Jorge León Conference ECLF Donóstia- San Sebastian 2015

1. Jorge León
ITENE -­ Packaging, Transport & Logistics Reseach Center
Valencia (Spain)
Electric assist cargo bikes & trikes:
boys’ toys or business tools?

2. 1. PRO-­E-­BIKE project
2. Pilot projects:
§ Sweden
§ Spain
§ Netherlands
§ Italy
3.PRO-­E-­BIKE Simulation Tool
4.Conclusions
Index

3. § Total E-­bikes tested: 74
• e-­bicycles/pedelecs, e-­cargobikes, e-­cargotricycles, e-­scooters
§ Total companies: 39
§ Total countries: 7
ü Sweden
ü Spain
ü Netherlands
ü Italy
ü Croatia
ü Slovenia
ü Portugal
PRO-­‐E-­‐BIKE
Ø Objective: promotion of E-­BIKES (electric bikes and electric scooters) for delivery
of goods and passenger transport

4. Company
profiles
Ø Post/parcel/cargo delivery companies
Ø Retailers (home delivery service)
Ø Food delivery (restaurants, fast food
chains)
Ø Goods delivery from markets
Ø Delivery of organic products
Goods

5. Company
profiles
Ø Communal inspectors
Ø Social and home care service (for
elderly and disabled people)
Ø Municipality services: waste collection
or water meter readings
Services
Passenger transport
Ø Childcare centre

6. E-­‐bikes
models
tested
Ø Pedal assist / e-­scooter
Ø E-­bikes with baskets or saddlebags
Ø Various types of cargo-­e-­bike
§ E-­cargo tricycles: from low to high capacity
(weight and volume)
§ E-­cargo bikes for children

7. Overview
of
project
pilots
Country
No. of
companies
No. of e-­bikes Testing period
(months)
% continuing
Slovenia 8 6 3-­9 13%
Netherlands 5 10 12 100%
Sweden 5 20 12 100%
Portugal 5 7 6-­12 20% (so far)
Spain 3 3 6 100%
Italy 4 7 6-­12 75%
Croatia 9 21 6-­12 89%

8. Sweden
§ Objective: E-­bikes for home care service
§ Locations: Motala, Ydre, Atvidaberg, Kinda and Aleris
§ Duration: November 2013 – October 2014
§ Vehicles replaced: Cars, scooters
§ Total E-­bikes: 19
§ E-­bike model:
Pilots

9. Sweden
Motala
(3
E-­‐bikes)
Aleris
(4
E-­‐bikes)
Ydre
(4
E-­‐bikes)
Atvidaberg
(4
E-­‐bikes)
Kinda
(4
E-­‐bikes)
Total
km
(12
months) 2,000 7,000 2,500 1,500 2,750
Average
km
per
E-­‐bike 648 1,729 632 370 683
Km
/
day
per
E-­‐bike 4 5 10 9 9
Total
services 2,500 14,000 3,000 1,000 1,300
Average
distance
per
service
(km) 0.76 0.50 0.85 1.40 2.13
Emissions
avoided
per
service
(kgCO2e) 0.1
– 0.5
Fuel
savings
per
service
(€) 0.05
– 0.2
Indicators

10. Sweden
Lessons learnt
§ Employees satisfied with the E-­bikes
ØHealth (less stress) and environmental effects
§ Winter time: weather conditions affect the use of E-­bikes
ØProtective clothing needed in autumn / winter
ØLoss of battery power
§ Maintenance deals: repairs / service
§ Organizational difficulties
Ø Hard to replace some car trips
Ø Snow and cold

11. § Objective: E-­bikes for home-­deliveries at freight companies
Ø big retailer, local market, e-­commerce
§ Location: Valencia, Ibiza
§ Duration: May 2014 -­ January 2015
§ Vehicle replaced: Vans
§ Total E-­bikes: 3 e-­cargotricycles (Txita-­Garbicycle)
Spain
Pilots

12. ENCICLE
(1
E-­‐bike)
Valencia
Market
(1
E-­‐bike)
EROSKI
(1
E-­‐bike)
Total
km
(6
months) 2,200 220 250
Km/
day 21 4 3.5
Total
orders
/
day 12 3 3
Average
distance
per
order
(km) 2 1.4 1.5
Average
volume
transported
per
day
(m3) 0.8 0.9 1.5
Average
weight
transported
per
day
(kg) 12 109 204
Average
driving
speed
(Km/h) 15 14 13
Emissions
avoided
per
order
(kgCO2e) 0.5
Fuel
savings
per
order
(€) 0.2
Spain
Indicators

13. Spain
§ Importance of training: driving and maintenance
§ Low Maintenance: 1.5 hours per month
§ Importance of driving style for battery autonomy
§ Better Access: no time-­slot restrictions and less distance travelled
§ Faster and cheaper than conventional vans
§ Company image: good feedback from clients
§ Potential improvements: refrigeration
Lessons learnt

14. § Objective: E-­bikes for delivery
§ Fast food chain, delivery service company, childcare centre, fresh and healthy
meals, local and organic products
§ Location: Arnhem, Heerhugowaard, Almere, Utrecht, Nijmegen, Amsterdam
§ Duration: Sept 2013 -­ October 2014
§ Vehicle substituted: vans, cars, scooters
§ Total e-­Bikes: 8 e-­cargobikes, 1 e-­bicycle, 1 e-­scooter
Netherlands
Pilots

15. Netherlands
Subway DHL BSO Struin MarleenKookt Puurland
E-­bikes
1
e-­‐bicycle
1
e-­‐scooter
2
e-­‐cargobikes 3
e-­‐cargobikes 2
e-­‐cargobikes 1
e-­‐cargobike
Distance 5
km/day 60
km/day 15
km/day 25-­‐30
km/day 50/week
Average distance
per journey (km)
1 30 15 25-­‐30 15
Average weight &
vol. per journey
2
kg
5
litres
40
kg
0.16
m3
250-­‐300
kg
5-­‐10
children
varied
20
kg
0.5
m3
Average speed
(Km/h)
20 18 15-­‐20 15 15
Emissions avoided
per journey (kgCO2)
0.5 8.5 3.5 6 2.5
Fuel savings per
journey (€)
0.1 4 1.5 2.5 1.2
Indicators

16. Netherlands
+ company image, sustainability
+ lower costs
+ faster
+ efficiency
-­ limited range
-­ maintenance
-­ technical malfunctions
-­ municipality hesitant to cooperate
Lessons learnt
§ Use of E-­bike cheaper compared to car or scooter but more
expensive compared to normal bike
§ Pros and Cons:

17. Ø Genoa
§ TNT | 1 e-­scooter for delivery of letters and small packages
§ Eco Bike Courier | 1 e-­cargobike for delivery parcels and bulky items
§ Grafica KC | 1 e-­cargobike for the delivery of print material
Ø Milan
§ GLS | 4 e-­bicycles for the delivery of parcels
§ Duration: April 2014 – Mid 2015
§ Vehicle substituted: vans, cars
Italy
Pilots

18. GLS
Eco Bike
Courier
Grafica
KC
TNT
Km
/
day 23 18 6 39
Total
deliveries
/
day 57 6 3 114
Average
distance
per
delivery
(km) 0.4 4.0 3.8 0.35
Average
weight
transported
per
day
(kg) 34 30 19 51
Average
volume
transported
per
day
(m3) 0.13 0.53 0.54 0.44
Average
driving
speed
(Km/h) 16 16 16 16
Emissions
avoided
per
delivery
(kgCO2) 0.1
-­‐ 1
Fuel
savings
per
delivery
(€) 0.1
-­‐ 0.5
Italy
Indicators

19. § Less costs and green marketing for big companies
§ More work opportunities for small companies
§ Less pollution for cities and citizens
§ More flexibility and affordability for customers
Italy
Lessons learnt
Convince companies to substitute
traditional scooters with e-­scooters:
Ø Battery duration
Ø Time for complete recharge
Ø Very strict operational standard
to be achieved
Convince companies to substitute
conventional vans with E-­bikes:
Ø Perceived as no efficient
Ø Doubts concerning load capacity
Ø Urban Consolidation Centres often
necessary
-­ Barriers -­

20. PRO-­‐E-­‐BIKE
Simulation
Tool
§ Available in 8 languages & customized data for each country
www.pro-­e-­bike.org

21. Conclusions
§ Better Access: no time-­slot restrictions and less distance travelled
§ Faster for urban distribution in city center
§ Fuel savings compared to conventional vehicles (cars, vans, scooters)
Øbut more factors to be considered (vehicle maintenance, insurance, UCC…)
§ Environmental benefits: energy and emissions
§ Improved company image & Corporate Social Responsibility
§ Market enlargement: offering new services

22. Conclusions
§ Concerns about:
Ø Range and battery duration
Ø Reliability / Maintenance
Ø Load capacity
Ø Winter: battery performance
Ø Need of Urban Consolidation Centres

23. Conclusions
Electric assist cargo bikes & trikes:
boys’ toys or business tools?

24. Thanks for your attention
Jorge León
jleon@itene.com