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Presenter: Marc John Ilano
Erika Jade Ibo
THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD
Module 4 II Section 2
THEGLOBALIZATION
OFRELIGION
UNIVERSITY OF SAINT ANTHONY
College of Accountancy

LEARNING
OBJECTIVES
explain how globalization
affects religious practices and
beliefs; and
01
analyze the relationship
between religion and global
conflict and peace.
02

“Religion has actually convinced people that there's an
invisible man living in the sky who watches everything you do,
every minute of every day. And the invisible man has a special
list of ten things he does not want you to do. And if you do any of
these ten things, he has a special place, full of fire and smoke
and burning and torture and anguish, where he will send you to
live and suffer and burn and choke and scream and cry forever
and ever 'til the end of time!
But He loves you. He loves you, and He needs money! He always
needs money! He's all-powerful, all-perfect, all-knowing, and all-
wise, somehow just can't handle money!”
― George Carlin
QUOTE:

Religion plays a vital role in the lives of Filipinos for
their values are anchored on it. It has affected their
attitudes, characters and perspectives in life. This truth is
not exclusive to Filipinos. It is true to most of the former
“Third World”, developing countries and the West.
Globalization can refer to the worldwide
interconnectedness of all areas of contemporary social
life. One of these areas is religion which entails a
personal or organized system of religious beliefs and
practices.
INTRODUCTION

DEFINITION OF
RELIGION AND
GLOBALIZATION
01

Decision Click Add Related Title Text
What is
Religion?
Question:
What are the 3
types of
religion?
Religion is the belief
in and worship of a
s u p e r h u m a n
controlling power,
especially a personal
God or gods.
• Religion may be defined as a cultural
system of designated behaviors and
practices, morals, worldviews, texts,
sanctified places, prophecies, ethics,
or organizations, that relates
h u m a n i t y t o s u p e r n a t u r a l ,
transcendental, or spiritual elements.
• T h e r e a r e m a n y
different religions,
each with a different
set of beliefs.
• Each religion has
different ideas about
these things.
• The largest religions
are Chris t i a n i t y ,
Islam, Hinduism,
Buddhism, Taoism,
Sikhism, Judaism and
Jainism.
DEFINITION OF RELIGION AND GLOBALIZATION

3 Types of
Religion
The monotheistic religions include the world's largest religions:
Christianity, Judaism, Islam, and Sikhism . The word "monotheism"
comes from the Greek monos, which means "one," and theos,
which means "god." The concept differs from polytheism, a belief
in the existence of many gods, and atheism, the belief that there is
no god.
01
Animistic Religion (from Latin: anima meaning 'breath, spirit, life'),
is the belief that objects, places, and creatures all possess a distinct
spiritual essence. Potentially, animism perceives all things—
animals, plants, rocks, rivers, weather systems, human handiwork,
and perhaps even words—as animated and alive. Animism is used
in the anthropology of religion, as a term for the belief system of
many Indigenous peoples, especially in contrast to the relatively
more recent development of organized religions. Animism focuses
on the metaphysical universe, with a specific focus on the concept
of the immaterial soul.
02
03
A polytheistic religion is the one which propagates the theory of
believing in more than one god. There are many Polytheistic
religion including, Buddhism, Confucianism, and Hinduism. These
are mainly spread in the areas of the Middle East and India.
Polytheistic religions often relate each god to a thing in nature.

A process refers to a larger phenomenon that
cannot simply be reduced to the ways in which
global market have been integrated.
It is usually refers to the integration of the
national market to a wide global market signified by
the increased free trade.
Globalization refers to the historical process by
which all the world's people increasingly come to
live in a single social unit. It implicates religion and
religions in several ways. From religious or
theological perspectives, globalization calls forth
religious response and interpretation. Yet religion
and religions have also played important roles in
bringing about and characterizing globalization.
Globalization

EFFECT/INFLUENCES
OF GLOBALIZATION
TO RELIGION
02

Title Text
Globalization gave rise to
religious nationalism
1 1
2 2
EFFECTS OF GLOBALIZATION TO RELIGION
Globalization prompted
the increase of individual
religiosity.
Globalization led to
the turn of religion
into public life.
Globalization affected
the proliferation of
international terrorism.
Religious Extremism
-a type of political violence anchored on the
belief that a supreme being grants violence in
the act of glorifying one’s faith. (Martin, 2017)

Ø Global migration also influences religion. Because of migration, globalization has forced the
appearance of “religious traditions in places where these previously had been largely unknown or
considered a minority (Roudometof, 2014). This is called the deterritorialization of religion.
Ø What is Deterritorialization?
is a cultural feature that blurs the lines between culture and place and thus transcends
territorial boundaries.
Global migration also resulted in what Campbell (2007) called the
Easternization of the West. The west, which is the starting point for
the spread of world religions, is now the recepient of a new system
of beliefs from the east. There is also a rise in the number of
believers of Asian Religions.
INFLUENCES OF GLOBALIZATION TO RELIGION

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HINDUISM ISLAM
BUDDHISM
OTHER
RELIGIONS
1 2
4
3
ØHinduism is one of the oldest and largest
religions in Asia with over a billion followers.
Over 25% of the people living in Asia are
followers of Hinduism. It is subdivided into
numerous denominations with the key ones
being Shaktism, Smartism, Shaivism, and
Vaishnavism. Hinduism predates all recorded
history and is believed to have begun during the
Indus Valley Civilization era. Hinduism does not
have a single founder. Instead, it is a blend of
lineages, practices, and traditions which have
been practiced for centuries. Various significant
religions like Sikhism and Jainism can trace their
origin from Hinduism. It is the main religion in
Bali (83.5%), Nepal (81%), and India (80%) with
strong minorities in various Asian states like
Saudi Arabia, Russia, Bangladesh, Malaysia,
Indonesia, and Bhutan.
HINDUISM
MAJOR RELIGIONS IN ASIA

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HINDUISM ISLAM
BUDDHISM
OTHER
RELIGIONS
1 2
4
3
ØIslam is the most prominent religion in Asia with
over 1.1 billion followers. It is an Abraham religion
whose followers adhere to the teachings of
Mohammad (God’s last prophet). These teachings
are articulated in the Qur’an. Southeast Asia and
South Asia are home to some of the most populous
Islamic nations like Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, and
Indonesia with each having over a hundred million
Muslims. In central Asia; Uzbekistan and
Afghanistan are the two countries with the largest
Muslim population, while the non-Arab nations of
Turkey and Iran have the highest number of
Muslims in Western Asia. Some of the 23 major
Muslim countries in Asia include Lebanon, Oman,
Yemen, Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, and Qatar among others.
Bangladesh is 90% Muslim, Pakistan is 97% Muslim,
and Indonesia which has the largest Muslim
population is only 87% Muslim.
ISLAM

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HINDUISM ISLAM
BUDDHISM
OTHER
RELIGIONS
1 2
4
3
ØBuddhism is the third largest group in Asia
which is practiced by about 11.9% of people
in Asia. It is the fourth largest religion in
the world with over 520 million followers
which are about 7% of the global
population. Siddartha Gautama (also
called Buddha) is the founder of Buddhism.
Before the rise of Islamic, it was the most
widely practiced religions in Indonesia,
Philippines, Malaysia, Afghanistan and
Central Asia. The largest Buddhism
population resides in South Korea (22.9%),
Hong Kong (15%), Singapore (33%),
Vietnam (10%), Nepal (10.7%), Taiwan (35%),
Japan (36.2%), and China (18.2%). Buddhism
is dominant in numerous states including
Thailand, Sri Lanka, Mongolia, Laos, Tibet,
Burma and Bhutan among other places.
BUDDHISM

Title Text
HINDUISM ISLAM
BUDDHISM
OTHER
RELIGIONS
1 2
4
3
ØAbout 21% of the people living in Asia are
unaffiliated, which means that one in
every five individuals do not associate
with any religion while one in every ten
people are Buddhists. 9% of the people in
Asia follow folk religions like Australian
aboriginal and Chinese folk religions.
Approximately 1% of the people in Asia
are Christians while other minor religions
make up less than 1% of the population.
OTHER RELIGIONS

Ø Religion is influenced by Global Trends and Impulses and is forced to respond to
newfound situation (Roudometof, 2014).
EXAMPLE:
The use of social media as a tool for evangelization. Evangelization means
bringing the Good News of Jesus into every human situation and seeking to convert
individuals and society by the divine power of the Gospel itself. At its essence are the
proclamation of salvation in Jesus Christ and the response of a person in faith, which are
both works of the Spirit of God. It must always be directly connected to the Lord Jesus
Christ. American Evangelists Joel Scott Osteen and Kirk Thomas Cameron make use of
Facebook and other social media platforms to spread their beliefs. As such, they made a
global and borderless reach.
INFLUENCES OF GLOBALIZATION TO RELIGION

RELATIONSHIP OF
GLOBALIZATION AND
RELIGION
03

Title Text
GLOBALIZATION AND RELIGION
ØIn actualization, the relationship between religion and globalism is much
more complicated. Peter Berger argues that far from being secularized, the
“cotemporary world is … furiously religious fervor, occurring in one form
of another in all the major religious traditions- Christianity, Judaism, Islam,
Hinduism, Buddhism, and even Confucianism and in many places in
imaginative syntheses of one or more world religions with indigenous
faiths.
ØReligions are the foundations of modern republics
ØThe Malaysian government places religion at the center of the political
system. Its constitution explicitly states that “Islam is the religion of the
Federation,” and the rulers of each state was also the “Head of the religion
of Islam.”

Title Text
Ø The late Iranian leader Ayatollah Ruholla Khomeini, bragged about the
superiority of Islamic rule over its secular counterparts and pointed out
that “there is no fundamental distinction among constitutional, despotic,
dictatorial, democratic, and communistic regimes.”
Ø To Khomeini, all secular ideologies were the same-they were flawed- and
Islamic rule was the superior form of government because it was spiritual.
Yet, Iran calls itself a republic, a term that is associated with the secular.
Ø Moreover, religious movements do not hesitate to appropriate secular
themes and practices.
Ø The moderate Muslim association Nahdlatul Ulama in Indonesia has Islamic
Schools where students are taught not only about Islam but also about
modern sciences, modern banking, civic education, rights of women,
pluralism and democracy.

Title Text
ØKing Henry VIII broke away from Roman Catholic and established his own
Church to bolster his own power.
ØIn United States, religion and law were fused together to help build this
“modern secular society”.
ØAlexis de Tocqueville who wrote, “not only do the Americans practice
their religion out of self-interest but they often even place in this world the
interest which they have in practicing it.
ØJose Casanova confirms this statement by noting that “historically,
religion has always been at the very center of all great political conflicts
and movements of social reform.
ØFrom independence to abolition, from nativism to women’s suffrage,
from prohibition to civil rights movement, religion had always been at the
center of these conflicts, but also on both sides of the political barricades.

Title Text
IMPORTANCE OF RELIGION
ØIt plays a vital role in man’s search for world peace.
ØThe teachings of great religions on moral principles and values are
necessary tools for the abatement of avarice, abhorrence, and illusions that
are root causes of conflicts.
ØReligion touches the inner self of humans and encourages them to
improve themselves and society.
What is World Vision?
is an international partnership of Christians whose mission is to
follow our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ in working with the poor and
oppressed to promote human transformation, seek justice, and bear
witness to the good news of the Kingdom of God.

MODEL OF FOUR
DISTINCT
GLOCALIZATION
04

Title Text
VERNACULARIZATION
refers to the blending of
universal religions with local
languages.
01 03
02
04
MODEL OF FOUR DISTINCT GLOCALIZATION
NATIONALIZATION
it constructs a link between the
nation and church. Religious
institutions relate to national
identities and the realities of that
nation. Being part of the nation
means belonging to its national
church.
TRANSNATIONALIZATION
I t h a s c o m p l e m e n t e d
religious nationalization by
focusing groups on identifying
specific religious traditions of real
or imagined national homelands.
INDIGENIZATION
Transform a universal
religion to suit the specifics of a
particular ethnic groups.

FIVE STAGES OF
GLOBAL RELIGIOUS
REBELLION AGAINST
THE SECULAR STATES
05

Title Text
Revolt against Secularism
-wherein localized uprisings go
up against the state’s less
moral authority to govern.
Internalization of Religious
Rebellion
-wherein the warfare comes
between the religious and
secular politics.
Invention of Global Enemies
-wherein anti-American and
anti-European sentiments are
growing.
Global War
-wherein there is an expansion
of range and depth of conflict
between the secular and
religious forces.
Religious Dimensions of post-
Arab Spring
-wherein the jihadist strategy
is proven to be not the way to
end the struggle.
GLOBAL RELIGIOUS REBELLION

Title Text
Ø For a phenomenon that is about everything, it is odd that globalization is seen to have
very little to do with religion. As Peter Bayer and Lori Beaman observed, Religion, it seems,
is somehow outside looking at globalization as problem or potential? One reason for this
perspective is the association of globalization with modernization, which is a concept of
progress that is based on science, technology, reason and the law),With reason, one will
have to look elsewhere than to moral discourse for fruitful thinking about economic
globalization and religion; Religion, being a belief system that cannot be empirically proven
is. therefore, anathema to modernization. The thesis that modernization will erode religious
practice is often called Secularization theory.
CONCLUSIONS OF The Globalization of Religion

Title Text
Religious leaders have used religion to wield influence in the
political arena, either as outsiders criticizing the pitfalls of pro-
globalization regimes, or as integral members of coalitions who play
key roles in policy decision makings and the implementation of
government projects. In short, globalization allows for religions
previously isolated from one another to now have regular and
unavoidable contact. As a result, globalization brings to the light the
fact that since religions have similar values, not one of them is
“correct” and, therefore, can be changed.

Title Text
Religion is also a source of peace. It
plays a vital role in man’s search for world
peace. The teachings of great religions on
moral principles and values are necessary
tools for the abatement of avarice,
abhorrence and illusions that are the root
causes of conflicts. Religion touches the
inner self of humans and encourages them
to improve themselves and society.
Religious peacemakers do their task
concerning humanitarian assistance and
faith-centered intervention.

Title Text
In many ways, religion is affected by
globalization. At the same time, it has
contibuted to the rise of global conflicts
and the achievement of world peace.
C o n f l i c t s a r e c a u s e d b y d i f f e r e n t
interpretations of the religious sacred texts
applied in the secular world in the guise of
economic and political clashes or vice versa.
Either individualized or institutionalized,
religion is one of the actirs of cultural
globalization.

Title Text
Ø https://www.e-ir.info/2014/07/16/religion-and-globalization-new-possibilities-furthering-
challenges/#:~:text=In%20short%2C%20globalization%20allows%20for%20religions%20pre
viously%20isolated,is%20%E2%80%9Ccorrect%E2%80%9D%20and%2C%20therefore%2C%20ca
n%20be%20changed.%20%5B29%5D
Ø https://www.slideshare.net/tmalit1/the-globalization-of-religion
Ø https://prezi.com/p/4tq0iuxini3t/the-globalization-of-religion
Ø https://www.slideshare.net/efendievaz/globalization-and-religion
Ø Brazalote, T., Leonardo, R., “The Contemporary World: Outcome-Based Module”, C
& E Publishing, Inc., 2019.
REFERENCES

Question:
Whatarethe3thingyousignificantly
learnedfromthediscussionandhow
globalizationaffectedyourreligious
beliefsandpractices?
08

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