1. Objectives
 Organization of the lower limb
 Bony features
 Front of the thigh
 Medial side of the thigh
 Femoral triangle
 Adductor canal
Dr. Dalia Saleh (Anatomy Dept)

2. Overview

3. Organization of the Lower Limb
 It is connected to the axial skeleton
by a sacroiliac joint and its ligaments.
ligaments.
 It is divided into:
 The gluteal region
 The thigh
 The leg
 The foot
Dr. Dalia Saleh (Anatomy Dept)

4. Organization of the Lower Limb
 Important landmarks in the lower limb:
 The femoral triangle
 The popliteal fossa
 The posteromedial aspect of the ankle
joint
Dr. Dalia Saleh (Anatomy Dept)

5. Function
 Support body weight:
 The center of gravity is:
 Anterior to the edge of the S2
S2
vertebra in the pelvis
 Slightly posterior to the hip joints
 Anterior to the knee joint
 Anterior to the ankle joint
 The ligaments are tight and joints
are well supported
Dr. Dalia Saleh (Anatomy Dept)

6. Function
 Locomotion:
 Flexion and extension at hip joint
 Abduction and adduction at hip joint
 Internal and external rotation of the hip joint
 Flexion and extension at the knee joint
 Plantar flexion and dorsiflexion at the ankle joint
 Inversion and eversion at the subtalar joint
Dr. Dalia Saleh (Anatomy Dept)

7. Thigh

8. Compartments of the Thigh
 Femur
 Skin, superficial fascia and
deep fascia
 Medial intermuscular septum
 Lateral intermuscular septum
 Posterior intermuscular
septum
 Anterior compartment
 Medial compartment
 Posterior compartment
Dr. Dalia Saleh (Anatomy Dept)

9. Boney Features

10. Hip Bone
 Acetabulum
 Anterior superior iliac spine
 Anterior inferior iliac spine
 Obturator foramen
 Body of pubic bone
 Pubic crest
 Pubic tubercle
 Superior pubic ramus
(pectineal surface)
 Inferior pubic ramus
Dr. Dalia Saleh (Anatomy Dept)

11. Femure
 Intertrochanteric line
 Anterior surface of body of
femure
 Greater trochanter
 Lesser trochanter
 Intertrochanteric crest
 Pectineal line
 Linea aspera
 Medial surachondylar line
 Adductor tubercle
Dr. Dalia Saleh (Anatomy Dept)

12. Tibia
 Tibial tuberosity
 Anterior border (shin of tibia)
 Medial surface of tibia
Dr. Dalia Saleh (Anatomy Dept)

13. Anterior Compartment

14. Anterior Compartment
 Muscles:
 Sartorius
 Iliopsoas
 Pectineus
 Quadriceps
 Region:
 Femoral triangle
 Contents:
 Femoral nerve
 Femoral artery
 Femoral vein
 Femoral LN
Dr. Dalia Saleh (Anatomy Dept)

15. Sartorius
 Strap like muscle.
 Divides front of thigh into upper
medial and lower lateral parts
 Origin:
 ASIS.
 Insertion:
 Upper part of medial surface of tibia.
 Nerve supply:
 Femoral nerve.
 Action:
 Flexes both hip and knee joints.
Dr. Dalia Saleh (Anatomy Dept)

16. Iliopsoas
 Origin:
 Iliacus  iliac fossa of hip bone
 Psoas major  Transverse processes,
bodies, and intervertebral discs (T12 –
(T12
L5)
 Insertion:
 Into lesser trochanter of femur.
 Nerve supply:
 Femoral nerve.
 Action:
 Flexes thigh on trunk.
 Flexes trunk on thigh (sitting, leaning).
Dr. Dalia Saleh (Anatomy Dept)

17. Pectineus
 Origin:
 Superior ramus of pubis
 Insertion:
 Upper end of linea aspera of shaft of
femur
 Nerve supply:
 Femoral nerve.
 Action:
 Flexes and adducts thigh at hip joint
Dr. Dalia Saleh (Anatomy Dept)

18. Quadriceps – Rectus Femoris
 Origin:
 Straight head  AIIS
 Reflected head  ilium just superior to the
acetabulum
 Insertion:
 Quadriceps femoris tendon  patella 
ligamentum patellae  tibial tuberosity
 Nerve supply:
 Femoral nerve
 Action:
 Flexes the thigh at the hip joint
 Extends the leg at the knee joint
Dr. Dalia Saleh (Anatomy Dept)

19. Quadriceps – Vasti
 Origin:
 Vastus medialis Upper end and shaft of femur
medialis
 Vastus lateralis  Upper end and shaft of
femur
 Vastus intermedius  anterior and lateral
surfaces of femur
 Insertion:
 Quadriceps femoris tendon  patella 
ligamentum patellae  tibial tuberosity
 Nerve supply:
 Femoral nerve
 Action:
 Extends the leg at the knee joint
Dr. Dalia Saleh (Anatomy Dept)

20. Medial Compartment

21. Medial Compartment
 Muscles:
 Pectineus
 Adductor longus
 Gracilis
 Adductor brevis
 Adductor magnus
 Obturator externus
 Region:
 Adductor canal
 Contents:
 Femoral artery and vein
 Saphenous nerve
 Nerve to vastus medialis
Dr. Dalia Saleh (Anatomy Dept)

22. Gracilis
 Origin:
 Inferior ramus of pubis, ramus of ischium
 Insertion:
 Upper part of medial surface of shaft of tibia
 Nerve supply:
 Obturator nerve
 Action:
 Adducts thigh at hip joint
 Flexes leg at knee joint
Dr. Dalia Saleh (Anatomy Dept)

23. Adductor Longus
 Origin:
 Body of pubis, medial to pubic tubercle
 Insertion:
 Posterior surface of shaft of femur
 Nerve supply:
 Obturator nerve
 Action:
 Adducts thigh at hip joint
 Lateral rotation of the thigh
Dr. Dalia Saleh (Anatomy Dept)

24. Adductor Brevis
 Origin:
 Inferior ramus of pubis
 Insertion:
 Posterior surface of shaft of femur
 Nerve supply:
 Obturator nerve
 Action:
 Adducts thigh at hip joint
 Lateral rotation of the thigh
Dr. Dalia Saleh (Anatomy Dept)

25. Adductor Magnus
 Origin:
 Inferior ramus of pubis, ramus of ischium, ischial
ischium,
tuberosity
 Insertion:
 Pubic part  Posterior surface of shaft of femur
 Ischial part  Adductor tubercle of the femur
 Nerve supply:
 Pubic part  Obturator nerve
 Ischial part  Sciatic nerve
 Action:
 Pubic part  Adducts and laterally rotate thigh
 Ischial part  Extends hip and flexes knee
Dr. Dalia Saleh (Anatomy Dept)

26. Obturator Externus
 Origin:
 Outer surface of obturator membrane
and pubic and ischial rami
 Insertion:
 Medial surface of greater trochanter
 Nerve supply:
 Obturator nerve
 Action:
 Laterally rotates thigh
Dr. Dalia Saleh (Anatomy Dept)

27. Femoral Triangle
Adductor Canal

28. Femoral Triangle
 Site:
 Triangular depressed area
 At the upper part of the medial
aspect of the thigh
 Boundaries:
 Superiorly: The inguinal ligament
 Laterally: The sartorius muscle
 Medially: The adductor longus muscle
 Floor:
 Iliopsoas
 Pectineus
 Adductor longus
Dr. Dalia Saleh (Anatomy Dept)

29. Femoral Triangle
 Contents:
 Femoral nerve and its branches
 Femoral sheath containing:
 Femoral artery and its
branches
 Femoral vein and its
tributaries
 Femoral canal
 Femoral LN
Dr. Dalia Saleh (Anatomy Dept)

30. Adductor Canal
 Site:
 Lies on the medial aspect of the middle
third of the thigh beneath the
sartorius muscle
 Boundaries:
 Superiorly: the apex of the femoral
triangle
 Inferiorly: the opening in the adductor
magnus
 Posteriorly:
Posteriorly: The adductor longus and
adductor magnus
 Laterally: Vastus medialis
 Roof: Fascia and sartorius
Dr. Dalia Saleh (Anatomy Dept)

31. Adductor Canal
 Contents:
 The terminal part of the femoral artery
 The terminal part of the femoral vein
 The deep lymph vessels
 The saphenous nerve
 The nerve to the vastus medialis
 The terminal part of the obturator nerve
Dr. Dalia Saleh (Anatomy Dept)

32. For more details please go back to any text book
Dr Dalia Saleh
Dr. Dalia Saleh (Anatomy Dept)