This document discusses the role of urban areas in biodiversity conservation. It outlines that while urbanization is resulting in biodiversity loss, urban areas can still play an important role by providing corridors and stepping stones for wildlife migration. When urban areas incorporate green spaces like parks, gardens, and street trees, they generate diverse habitats that support many plant and animal species. The document reviews global practices of integrating biodiversity considerations into urban planning and provides examples of biodiversity initiatives taken in urban parks in Nepal. It argues that with proper planning, urbanization need not threaten biodiversity and that cities provide opportunities to conserve nature.
2. Role of Urban Areas in
Biodiversity
Conservation
(Biodiveristy Conservation
and Restoration)
EES 603
Manoj Neupane
AFU, Hetauda
manoj.neupane@gmail.com
6. Introduction
6
• Urban area or Urban agglomeration, is a
human settlement with high population
density and infrastructure of built
environment
• Area with higher population density than its
surrounding area (house in every 200m/
1500/ sq. km )
• Roughly 3% of the Earth's land surface is
occupied by urban areas
7. Introduction
7
• Biodiveristy is the variability among the living
organism from all sources (CBD,1992)
• As more and more people prefer to live in cities
worldwide, biodiversity loss in urban
environment is being increasingly reported more
than ever before (Rastandeh et al., 2017)
8. Introduction
8
About 3.5 billion(50%) people, of the global
population, already live in urban areas; over the
next 25 years, more than 2 billion people are
predicted to be added (UN, 2013)
10. Methodology
10
Secondary data
• Different literatures, journals & thesis
reports
• Other related materials from different
sources
• Consultation with the experts on the field
11. 11
Corridor and Stepping Stone
• The value of wildlife in urban areas is often
underestimated urban areas can act as Corridor
• Well managed urban areas can act as stepping
stone in wildlife migration
12. 12
Urban Area and Biodiversity (Moore, 2019)
• Wherever trees are established wildlife and
other plant are sure to follow
• Trees and associated plants provide shelter and
food for a variety of birds and small animals.
• The parks, gardens, street and front and
backyards provide a very diverse range of plant
species that generate a myriad of habitats and
niches for wildlife
13. 13
Urban Area Management in Policy
Documents
• Legal Documents and Agreement ( 30% Space, 2
tree)
• Strategic Development Master Plan (2015 – 2035)
for Kathmandu Valley (Involving green
infrastructure)
• For instance, with an effort to conserve forest areas,
the Ministry of Forest and Environment has declared
Forest Decade (2015-2025) with the theme ‘One
house, one tree; One village, one forest; One
city, one park’,” the report added.
14. 14
Practice around the World
• Urban areas have been losing the battle of biodiversity
since the advent of civilization and was triggered most by
urban sprawl
• Most of the developed countries have proper urban plan
for maintaing greenery
• Australia has provision for making green park in every
300m
• Our neighbor country India and Chinaaer also doing
amzing job (Chandigarh, Delhi, )
•
15. 15
Practice in Nepal
Ratna Park, Balaju Park, Tribhuwan
Park, Sankha Park, Mitra Park, Godavari
Park in Kathmandu; Sahid Smarak Park
& Pushpalal Park in Hetauda, Fulbari
Park in Butwal
Roadside plantations: Kathmandu,
Pokhara, Butwal, Hetauda, Damauli,
Narayangadh etc
16. 16
Opportunities
• 253 Urban municipality along with Metro
municipality and Sub metro municipality
• 753 Local level are preparing Local Urban
Development plan (UNDP, 2019)
Fundamental Right
Article 30 : Right to Healthy Environment
• 10% revenue from vehicle tax for
environment protection work
17. 17
Conclusion
• With the expected continued expansion of the
world's urban environment, natural habitats and
biodiversity are in a fragile position.
• With right form and organization urban areas can
provide opportunities, not merely threats, to
biodiversity.
• Numerous methods and innovative solutions are
being developed and integrated into urban
landscape.
18. Reference
18
• CBD. (1992). Convention on Biological Diveristy. Rio De Generio:
Convention on Biodiversity.
• Moore, G. M. (2019). The Value of Trees in Urban Areas. Melbourne:
Burnley College, University of Melbourne.
• Rastandeh, A., Brown, K. D., & Pedersen, M. Z. (2017). Biodiveristy
Conservation in Urban Environment: a Review on the the Importance of
Spatial Patterning of the . Wellington, New Zealand: Victoria University
of Wellington.
• UN. (2013). World Urbanization Prospects. New York: United Nations.
• UNDP. (2019, 20 11). United Nation Development Program. Retrieved
from UNDP Website: https://www.np.undp.org/
Analyze the shifting paradigms in the processing and uses of forest products ( vaneer, plywood, artistic wood prodducts, other commercial processed goods etc. ) by using valuable as well as least used species and its trade in Nepal.
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