As products move to include connectivity, sensors and intelligence many people are working on the infrastructure to support the data streaming back from the field. Big data clouds, data lakes and analytics initiatives have become the focus in many cases. Yet, without accurate context – Digital Twin – time series data generated during production and ongoing operation is difficult or even impossible to understand and analyze. In addition, the ability to interpret and act upon these data often require traceability to prior information from related revisions – Digital Thread. To complicate matters further as artificial intelligence / cognitive computing is introduced the necessity becomes even greater.

1. © 2017 Aras aras.com© 2017 Aras
Necessity of the
Digital Twin & Digital Thread
Marc Lind | Aras
aras.com

2. aras.com
source: stratasys source: src
Commercial & Defense Aerospace Changing
Materials Advancements &
Additive Manufacturing
Remote & Autonomous
UAV / UAS
Data Collection &
Handling
© 2017 Aras

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Smart Connected Future = Even More Changes
New Defense Technologies + Next Gen Aircraft
More Systems-of-Systems & Craft-to-Craft
Introduction of Artificial Intelligence / Machine Learning
© 2017 Aras
source: airbus

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Data Streaming from Factory & Field
© 2017 Aras
source: airbus

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Efficiency Improvements
Performance Optimization
Predictive Maintenance
© 2017 Aras

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Datacenter & Cloud
Many Initiatives Focused on Infrastructure
Sensors
Analytics
source: goodrich
© 2017 Aras

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Time Series Data
Analyze, Interpret, Act

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source: airbus
(Some) TIME SERIES DATA
Airspeed
Altitude
Barometric Pressure (electronic/aneroid)
Outside Air Temperature (C/F)
Fuel pressure (x number of engines)
Fuel flow (x number of engines)
Cabin air pressure (psi/hg)
Cargo air pressure; doors, bulkheads
Cabin temperature; doors, bulkhead
Cargo temperature
Fuel temperature; fuel tanks, fuel pumps
Radar air traffic – TCAS
Hydraulic Pressure; brakes, flaps, spoilers, rudder, aileron, landing gear pumps
Weight sensors - landing gear
Turbines; RPM (N1/N2), Inlet- turbine pressure, Temperature, fuel burn
Voltmeter; cockpit, main bus, cabin, auxillary power, cargo, engines, APU
Generator meters (engines, APU)
Electricity Load (amp/hr); flight deck, cabin, cargo
Fire sensors; cabin, cargo, engines, fuel, brakes, electronics bay
Carbon Dioxide; cabin, cargo
Magnetic Compass
GPS (satellite / terrestrial)
Radio Compass (NDB)
Doppler radar; weather, lightning, downdraft (microburst)
ANALYSIS
CONTEXT?
Increasing Context Problem
CONTEXT
Digital Twin
configuration
Digital Thread
traceability
+
© 2017 Aras

9. © 2017 Aras aras.com
Stefane Gardmann
https://pro.europeana.eu/files/Europeana_Professional/Publications/Europeana%20White%20Paper%201.pdf
Digital Twin
Digital Thread
Knowledge = Information in Context

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Ramifications
Misdirected Actions
Misinterpretations
Inaccurate Conclusions
Future Without Digital Twin + Digital Thread Context
Risks
Unnecessary Rework / Repairs
Lost Revenues
Customer Frustration
Operational Shutdowns
Regulatory Actions
Brand Damage
Liability
Loss of Life
Safety Issues
COMPLEXITY
© 2017 Aras
Risks increase exponentially with artificial intelligence

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What is the Digital Twin Configuration?
Just Mechanical?
As-Designed?
General representation of
a family of aircraft or
defense systems?
© 2017 Aras

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Digital Twin Configuration
Software
Electronics
Mechanical
Electrical
Tail Number /
Serialized Instance
######
source: airbus
exact digital representation of the physical thing right now
© 2017 Aras

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AS SERVICED
C
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AS DELIVERED
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AS BUILT
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AS PLANNED
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AS DESIGNED
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H / I
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LOGICAL
L2
L7
L3
L8
L5
L4
L9
L10
L11
L1
FUNCTIONAL
F2
F8
F6
F4
F11
F10
F12
F9
F5
F7
F3
F13
F15
F14
F16
F1
REQUIRED
R2
R7
R3
R8
R5
R6
R4
R9
R10
R11
R14
R13
R1
R12
Concept Design Development Launch Manufacture Service
L6
DIGITALTWIN
Digital Twin Over Lifecycle

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AS SERVICED
C
D
H
K
L
G
T
F SN #97
O SN #44
R
S
A SN #6
Q SN #71
J
AS DELIVERED
C
D
H
K
L
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F SN #89
O SN #44
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S
A SN #6
Q SN #71
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AS BUILT
C
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L
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F SN #89
O SN #44
R
S
A SN #6
Q SN #53
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AS PLANNED
A
P1
C
F
D
P2
J
K
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L
G
T
Q
R
S
H / I
AS ORDERED
B
C
F
D
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J
K
O
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Q
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S
A
H / I
AS DESIGNED
B
C
D
G
K
O
J
Q
R
S
A
E ? F
H / I
L ? M
LOGICAL
L2
L7
L3
L8
L5
L4
L9
L10
L11
L1
FUNCTIONAL
F2
F8
F6
F4
F11
F10
F12
F9
F5
F7
F3
F13
F15
F14
F16
F1
REQUIRED
R2
R7
R3
R8
R5
R6
R4
R9
R10
R11
R14
R13
R1
R12
Concept Design Development Launch Manufacture Service
L6
Digital Thread Lifecycle Traceability
DIGITALTWIN

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What is the Digital Thread?
© 2017 Aras
Relationship Connections
Meaningful relationship connections between all of a product’s digital assets
– and their revisions over the lifecycle – including (but not limited to)
versions of BOMs, parts, software, electronics, CAD models, documents,
requirements, process plans, service manuals, etc

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Digital Thread = Meaningful Relationships
Context
?Bill of Materials?
FFF Alternates?
Other?
Dependency
Rev A
Part 123
Rev A
Part 987
Rev B
Part 987
Rev C
Part 987
Floating
Relationship
Part 123
Rev A
Rev A
Part 987
Rev B
Part 987
Rev C
Part 987
Fixed
Relationship

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Thousands of Existing Systems & Petabytes of Data
Users around the World
source: boeing
Are Digital Twin & Thread Achievable?

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MBSE
Simulation
ALM
ECAD
PDM
MCAD
PDM
ERP
Maint. Mgt.
IOT
Concept Development Manufacturing Service
Platform Applications
Platform Services
MES
Platform Overlay Approach

19. © 2017 Aras aras.com
Dr. Martin Eigner
19
System-of-Systems Architecture
also called Platform for the PLM Backbone
Not just Links, but
Relationships
Avoids Risk &
Disruption
Move Agile, Fast,
Bi-modal IT

20. © 2017 Aras aras.com20
Authoring-
Systems
TDM/PDM-
Systems
PLM
Backbone
PPS-
Systems
Project
Management
Systems
Engineering
Software
Engineering
Virt. & Phys.
Validation
Mechanical
Engineering
IOT
Content
Server
E/E
Engineering
Industrial
Engineering
Sales/
Service
SAP
Requirement &
Test Engineer.
Business Logic & Integration
Graphical User Interface (role based Apps)
Service
Request
Management
Reporting
PLMCockpit
Search and
Browse
DigitalPlatform(IBM)
EPLAN
Altium
Mentor
Creo
Delmia
ProcessEng.V6
Plan
Simulation
EnterpriseArchitect
IntegrityModeler
Rhapsody
IntegrityLifecycleMger
Doors+RQM+Change
ReqMan
Planisware
PSR
(ProjectStatusReporting)
MSProject
IntegrityLifecycleMger
SynergyandChangeSuite
Others
Salesforce/Medias
Maßblatt
SVN
SAP
Creo
Configurator
WT
TLDB,others
SAP
…
Matlab,
Bearinx,
Famos,
Abaqus…
Hypertest
ERS
Enovia
SAP
?
Workflow Engine
Application Integration
(Webservice, REST, OSLC, …)
Federated Repository
(Data Backbone)
Change
Management
Configuration
Management
Example Architecture
Aras Platform at Schaeffler for 20,000 Users
Platform Applications
Platform Services

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Platform Requirements for Digital Twin & Thread
Ability to ingest data
through
API and Services
Integration
ability to manipulate processes and
data through exposed API / Services
Extensibility
ability to build / extend functionality
leveraging COTS framework
Ability to exfiltrate data
out of API / Services
MUST HAVE
Transparent & Interrogatable APIs
FULL API Capabilities Exposed
Open Data Model
Dynamic Data Model
Open Data Access
CANNOT HAVE
Proprietary APIs
Incomplete or Hidden API Function Calls
Proprietary Data Models
Static / Hard Coded Data Model
Obfuscated Data

22. © 2017 Aras aras.com
Smart Connected
Technology
Industrial Internet &
Industry 4.0
Artificial Intelligence /
Cognitive Computing
Why are Digital Twin & Thread Necessary?
Context is Critical for Interpretation & Action

23. CALL TO ACTION
Aras is actively engaging in proof of concept initiatives for
open reference architecture development
Please share your use cases & best practices
Digital Twin and Digital Thread
To collaborate & contribute, please contact:
Marc Lind | Aras
mlind@aras.com
© 2017 Aras aras.com