A118 implementing the sendai framework for disaster risk reduction disability inclusion as a continuum within disaster risk mgmt

1. RI World Congress:
Implementing the Sendai Framework for
Disaster Risk Reduction

2. Structure
 Background: climate change, disasters,
DRR and differential impact
 Barriers and facilitators
 Guidelines and frameworks
 Action towards implementation of Sendai
framework

3. Climate change and disasters
 Role of climate change linked with extreme
events (EPA, 2016)
 Extreme events are more likely to cause
disasters
 Hence, likelihood of climate change causing
disasters is enhanced

4. Disasters
UNISDR, 2016

5. Disasters
Annual reported economic damages and time trend from disasters: 1980-2015
Human impact by disaster types (2015 versus average 2005-2014)
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014
Numberofdisasters
Economicdamagein2015US$value(billion)
-
Earthquake
Nepal
($5 billion)
205
278
259
413
432
414
389
421
346
($60
Earthquake
Naples Province, Italy
billion)
Earthquake
Northridge, USA
($48 billion)
Earthquake
Kobé, Japan
($155 billion)
Hurricane
Sandy, USA
($52 billion)
Hurricane
Katrina, Rita and Wilma, USA
($219 billion)
Earthquake
Sichuan, China P.Rep
($94billion)
Earthquake/Tsunami
Tohoku, Japan
($223 billion)
Flood,
($42billion)
Thailand
Flood
China
($43 billion)
450
2015 2005-2014
Deaths Affected
Comparing present to past
Storm
Andrew, USA
($45 billion)
Economic damage
Time trend of reported disasters
2015 disaster with largest economic impact
Selected disasters with largest economic impact
Occurrence
UNISDR, 2016

6. Disaster Risk Reduction
ALD 2011

7. Disasters and exposure to risk:
UNISDR, 2016

8. Disasters and exposure to risk:
 Classical geophysical view failing to explain
the differential impacts of disasters (CSID 2002)
 Pressure and Release Model:
Disaster risk = hazard X vulnerabilities
(Blaikie et al 1994, Wisner et al 2004)

9. Vulnerability:
 “The characteristics and circumstances of a
community, system or asset that make it
susceptible to the damaging effects of a
hazard” (UNISDR 2007)
 Focus on capacities and resilience (Twigg 2009)

10. Debate topic:
 Vulnerability VS « at-risk » groups VS
« differentially impacted » (UN sessions, Roth 2014)
 Evolution of the concept: at-risk situations
 Persons with Disabilities included within
at-risk groups (WHO 2001, UN 2006, HI 2009)

11. Disability:
“disability is an evolving concept and
(…) disability results from the
interaction between persons with
impairments and attitudinal and
environmental barriers that hinder their
full and effective participation in society
on an equal basis with others.” (UN 2006)

12. Differential impact
 Reports of differential impact of disasters on PWDs and
other at-risk groups
(Osaki and Minowa 2001; Chou et al 2004; IDRM 2005; Rooney and White 2007; Kett and Twigg 2007, Alexander 2011,
Katsunori Fujii 2014)
 Asia-Pacific Tsunami of 2004: estimation of double mortality
rate for PWDs (Chou et al 2004)
 Hurricane Katrina: older persons constituting 15% of the
population and 74 % of the victims (Weston and Tokesky 2006)
 Double to quadruple the mortality rate of general
population for persons with disability (Fujii 2014)

13. Differentially impacted groups
 Risk factors (Twigg 2004, Wisner 2004)
 Discrimination and power relationships
 Age
 Gender
 Poverty
 Disability:
 Physical impairment
 Sensory impairment
 Intellectual and mental impairment

14. Barriers… and facilitators
 Physical and communicational
 Structural (institutional)
 Attitudinal (social and cultural)
Quote: “You are (…) vulnerable to certain type of risk at a given
situation and time”. (T11)

15. The missing link…
 Field reports but limited research on :
 Differential impacts
 DiDRRR “good/ best practices”
 Effectiveness/ efficiency
 Monitoring and evaluation (Indicators)
 Policies and programming
 Good and best practices
8/4/2016 broken-chain.jpg (2560×1920)
Labourlist.org

16. Monitoring and evaluation
 Indicators for tracking progress
 Core and supplementary indicators
 Actual challenges: short timeline, limited reporting to date,
varied sets of indicators and limited resources to support or
monitor reporting
 “Count to be counted”
 Informed research to inform policy… to shape programming

17. The road towards
DiDRR
implementation
http://relationshipsmatternow.blogspot.ca/

18. DRR GUIDELINES
 Historically:
 Most mainstream guidelines not inclusive of PWD
(UNISDR 2009)
 Few inclusive guidelines from disability-focussed
NGOs (HI 2005/ 2009, SMRC 2005/2009, HI 2012 )
 Now: rapidly changing situation (at NGO level…)

19. Guidelines
 Sphere Guidelines (2011)
 Technical manuals (HI; 2012, 2015)
 Disability inclusive Disaster Risk Management (CBM, 2014)
 No guidelines for reporting… next two years will exposing
gaps and challenges at all levels

20. Policy level
 Convention on the Rights of Persons with
Disabilities
 Incheon Strategy (Goal 7)
 Sendai Framework for Action (2015)
 Sustainable Development Goals (2015)
 Paris agreement (UNFCCC, 2015)
disability disaggregated
data
11
6
“Persons with disabilities” or “disability” are sp
mentioned in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable
Development
Persons in vulnerable situations are specificall
mentioned in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable
Development
PARTNERSHIP
Implement the
agenda through
a solid global
partnership
PEACE
Foster peaceful, just
and inclusive societies
PROSPERITY
Ensure
prosperous and
fulfilling lives in
harmony with
nature
x
2030 Agenda for
Sustainable Development
PLANET
Protect our
planet’s natural
resources and
climate for future
generations
PEOPLE
End poverty and hunger in all
forms and ensure dignity and
equality
Disability - Inclusive
www.un.org/disabilities
x

21. Globally…
 DISABILITY INCLUSION… Slowly becoming the standard, at
least on paper.
www.zmag.org

22. What’s next?
 Implementation of the Sendai Framework and SDG’s
 Program evaluation and monitoring
 Applied research and policy development
 World Humanitarian Summit VS follow-up actions
 Sustainable and inclusive urban environments
 Financing

24. Contact information
Mathieu Simard
Rehabilitation International's Task Force on Disability, Armed Conflict, and Natural Disasters
Deputy Vice-President, Rehabilitation International North America
Vice-chair International Commission on Accessibility, Technology and Accessibility
Faculty Lecturer
Department of Health Sciences
Université du Québec à Chicoutimi
Email 1: simardmat@hotmail.com
Email 2: mathieu1.simard@uqac.ca
Phone: (418) 376-8453
Skype: mathieu.simard_pro

25. Main references
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 Alexander D (2011) Disability and disaster; Wisner B (ed.) Chapter in Handbook of Hazards, Disaster Risk Reduction and Management, London,
Routledge (in press).
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and Urbanization, 20 (2): 501-519.
 Blaikie P, Cannon T, Davis I, Wisner B (1994) At Risk: Natural Hazards, People’s Vulnerability and Disasters. Routledge, London. 471p.
 Bricout JC, Baker PMA (2010) Leveraging online social networks for people with disabilities in emergency communications and recovery. Int J
Emergency Management; 7(1): 59-74.
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Coastal Belt of Bangladesh, Khathamuddran, Dhaka. http://www.csid-bd.org/research/research01.pdf Accessed 2011-08-04
 Chou Y-J, Huang N, Cheng-Hua L, Shu-Ling T Long-Shen C, Hong-Jen C (2004) Who Is at Risk of Death in an Earthquake? Am. J. Epidemiol.
160:688-695
 Clive A, Davis EA, Hansen R, Mincin J (2010) Disability; Chapter in Philips BD, Thomas DSK, Fothergill A, Blinn-Pyke L (eds.) Social Vulnerability to
Disasters. New York, Taylor and Francis Group: 75-99.
 Davis E, Mincin J (2005) Incorporating Special Needs Populations into Emergency Planning and Exercises
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26. Main references
 Lang R (2009) The United Nations Convention on the right and dignities for persons with disability: A panacea for ending disability
discrimination?, Asia Pacific Rehabilitation Journal, Vol 17, No 1, p.3-11.
 Kett M and Twigg J (2007) Disability and Disasters: Towards an Inclusive Approach; Chapter for World Disasters Report: Focus on
Discrimination. Satigny/ Vernier, International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
 Kett M, Stubbs S, Yeo R, Deshpande S, Cordeiro V (2005) Disability in Conflict and Emergency Situations: Focus on Tsunami-
affected Areas. IDDC Research Report. http://www.pacificdisaster.net/pdnadmin/data/original/IDCC_2005_Disability_conflict.pdf
Accessed 2011-07-16
 IDRM (International Disability Right Monitor) (2005) Disability and Early Tsunami Relief Efforts in India, Indonesia and Thailand.
http://www.ideanet.org/cir/uploads/File/TsunamiReport.pdf Accessed 2010-02-18
 Handicap International (HI) (2005) How to include Disability Issues in Disaster Management Following Floods 2004 in Bangladesh.
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international.org.uk/Resources/Handicap%20International/PDF%20Documents/HI%20Associations/DisabilityDisasterManagement_
2005.pdf Accessed 2010-11-14
 Handicap International (HI) (2009) Mainstreaming Disability into Disaster Risk Reduction: A training Manual. Kathmandu,
Handicap International Nepal. http://www.handicap-international.fr/fileadmin/documents/publications/DisasterRiskReduc.pdf
Accessed 2010-11-14

27. Main references
 Murray JS (2011) Disaster preparedness for children with special healthcare needs and disabilities. Journal for Specialists in
Pediatric Nursing, 16:226-232.
 National Council on Disability. (2005). Saving Lives: Including People with Disabilities in Emergency Planning. Washington.
http://enla.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/saving-lives.pdf Accessed 2010-08-20
 Osaki Y and Minowa M (2001) Factors Associated with Earthquake Deaths in the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake, 1995, Am. J.
Epidemiol. 153:153-156
 Peek L and Stough L (2010) Children with Disabilities in the Context of Disaster: A Social Vulnerability Perspective. Child
Development; 81(4):1260-1270.
 Plan International (2010) Child-Centered DRR Toolkit. London, Plan International.
 Rooney C and White GW (2007) Consumer Perspective: Narrative Analysis of a Disaster Preparedness and Emergency Response
Survey from Persons with Mobility Impairments, Journal of Disability Policy Studies, 17: 206-215
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Bhubaneswar, Orissa. http://www.preventionweb.net/files/9707_trainingmanual.pdf Accessed 2011-11-15
 Shanta Memorial Rehabilitation Centre (SMRC) (2009) Mainstraiming Disability in Disaster Management – A Tool Kit-
http://data.undp.org.in/dmweb/pub/DisabilityToolkit.pdf Accessed

28. Main references
 Simpson J (2009) Everyone Belongs A Toolkit for Applying Intersectionality. Ottawa, CRIAW-ICREF. http://criaw-
icref.ca/sites/criaw/files/Everyone_Belongs_e.pdf Accessed 2011-08-01
 Sobsey D (1994) Violence and Abuse in the Lives of People with Disabilities: The End of Silent Acceptance. Baltimore, Paul H.
Brooks Publishing Co, Inc.
 Sullivan HT , Häkkinen MT (2011) Preparedness and Warning Systems for Populations with Special Needs: Ensuring Everyone
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 UN (2006) Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disability http://www2.ohchr.org/english/law/disabilities-convention.htm
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 UNISDR (2007) Hyogo Framework for Action http://www.unisdr.org/we/coordinate/hfa Accessed 2011-06-18
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