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VIRTUAL REALITY
By:
Manoj Kumawat
13075029

2.
Reality : state or quality of being real

3.
What is real ?

4.
What makes reality Real?

5.
•"Reality is merely
an illusion, albeit a
very persistent
one.”
~ Albert Einstein

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Virtual : Not physically existing as
such, but made by software to
appear to do so.

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Reality – virtuality continuum

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Computer-Mediated reality:
It to the ability to add to, subtract information from, or otherwise
manipulate one's perception of reality through the use of
a wearable computer or hand-held device.

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Mixed Reality:
It is the merging of real and virtual worlds to produce new
environments and visualizations where physical and digital objects
co-exist and interact in real time.

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Examples of Mixed reality :

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Subsets of Mixed Reality
1. Augmented reality
2. Virtual reality

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Augmented Reality:
It is a live view of a real-world environment whose elements
are augmented by computer-generated sensory input such as
sound, video, graphics or GPS data.

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Augmented Reality examples:

14.
Augmented Reality examples:

15.
Augmented Reality examples:

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Augmented Reality examples:

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Virtual Reality
It is a real-time simulation of an environment, including 3D
graphics.
in other words,
Virtual reality is a computer generated world with which the user
can interact.

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Why VR ?
To explore human imagination.

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History of VR
-:head-sight:- -:ultimate-display:-

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Components of Immersion
Depth of Information - amount and quality of data in the
signals a user receives when interacting in a virtual
environment.
Breadth of Information - the number of sensory dimensions
simultaneously presented.

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Types of VR
1. Non-immersive
2. Semi-immersive
3. Immersive

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1. Non-immersive VR
3d virtual environment graphically displayed on a
desktop computer monitor, known as desktop VR or
Window on World (WoW)

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..contd
1. least immersive implementation of VR techniques
2. virtual environment is viewed through a window
3. Interaction can occur by conventional means such as
keyboards, mice and trackballs or maybe enhanced by
3D interaction devices such as a SpaceBall or DataGloves

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Examples of Wow :

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2. Semi-immersive VR
Advanced flight, ship and vehicle simulators are
semi-immersive. The cockpit, bridge or driving seat
are the physical models, where as the view of the
world outside is computer-generated
(typically projected).

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..contd
1. high performance graphics computing system coupled
with:
> A large screen projector system
> Multiple television projection systems
2. provide a greater sense of presence than non-
immersive systems

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Examples of semi-immersive VR:

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3. Immersive VR
Environment seen through a head-mounted
display(HMD). In a completely immersive system the
user feels part of the environment (experiences a
feeling of presence). The user has no visual contact
with the physical world.

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Head Mounted Display(HMD)
HMD is a helmet that holds the visual and auditory
displays. In HMDs, projectors feed real time images to
small screens attached inside a kind of helmet that the
user wears .

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Head Mounted Display(HMD)
Examples:

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Architecture of VR
Input Processor, Simulation Processor, Rendering
Processor and World Database.

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1. Input Processor
> It controls the input devices used such as keyboard,
joystick, 3D position trackers (glove, wand, body suit),
voice recognition system, etc.
> Some glove systems can also add gesture recognition.
>The objective is to get the coordinated data from the
input devices to the rest of the system.

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2. Simulation Processor
> Core of a VR system.
> It handles the interactions, simulation of physical
laws & determines the world status.
> It is a discrete process which is iterated once for
each time step or frame. This process finally decides
the actions to be taken place in the virtual world

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3. Rendering Processor
> Create the sensations that are output to the user.
> Separate rendering processes are used:
a) visual rendering
b) auditory rendering
c) haptic rendering

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a) Visual rendering
> It is related to the computer graphics & animation
> Sub-processes create visual frames
>Description of world, objects, lighting in the world space
> Geometries of real-world objects are transformed into
eye co-ordinate system

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b) Auditory rendering
> It produces mono stereo or 3D audio
>There are many aspects of our head & ear shape that
effect the recognition of 3D sound.
Hence the HRTF is applied to the sound.

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c) Haptic rendering
> Haptics is the generation of touch & force feedback
information.
> Almost all systems to date have focused on force
feedback.

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Input devices

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Output devices

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VRML
> Virtual Reality Modelling Language
> Descriptive, rather than procedural
> It is a standard for delivering 3D picture on the net, just like
HTML is a standard for web pages.

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The ‘world’ representation
> It has a way of describing geometry which creates objects and
spaces in which you can move around, as well as light, texture
and sound which can be approached and viewed from whatever
angle.
> The files are called ‘worlds’ and have ‘.wrl’ extension

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Syntax:
1. Nodes
2. Events and routes
3. Sensors

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Nodes
> Define the scene
> a node is defined with several fields
> Fields have their type, field name, default value

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Nodes example
#VRML V2.0 utf8 Node
WorldInfo { field
title "Example 1"
}
DEF FBOX Shape {
appearance Appearance {
material Material {
diffuseColor 0 0.5 0
}
}
geometry Box {
}
}

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Events and routes
> A route wires two events together

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Sensors
Time sensors
Visibility sensors
Collision sensors
Proximity sensors
Touch sensors

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Applications of VR
Entertainment
> More vivid
> Move exciting
> More attractive

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Applications of VR
Medical
> Practice performing surgery.
> Perform surgery on a remote patient.
> Teach new skills in a safe, controlled environment.

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Applications of VR
Engineering and designing
> Easy to modify
> Low cost
> High efficient

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Applications of VR
Education & Training
> Driving simulators.
> Flight simulators.
> Ship simulators.
> Tank simulators.

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Any Queries ?

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References:
1. Komura, T., Lau, R. W. H., Lin, M. C., Majumder, A., Manocha, D., & Xu, W. W. (2015). Virtual
Reality Software and Technology.IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, 35(5), 20-21. [7274437].
DOI: 10.1109/MCG.2015.102
2. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics ( Volume: 21, Issue: 12, Dec. 2015 )
3. Mixed and Augmented Reality Workshops (ISMARW), 2015 IEEE International Symposium
4. Quantigraphic camera promises HDR eyesight from Father of AR, by Chris Davies, SlashGear, Sep
12th 2012
5. Architecture's Virtual Shake-Up" Tayfun King, Click, BBC World News (2005-10-28)

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Thank You !