ICT SKILLS

1. COMPUTING FUNDAMENTALS
Computer Hardware
Innovative
Training Works

2. Objectives:
 Identify types of computers and how they process information
 Determine the functions of computer hardware components
 Enumerate the factors to consider when buying computer
equipment
 Identify how to maintain computer equipment and solve
common problems
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3. What is a computer?
Computer is an electronic device that accepts,
processes, stores, and outputs data at high speeds
according to programmed instructions.
There are two basic components that make up a
computer: hardware and software.
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4. A computer…
 Is the greatest invention since man learned to use
electricity.
 Affects almost every aspect of people‘s live
 Is no smarter than the humans who program them.
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5. Uses of Computers:
 Word processing
 Calculations
 Communication
 Computer-assisted learning
 Research
 Presentations
 Database management
 Automation
 Entertainment
Back Next: Parts of a Computer

6. Parts of the Computer
Next: Types of Computers
Monitor
System Unit
Keyboard
Mouse
Printer
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7. IBM Blue
Gene/L
Supercomputer
Types of Computers
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Biggest processing capacity
Fastest calculation ability
Used for weather forecasting,
climate research, nuclear research
etc.

8. Types of Computers
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High service availability
Can be continuously operated
for years without interruptions
Used for credit card
transactions, census, banking
system etc.
Mainframe

9. Types of Computers
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Minicomputer
Class of multi-user computer
Used as servers

10. Next: Types of Microcomputers
Microcomputer
Types of Computers
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Single-user computer
 Begins its popularity in
1970
 Used for word processing,
presentations, spreadsheet
etc.

11. Common Types of Microcomputers
Laptop/Notebook
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Macintosh (Mac) Handheld/PDA

12. Common Types of Microcomputers
Personal Computer (PC)
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Next: Components of a Microcomputer
 Launched in 1980 by IBM
 Usually runs with Windows as OS
 Most popular type of computer
in use today

13. The Four Main Components of a Microcomputer
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INPUT DEVICES
Input devices allow us to enter information into the computer. They include keyboards,
mice, scanners, and microphones.
PROCESSING DEVICES
Processing components manipulate the information once it is "in" the computer. In the
microcomputer there is a set of common components consisting of the central processing
unit (CPU), interface components, and memory (RAM).
STORAGE DEVICES
Storage devices store the entered information and programs for future use. Common
storage devices include hard disks, floppy disks, and CD-ROMs.
OUTPUT DEVICES
Output devices are how the manipulated information is returned to us. They commonly
include video monitors, printers, and speakers.
Parts of the System Unit

14. The System Unit
RAM
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Combo
Network Card
1. Common Hardware Problems
ROM-BIOS
2. Buying a computer 3. Next: Software
PCI/AGP
Slot
RAM

15. Input Devices
Other Input Devices
Keyboard
Mouse
Microphone
Scanner
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16. Other Input Devices
Barcode Reader
Web
Camera
Digital Camera
Back to Menu
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Touch screen

17. Processing Device
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Note: Random-Access Memory (RAM) helps
in processing the information
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
Also known as the microprocessor
 Performs calculations
Compares data
Processes results

18. CPU’s speed
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CPU Speed Release Date
Core 2 Quad 3.33 Ghz 2006
Intel Core 2 1.06 GHz to 3.33 GHz 2006
Intel Core 1.06 GHz to 2.33 GHz 2006
Pentium 4 1.3 GHz to 3.8 GHz 2000
Pentium III 450 MHz to 1 GHz 1999
Pentium II 266 MHz 1997
Pentium 133 MHz 1993
486 66 MHz 1989
386 25 MHz 1985
80286 12.5 MHz 1982
8088 8 MHz 1979

19. Storage Devices
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Storage Devices/Media
Types of Storage
1. Primary Storage
a. RAM - Random Access Memory
b. ROM - Read Only Memory
2. Secondary Storage
Measuring Memory

20. Storage Devices/Media
Hard Disk Drive
(HDD)
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More Storage Devices/Media
CD/DVD
Drive

21. More Storage Devices/Media
Types of CDs and DVDs:
•Read Only
•Recordable
•Rewritable
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Flash Card
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USB Flash Drive
Diskette

22. Output Devices
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Monitor
Speakers
Printer
Projector

23. Monitors
CRT (Cathode Ray Tube)
LCD (Liquid Crystal Display)
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24. Parts of the Keyboard
Alphanumeric Keys
Cursor Keys
Numeric Keypad
Function Keys
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25. Parts of the Keyboard
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26. Parts of the Keyboard
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27. Uses of the following keys in the Keyboard
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28. Parts of a Mouse
Left Button
Back
Right Button
Wheel
(Not always
available) Palm Rest
Mouse Actions:
1. Click
2. Double-click
3. Right-Click
4. Point
5. Drag
Mouse is the palm sized input device
which is designed to sit on your
desktop.

29. Parts of a Mouse
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







30. Mouse Function
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31. Printers
Dot Matrix
Inkjet
Laser Back

32. Back to illustration
Motherboard
www.desktop-computer-guide.net

33. Measuring Memory
Unit Abbreviation Size
Bit - [Smallest Unit]
Byte - 8 Bits
Kilobyte KB 1, 024 bytes
Megabyte MB 1, 048, 576 bytes
Gigabyte GB 1, 073,741,824
bytes/1, 024 MB
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34. Central Processing Unit (CPU)
Back to illustration
CPU Fan

35. Back to illustration
DDRAM
Random-Access Memory
SDRAM Photo courtesy of: www.oamao.com
SDRAM
DDRAM 3
DDRAM 2

36. Hard Disk Drive
Cross-section of HD
Paralell Advanced
Technology Attachment
Serial Advanced Technology
Attachment
Advantages:
1. Speed (data transfer)
2. Temperature
3. Connectivity

37. Hard Disk Drive
Back to illustration
Cross-section of HDD

38. 3.5” Floppy Disk
Drive
3.5 “ Floppy Disk
Back to illustration
Courtesy www.yedata.com

39. Back
Photo courtesy of: www.coolnerds.com
PC Ports

40. ROM Drive
CD / DVD
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41. Video Card
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VGA Port
DVI Port

42. AGP/ AGP Slot
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PCI Slot
AGP Slot

43. Power Supply
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44. Ethernet Card
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45. ROM-BIOS
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46. Common Hardware Problems
 Computer won’t start
 Mouse is not working well/at all
 Keyboard is not working
 Printer: Paper Jams
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47. Factors that affect computer
performance
 Viruses- Trojans, Spywares, Malwares
 Conflict OS version and hardware requirements
 No device driver installers
 Power Failures
 Lack of hard disk space
 Low memory
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48. How to maintain your computer
 Disk Cleanup
 Defragmentation
 Protect from the following:
 Temperature Extremes
 Fire, Smoke, Dust, Bugs
 Earthquake
 Food, Drinks, Water
 Power Outages
 Theft
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49. How to Buy a PC
Computing Fundamentals
 What is my purpose of buying a PC?
 What OS will best support the applications that I
will use?
 Do I need portability?
 Do I need versatility?
 How about the warranties?
Maintenance Installing New Software
Basic Troubleshooting
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