3. AUDIOLINGUAL METHOD
With the outbreak of World War II armies
needed to become orally proficient in the
languages of their allies and enemies as
quickly as possible. This teaching technique
was initially called the Army Method, and
was the first to be based on linguistic theory
and behavioral psychology.
Based on Skinner’s Behaviorism theory, it
assumed that a human being can be trained
using a system of reinforcement.
4. NATURAL APPROACH
The natural approach developed by Tracy
Terrell and supported by Stephen Krashen,
is a language teaching approach which claims
that language learning is a reproduction of
the way humans naturally acquire their native
language.
5. INTERACTIONIST
APPROACH
The Russian psychologist Lev
LVygotsky believed that language
develops entirely from social
interaction with other speakers.
We learn a second language by
interacting with people who speak that
language more proficiently that we do.
6. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
APPROAC
HES
GRAMMAR
TRANSLATION
AUDIOLINGUAL METHOD
THEORITICAL
BASIS None
The audio-lingual method , is a style of teaching
used in teaching foreign languages. It is based on
behaviorist theory, [citation needed] which
postulates that certain traits of living things, and in
this case humans, could be trained through a
system of reinforcement.
EMPHASIS
The method has two main goals:
to enable students to read and
translate literature written in the
source language,
Listening and speaking skills are emphasized and,
especially the former, rigorously developed. The
use of visual aids is effective in vocabulary
teaching. The method is just as functional and easy
to execute for larger groups. Correct pronunciation
and structure are emphasized and acquired.
7. ADVANTAGES
GRAMMAR TRANSLATION
METHOD
AUDIOLINGUAL METHOD
• Easiest for Teachers to use.
• Only use Textbooks.
• Least stressful for students- teaching occurs in
the First language.
• Students learn new language without contact
with native speakers.
• It helps the teacher to clear the meaning of a
word and sentence easily by translating it in to
the mother tongue.
• Develops oral expression without explaining
grammar
• Easily applied to a large group of people.
• Speaking and listening skills are better trained.
• All students stay active in classrooms.
• learners are more aware of the phonetic
aspects of the language.
8. DISADVANTAGES
GRAMMAR TRANSLATION METHOD AUDIOLINGUAL METHOD
• No oral work takes place in the class room due to
this method.
• The students don’t develop the power of thinking
in the target language.
• Main emphasis is given on the Rules of Grammar.
• This method doesn’t involve the students mentally
and just like story telling method.
• The main focus remains only on the mother-
tongue and the target language remains ignored.
• Basic method of teaching is repetition, speech is
standardised and pupils turn into parrots .
• New technology caught publishers and text-book
writers unprepared - very few commercial materials
were available in the early stages. Those that did
exist stressed oral and aural skills and didn't
develop reading and writing skills.
• The audio-lingual approach tends to treat learner
as homogenous rather than creative individuals
with different preference and aptitudes.
9. CONTINUE
APPROACHES NATURAL APPROACH INTERACTIONIST
APPROACH
THEORITICAL BASIS The natural approach developed by
Tracy Terrell and supported by
Stephen Krashen.
The Russian psychologist Lev
Vygotsky believed that language
develops entirely from social
interaction with other speakers.
EMPHASIS a language teaching approach which
claims that language learning is a
reproduction of the way humans
naturally acquire their native
language.
According to Vygotsky (1978), much
important learning by the child
occurs through social interaction with
a skillful tutor.
10. ADVANTAGES
NATURAL APPROACH
Students have the constant attention of the
teacher so they can listen to and speak more
English than they might in a group situation.
Students can contribute to classes more and
feel part of the learning process by bringing
material like books, songs, articles from local
newspapers to class.
Their strengths and weaknesses are addressed
more consistently and fully without the
competition of other students for the teacher’s
time.
No rapid Grammar instructions.
There are less time constraints so they can go
at their own pace and not feel pressured by
the progress of other students.
INTERACTIONIST
APPROACH
Interactionist theory states that
learning takes place with more ease if
students are constantly subjected to
demonstrations of what they are to
learn.
The basis of this theory is that the
ability of people to learn is based on
their culture and surroundings. An
advantage that can be derived from
this idea is that everyone is in charge of
their own abilities.
11. DISADVANTAGES
NATURAL APPROACH
There is a similar potential for
exhaustion as they too can be in
constant interaction in an unnatural
way with the teacher.
It can be difficult to measure progress
without other students to compare with
and the possible lack of a syllabus.
It simply borrows techniques from
other methods.
INTERACTIONIST
APPROACH
Ellis proposed that sometimes
interaction can make the input more
complicated or produce amounts of
input which overwhelm learners.
A more developmental account of both
contexts and children is needed.
Vygotsky's theory offers little
description of contexts of children of
various ages or developmental levels.
Vygotsky’s main focus as a learning
theorist was to show how knowledge
lies between the interactions with one
another and our environment.
