2-Ch02_mis15_L_Fall-20 (2).pptx

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Chapter 2
Global E-business and Collaboration

Learning Objectives
• 2-1 What are business processes? How are they related to information systems?
• 2-2 How do systems serve the different management groups in a business, and how do
systems that link the enterprise improve organizational performance?
• 2-3 Why are systems for collaboration and social business so important, and what
technologies do they use?
• 2-4 What is the role of the information systems function in a business?

Video Cases
• Case 1: Walmart’s Retail Link Supply Chain
• Case 2: CEMEX: Becoming a Social Business
• Instructional Video: US Foodservice Grows
Market with Oracle CRM on Demand

Enterprise Social Networking Helps ABB
Innovate and Grow (1 of 2)
• Problem
– Outdated static technology
– Geographically dispersed
• Solutions
– Develop knowledge sharing strategy and goals
– Change knowledge and collaboration processes
– Change organizational culture
– Deploy Inside+, with Yammer, Office 365, and Sharepoint

Enterprise Social Networking Helps ABB
Innovate and Grow (2 of 2)
• ABB uses Inside+ to provide new channels for
knowledge acquisition, innovation, and
collaboration
• Demonstrates IT’s role in helping organizations
improve performance and remain competitive
• Illustrates the ability of IT systems to support
collaboration and teamwork

Business Processes (1 of 3)
• In order to operate, businesses must deal with many
different pieces of information about suppliers, customers,
employees, invoices, and payments, and of course their
products and services.
• They must organize work activities that use this
information to operate efficiently and enhance the overall
performance of the firm.
• Information systems make it possible for firms to manage
all their information, make better decisions, and improve
the execution of their business processes

• Business processes
– Flows of material, information, knowledge
– Sets of activities, steps
– May be tied to functional area or be cross-
functional
• Businesses: Can be seen as collection of
business processes
• Business processes may be assets or liabilities

• Examples of functional business processes
– Manufacturing and production
▪ Assembling the product
– Sales and marketing
▪ Identifying customers
– Finance and accounting
▪ Creating financial statements
– Human resources
▪ Hiring employees

Figure 2.1: The Order Fulfillment Process

How Information Technology Improves
Business Processes
• Increasing efficiency of existing processes
– Automating steps that were manual
• Enabling entirely new processes
– Changing flow of information
– Replacing sequential steps with parallel steps
– Eliminating delays in decision making
– Supporting new business models

Systems for Different Management Groups
(1 of 2)
• Transaction processing systems (TPS)
– Serve operational managers and staff
– Perform and record daily routine transactions necessary to
conduct business
▪ Examples: sales order entry, payroll, shipping
– Allow managers to monitor status of operations and relations with
external environment
– Serve predefined, structured goals and decision making

Figure 2.2: A Payroll TPS

Systems for Different Management Groups
(2 of 2)
• Systems for business intelligence
– Data and software tools for organizing and analyzing data
– Used to help managers and users make improved decisions
• Management information systems
• Decision support systems
• Executive support systems

Management Information Systems
• Serve middle management
• Provide reports on firm’s current performance,
based on data from TPS
• Provide answers to routine questions with
predefined procedure for answering them
• Typically have little analytic capability

Figure 2.3: How Management Information
Systems Obtain Their Data from
the Organization’s TPS

Figure 2.4: Sample MIS Report

Decision support systems
• Serve middle management
• Support nonroutine decision making
– Example: What is the impact on production schedule if December
sales doubled?
• May use external information as well TPS / MIS
data
• Model driven DSS
– Example: Voyage-estimating systems
• Data driven DSS
– Intrawest’s marketing analysis systems

Figure 2.5: Voyage-Estimating Decision-
Support System

Executive Support Systems
• Support senior management
• Address nonroutine decisions
– Requiring judgment, evaluation, and insight
• Incorporate data about external events (e.g., new
tax laws or competitors) as well as summarized
information from internal MIS and DSS
• Example: Digital dashboard with real-time view of
firm’s financial performance

Interactive Session: Organizations: New
Systems Help Plan International Manage Its
Human Resources (1 of 2)
• Class discussion
– Describe the problem faced by Plan International. What
management, organization, and technology factors contributed to
this problem?
– Describe the system solution to this problem. Describe the types
of systems used for the solution.
– Why is human resources so important at Plan International?

Interactive Session: Organizations: New
Systems Help Plan International Manage Its
Human Resources (2 of 2)
– How did these systems improve operational efficiency?
– How did these systems improve decision making? Give examples
of two decisions improved by Plan’s new systems.

Enterprise Applications
• Systems for linking the enterprise
• Span functional areas
• Execute business processes across the firm
• Include all levels of management
• Four major applications
– Enterprise systems
– Supply chain management systems
– Customer relationship management systems
– Knowledge management systems

Figure 2.6: Enterprise Application
Architecture

Enterprise Systems
• Collect data from different firm functions and store
data in single central data repository
• Resolve problems of fragmented data
• Enable:
– Coordination of daily activities
– Efficient response to customer orders (production, inventory)
– Decision making by managers about daily operations and longer-
term planning

Supply Chain Management (SCM) Systems
• Manage firm’s relationships with suppliers
• Share information about:
– Orders, production, inventory levels, delivery of products and
services
• Goal:
– Right amount of products to destination with least amount of time
and lowest cost

Customer Relationship Management (CRM)
Systems
• Provide information to coordinate all of the
business processes that deal with customers
– Sales
– Marketing
– Customer service
• Helps firms identify, attract, and retain most
profitable customers
– Pareto’s 80-20 Rule

CRM and application of Pareto Principle
• The Pareto Principle, (named after esteemed
economist Vilfredo Pareto),
• Specifies that 80% of consequences come
from 20% of the causes, asserting an unequal
relationship between inputs and outputs.
• This principle serves as a general reminder that
the relationship between inputs and outputs is not
balanced.

Knowledge Management Systems (KMS)
• Support processes for capturing and applying
knowledge and expertise
– How to create, produce, and deliver products and services
• Collect internal knowledge and experience within
firm and make it available to employees
• Link to external sources of knowledge

Intranets and Extranets
• Also used to increase integration and expedite the
flow of information
• Intranets
– Internal company websites accessible only by employees
• Extranets
– Company websites accessible externally only to vendors and
suppliers
– Often used to coordinate supply chain

E-business, E-commerce, and E-government
• E-business
– Use of digital technology and Internet to drive major business
processes
• E-commerce
– Subset of e-business
– Buying and selling goods and services through Internet
• E-government
– Using Internet technology to deliver information and services to
citizens, employees, and businesses

What Is Collaboration?
• Collaboration
– Short lived or long term
– Informal or formal (teams)
• Growing importance of collaboration
– Changing nature of work
– Growth of professional work—“interaction jobs”
– Changing organization of the firm
– Changing scope of the firm
– Emphasis on innovation
– Changing culture of work

What Is Social Business?
• Social business
– Use of social networking platforms (internal and external) to
engage employees, customers, and suppliers (Examples….._)
• Aims to deepen interactions and expedite
information sharing
• “Conversations”
• Requires information transparency
– Driving the exchange of information without intervention from
executives or others

Business Benefits of Collaboration and
Teamwork
• Investments in collaboration technology can bring
organization improvements, returning high ROI
• Benefits
– Productivity
– Quality
– Innovation
– Customer service
– Financial performance
▪ Profitability, sales, sales growth

Figure 2.7: Requirements for Collaboration

Building a Collaborative Culture and
Business Processes
• “Command and control” organizations
– No value placed on teamwork or lower-level participation in
decisions
• Collaborative business culture
– Senior managers rely on teams of employees
– Policies, products, designs, processes, and systems rely on teams
– The managers purpose is to build teams

Tools and Technologies for Collaboration
and Social Business
• E-mail and instant messaging (IM)
• Wikis
• Virtual worlds
• Collaboration and social business platforms
– Virtual meeting systems (telepresence, Examples…)
– Cloud collaboration services (Google Drive, Google Docs, etc.)
– Microsoft SharePoint and IBM Notes
– Enterprise social networking tools

Interactive Session: Technology: Cisco
IX5000: What State-of-the-Art Telepresence
Can Do for Collaboration
– Describe the capabilities of Cisco’s IX5000 telepresence system.
How do they promote collaboration and innovation?
– Why would a company like Produban want to invest in a
telepresence system such as Cisco’s IX5000? How are
videoconferencing technology and telepresence related to
Produban’s business model and business strategy?
– What kinds of other companies might benefit from a telepresence
service such as IX5000? Why?

Checklist for Managers: Evaluating and
Selecting Collaboration and Social Software
Tools
• Time/space matrix
• Six steps in evaluating software tools
1. Identify your firm’s collaboration challenges: time and location
2. Identify what kinds of solutions are available
3. Analyze available products’ cost and benefits
4. Evaluate security risks
5. Consult users for implementation and training issues
6. Evaluate product vendors

Figure 2.8: The Time/Space Collaboration
and Social Tool Matrix

The Information Systems Department
• Often headed by chief information officer (CIO)
– Other senior positions include:
▪ chief security officer (CSO), chief knowledge officer (CKO), chief privacy
officer (CPO), chief data officer (CDO)
• Programmers
• Systems analysts
• Information systems managers
• End users

Organizing the Information Systems
Function
• IT governance
1. Strategies and policies for using IT in the organization
2. Decision rights
3. Accountability
4. Organization of information systems function
i. Centralized, decentralized, and so on

Source
• Management Information Systems by Kenneth
Laudon, Pearson, 15th edition
• Management Information Systems by Effy OZ.
Cengage Learning, 7th edition
MIS Fall-2020
42

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