The document describes the kingdom Animalia and its characteristics. It is divided into two classifications - invertebrates without backbones, and vertebrates with backbones. It details the 9 phyla of invertebrates and 1 phylum of vertebrates. For each phylum, it provides examples and key distinguishing characteristics such as body structure, organs, and feeding methods. The major classes of vertebrates are also outlined, focusing on distinguishing anatomical features.

1. Kingdom
Animalia

2. Characteristics
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They are heterotrophic.
All are multicellular.
They all vary in size.
2 classifications
- Invertebrates: without backbone
- Vertebrates: with backbone
• Composed of 9 phyla

3. Invertebrates
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Porifera
Cnidaria
Platyhelminthes
Nematoda
Annelida
Mollusca
Arthropoda
Echinodermata
Vertebrates
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Chordata

4. Phylum Porifera
• Also known as SPONGES
• Have PORES or HOLES in their bodies and a
single large opening called osculum
• Filter feeders
• Has two layers of cells
-epidermal cells
-collar cells

6. Phylum Cnidaria
• Hollow, tube-like bodies
• Presence of nematocyst
• Bodies are composed of two layers of tissue:
epidermis and gastrodermis
• Food is ingested and expelled through the
gastrovascular cavity

7. Sea Anemone

8. Hydra

9. Phylum Platyhelminthes
• Commonly known as flatworms
• Flat bodies
• They posses only a hollow sac with a single
opening for food and waste excretion

10. Liverfluke

11. Marine Worm

12. Phylum Nematoda
• Commonly known as roundworms
• Round bodies covered with cuticle
• Ascaris and hookworms are examples

13. Phylum Annelida
• Characterized by ring like body parts
• Have similar segments throughout their
bodies
• Presence of mouth and anus
• Have hearts and blood vessels

15. Phylum Mollusca
• Have soft bodies but they have hard
protective shells as outer body covering
• Mussels, clams, and oysters are examples

16. Phylum Arthropoda
• Most diverse of all the phyla
• Exhibits cephalization
• Well developed nervous system (brain and nerve
cord)
• Have segmented bodies
• Body is divided into 3 segments (head, thorax
and abdomen)
• Exoskeleton is made up of chitin
• They molt or shed their exoskeleton as they
grow up

18. Phylum Echinodermata
• Has a tube feet system of canals
• For sucking in seawater to obtain nutrients
and for expelling wastes.

19. Phylum Chordata
• Three distinguishing structures:
-notochord
-skull
-vertebral column or backbone

21. Major classes of Vertebrates
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Agnatha (jawless fishes)
Chondrichthyes (cartilaginous fishes)
Osteichthyes (bony fishes)
Amphibia
Reptilia
Aves
Mammalia

22. Class Agnatha
• Jawless fishes but have sucking mouth parts
• No paired fins, jaws or scales
• Notochord serves as the skeleton of
agnathans

23. Class Chondricthyes
• Skeletons are made up of cartilage
• Have gills, fins and scales
• Have toothlike scales

24. Class Osteichthyes
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Called bony fishes
Skeletons are made up of bones
Scales are flattened
Presence of swim bladder

25. Class Amphibia
• They generally live in or near bodies of water
• Early stages on water, adult stage on land

26. Class Reptilia
• Have hard body coverings (scales or plates)
• Sharp claws on their toes adapted for climbing
and tearing prey
• Cold-blooded organisms
• They breathe through their lungs
• Most are egg laying

28. Class Aves
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Feathers cover the bodies of birds
Presence of beak or bill for food getting
A pair of wings that enables them to fly
Warm-blooded animals
All of them are egg-laying

30. Class Mammalia
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Presence of mammary glands
These secretes milk (in females)
Warm blooded animals
They reproduce through sexual means

33. QUIZ

34. • Now that you have learned how diverse living
things are (especially plants and animals),
please make an essay on how can a Rocesian
participate in conserving the biodiversity here
in the Philippines.
• Arial, 12, 2” spacing, Narrow margin, short
bond paper, maximum of 5 (five pages)
• Submission: Wednesday
• Deductions for similar answers will be given.
• Please observe honesty with your work.