Public Administration
 Frederick Winslow Taylor
 Taylor was one of the intellectual leaders of the Efficiency
Movement and his ideas, broadly conceived, were highly influential
in the Progressive Era (1890s–1920s).
 The author of “The Principles of Scientific Management” (1911)

10. Classical Public Administration
 Concept of Frederick Winslow Taylor
 Scientific Management (Scientific management is a theory
of management that studies and consolidate workflows. Its main
objective is improving economic efficiency, especially work
productivity.)

11. Classical Public Administration
 Key Principles of Scientific Management
 The use of Scientific studies vs Rule of thumb
 High level of managerial control over employee best work practices
 Standardization of work methods

12. Classical Public Administration
 Max Webber
 was a German sociologist, philosopher, jurist, and political
economist.
 The author of “Economy and Society” (1922)

13. Classical Public Administration
 Concept of Max Webber
 Bureaucratic Model (is a way of organizing people so there are clear
reporting relationships from the top to the bottom of the organizational
chart.)
 Hierarchical Organization
 Formal lines of Authority (Chain of Command)
 Officials with Expert training in fields
 All decisions and powers specified and restricted by regulations
 Career advancement dependent on technical qualifications
 Fixed area of activity and rigid division of labour

14. New Public Management
 An approach in public administration that employs knowledge and
experiences acquired in business management and other disciplines to
improve efficiency, effectiveness, and general performance of public
services in modern bureaucracies.

15. New Public Management
 Characteristics of New Public Management
 Hands on Professional Management in Public Sector
 Explicit standards and Measures of Performance
 Greater Emphasis on Output Control
 A shift to disaggregation of units in Public Sector
 A stress on private sector style of management
 A shift to greater competition
 Stress on greater discipline and parsimony in resource use

16. New Public Management
 Key Concepts
 Market
 Management

17. New Public Management
 5 core principles of NEW Public management
 Downsizing
 Managerialism
 Decentralization
 Debureaucratization
 Privatization

18. Post Modern Public Administration
 HISTORY
 Postmodern theory evolves out of the postmodern era (have taken
place between the dawn of industrial revolution and the end of
World War 2.)
 Charles Fox and Hugh Miller are the two of the main contributors
post modern theory
 Traditional approach to public administration "robs public
administration theorists of the independence required to imagine
more emancipating conditions of work and governance.“
 Miller states that “policy networks provide a way of processing
dissension, articulating values, and airing possible policy
implementation strategies. Maneuvering on behalf of the public
interest in this complex politically subtle network is the task of post-
progressive public administration."

19. Post Modern Public Administration
 The Loop Model of Democracy
 Positivism in Public Administration

20. Post Modern Public Administration
 Postmodernism is the belief that there is no absolute reality and the
reality is socially constructed.
 It is largely a reaction to the assumed certainty of scientific or objective,
efforts to explain reality.
 The postmodern environment in which public administration is
characterized by a complete distrust of universalism, orthodoxy, and a
‘one best method’.
 Instead it is anti-foundationalist, deconstructive, and supports a
profusion of competing ‘realities’.
 It seeks to include not only mainstream ideas and people, but also
ideas and people that are excluded or marginalized. It seeks to include
people and ideas that are subordinate.

21. Post Modern Public Administration
 The movement away from “command and control” structures, with their
centralized executive authority, to more collaborative and cooperative
arrangements suggests profound alterations in how people relate to
each other and to their organizations.
 Post modernism is highly skeptical of explanations which claim to be
valid for all groups, cultures, traditions, or races and instead focuses on
the relative truth of each person
 It relies on concrete experience over abstract principles, knowing
always that the outcome of one’s own experience will necessarily be
fallible and relative, rather than certain and universal”.
 Post modernism denies the existence of any ultimate principles and
tends to question all principles

22. SUMMARY
 What is Classical Public Administration?
 Bureaucracy should be ran like a business
 Merit-based promotions, professionalization, and a non-political
system
 Sympathy can lead to downfall in an administration

23. SUMMARY
 What is New Public Management?
 citizens are viewed as "customers" and public servants are viewed
as public managers
 centrality of citizens who were the recipient of the services or
customers to the public sector
 “a government that works better but cost less”

24. SUMMARY
 What is Postmodern Public Administration Theory?
 Concerned more with values and the truth
 This theory addresses big questions of what is right and wrong and
tries to address the issue to find antidotes
for normlessness and relativity.
 “One size does not fit all”

25. SUMMARY
CLASSICAL PA NEW PUBLIC MANAGEMENT POSTMODERN PA
The government should be like a
business
The citizens should be treated as
customers
Relativity and sensitivity to differences
and tolerance
Focuses on formal procedures,
standardization of work,
specialization and division of labor
importing private management styles
and techniques into public
administration.
Relies on EXPERIENCE over THEORIES –
everything is RELATIVE
One size does not fit ALL
Principles of efficiency,
documentation, standard procedures
and division of labor
Public-private partnership,
managerialism, privatization,
decentralization and competition

27. The Loop Model of Democracy
 The people are aware of what they want or need
 Competing candidates (or parties) for electoral office—political
entrepreneurs—offer alternative packages of wants or needs that can
be satisfied by particular methods.
 People choose a representative by voting for which alternative package
seems to best match their preferences.
 Coalitions of winning entrepreneurs pass laws reflecting the people’s
choice.
 A vigilant populace pays enough attention to the process and the
results to judge the elected representatives as either successful or
wanting.
 If satisfied with the results, people will reward incumbents with their
votes; if unsatisfied, they will vote for alternative entrepreneurs offering
alternative packages.

28. Positivism in Public Administration
 In public administration practice, it is now more important to show you
did your job than to actually do your job.
 The system only appeared to be successful. In other words, the data
were falsified. Pressure from higher-ups for a good “show” of crime
reduction produced fertile conditions for gaming the system.