Presentation on "GNSS Jamming Detection, Localization and Mitigation" at the Navigation, Surveillance and Signal Intelligence Roudtable, Warsaw, 11-12 March, 2015

1. GNSS Jamming Detection, Localization and
Mitigation
Dr. ing. Marco Lisi
European Space Agency
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2. Summary
• All critical infrastructures of our society are tightly linked to
GNSS s (mainly GPS). Any major disruption of GNSS services
can throw them off and cause outages with potentially
disastrous effects;
• GNSSs, such as GPS and Galileo, besides suffering from
intrinsic limitations (e.g. too weak radio signals, not allowing
for indoor, underground and underwater applications), are
vulnerable and exposed to many threats, such as cyber-
attacks, jamming and spoofing;
• To guarantee a reliable, continuous and resilient Positioning,
Navigation and Timing (PNT) service a full, seamless
integration of GNSS and of non-GNSS infrastructures and
platforms is needed;
• Moreover, advanced anti-jamming receivers, based on digital
beam-forming and software-defined radio technologies, have
to be developed.
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3. Critical Infrastructure GPS Dependencies
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4. Commercial GNSS (GPS) Jammers

5. Susceptibility to Interference/Jamming

6. Military Vehicle-Mounted GPS Jammers
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7. GNSS Threats: Spoofing
• Spoofing is the possibility to generate, through relatively inexpensive and
technologically simple equipment, fake replicas of GNSS signals. In this
way, it is possible to provide to the attacked user or infrastructure
inaccurate information about both location and time;
• The reality of this type of threat was glamorously proven in 2013 by a
team of researchers from the University of Texas. They boarded a 65-
meter, $80 million luxury yacht named “White Rose of the Drachs”, sailing
from Monaco to the island of Rhodes in the Mediterranean.

8. Is GNSS a Time Bomb?
8
IT DOES NOT NEED TO BE!

9. North Korea’s e-Loran System

10. Multi-Sensor, Data Fusion Platforms
DARPA's “timing & inertial
measurement unit” (TIMU)
MICRO-TECHNOLOGY FOR
POSITIONING, NAVIGATION AND TIMING
(MICRO-PNT)
Chip-Scale Atomic Clocks (CSAC)

11. Future PNT System of Systems Infrastructure
Non-GNSS PNT
Systems
Autonomous PNT
Platforms
GNSSs
eLoran Wi-Fi
GSM SOPs

12. GNSS Receivers Anti-Jamming Techniques
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• Analogue Filtering (e.g. SAW) at RF and Digital Signal
Processing at baseband (pre-correlation) to reduce out-
of-band interferences and suppress interfering signals
before de-spreading. Increased resolution of Analogue-
to-Digital Converters (ADCs) for higher dynamic range;
• Controlled Reception Pattern Antenna (CRPA) with
Analogue Beam-Forming (pre-correlation);
• Controlled Reception Pattern Antenna (CRPA) with Digital
Beam-Forming (pre-correlation);
• Antenna/Receiver in Software Defined Radio (SDR)
technology with adaptive digital beam-forming and
digital signal processing (post correlation, i.e. to
maximize the overall C/(J+N).

13. GPS Anti-Jamming Receiver (U-blox)
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14. Spatial Nulling and Beamforming (1/2)
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15. Spatial Nulling and Beamforming (2/2)
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16. Principle of Adaptive Array Antenna
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17. GPS Controlled Reception Pattern Antennas
(CRPAs) with Anti-Jamming Capabilities
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18. Software Defined Radio (SDR) with Adaptive
Beam Steering for Anti-Jam Applications
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20. Conclusions
• Whether we like it or not, our society has become essentially
dependent on the world Positioning, Navigation and Timing
infrastructure, today mainly based on GNSSs;
• Many critical infrastructures of our society would literally
collapse in case of a total, worldwide GNSS failure;
• The world urgently needs an even stronger, more resilient
and more versatile PNT system of systems;
• In parallel, advanced antenna/receiver architectures, based
on adaptive beam-forming and software-defined radio
technologies, are also needed, in order to counteract
intentional and unintentional jamming.
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21. OOPS!
I have not finished yet…
Let us not forget about
the role of Education
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22. GNSS Education in the Secondary School:
Istituto Tecnico Superiore Statale (ITSS)
“Majorana-Giorgi” - Genova
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23. SPACE CHALLENGES
(http://www.spaceedu.net/
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24. Korean
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