it is about regeneration and adaptation which is process of healing and restoration of tissues

1. Topic – Regeneration &
adaptation

2. Regeneration
It is the process of healing by
proliferation of parenchymal cells ,
results in complete restoration of
original tissues

5. Proliferation & differentiation
• Proliferation may be defined as the expansion of cells by the
continuous division of single cells into two daughter cells.
• Differentiation is the process whereby an undifferentiated cell, e.g.
a stem cell, acquires the features of a specialized cell.
The Relationship Between Proliferation
and Differentiation
• Proliferation occurs prior to differentiation.
• Without proliferation, differentiation would not occur.
• Differentiation is a default program requiring prior proliferation. But
the corollary is not true.
• If proliferation is affected by a drug or other agent or perturbation,
then differentiation will also be affected, but not visa versa

6. Classification
Physiologic Reparative
Pathologic

16. Surgical wound healing

17. Keloid

20. Dysplasia

21. Adaptation
• an adaptation, also called an adaptive trait, is
a trait with a current functional role in the life of
an organism that is maintained and evolved by means
of natural selection.
• Adaptation refers to both the current state of being
adapted and to the dynamic evolutionary process that
leads to the adaptation.
• The developmental norm of reaction for any given
trait is essential to the correction of adaptation as it
affords a kind of biological insurance or resilience to
varying environments.

22. adaptive
processes• Atrophy
• Hypertrophy or hyperplasia
• Organization
• Reconstruction
• Metaplasia
• Dysplasia

23. Atrophy
• Atrophy is the partial or complete wasting away of a part of the body.
Causes of atrophy include mutations (which can destroy the gene to build
up the organ), poor nourishment, poor circulation, loss
of hormonal support, loss of nerve supply to the target organ, excessive
amount of apoptosis of cells, and disuse or lack of exercise or disease
intrinsic to the tissue itself.
• In medical practice, hormonal and nerve inputs that maintain an organ or
body part are said to have trophic effects. A diminished muscular trophic
condition is designated as atrophy.
• Atrophy is the general physiological process of reabsorption and
breakdown of tissues, involving apoptosis. When it occurs as a result of
disease or loss of trophic support due to other disease, it is
termed pathological atrophy, although it can be a part of normal body
development and homeostasis as well.

25. Kinds of general atrophy
• Alimentary cachexia
• Tumoral cachexia
• Hypophysear cerebral cachexia
• Toxic cachexia

26. Kinds of Local atrophy
• Dysfunctional or disuse atrophy
• Atrophy due to hypo circulation
• Atrophy due to high pressure
• Neurotrophic atrophy
• Atrophy under the influence of physical and
chemical factors

28. Atrophy of hepatocytes

29. Brown atrophy of heart

31. Hypertrophy

33. Organization
• Replacement of necrosis or clot with
the connective tissue
• Encapsulation
• Petrification

34. Reconstruction
=
hyperplasia
+
Regeneration
+
Accommodation

35. Compensation
• Compensatory growth is a type of regenerative growth
that can take place in a number of human organs after
the organs are either damaged, removed, or cease to
function.
• Additionally, increased functional demand can also
stimulate this growth in tissues and organs. The growth
can be a result of increased cell size
(compensatory hypertrophy) or an increase in cell
division (compensatory hyperplasia) or both.
• For instance, if one kidney is surgically removed, the
cells of other kidney divide at an increased rate.
Eventually, the remaining kidney can grow until its
mass approaches the combined mass of two kidneys