The document summarizes the objectives and key topics discussed at the 5th International Conference on Mechanical Engineering and Renewable Energy (ICMERE-2019). The conference focused on studying current global energy consumption and the role of different energy sources like fossil fuels, nuclear power, and renewables. It discussed challenges like meeting increasing demand through low-cost and low-carbon sources. Presentations analyzed energy resources, generation and consumption trends over time for different fuels. The impact of various energy sources on climate change and their economic costs were also evaluated. The conference emphasized the need for sustainable energy solutions to address future challenges.

1. THE 5TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MECHANICAL
ENGINEERING AND RENEWABLE ENERGY (ICMERE-2019)
Rakib Al Kadir
Assistant Engineer
Bangladesh Agriculture Development
Corporation.
Dr. M.A. Rashid Sarkar
Professor
Military Institution of Science and
Technology
,

2. Objectives
To study the present energy consumption scenario.
To implicate the use of fossil fuel and its environmental
impact on climate change.
To ascertain the role of nuclear power in meeting the
global energy challenges of 21st century.
© ICMERE2019

3. Global Energy Challenges Divide in
energy consumption
Substantial economic growth and rapid industrialization.
Reduction of Energy consumptions and Carbon
footprints.
Low cost and low carbon electricity supply.
Alternative fuels and advanced technologies.
Robust decision making and public engagement.
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4. Global Energy Consumption
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
1990 2005 2020 2035 2050 2065 2080 2095
EJ/yr
Year
Nuclear Gen II
Neclear Gen III
coal
gas
hydro
oil
wind
solar
biomass
Fig: Global primary energy consumption by fuel types
© ICMERE2019

5. Global Energy Generation
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1990 2005 2020 2035 2050 2065 2080 2095
EJ/yr
Year
Nuclear
Biomass
Traditional biomass
Renewable
Natural gas
Unconventional oil
Crude oil
Coal
Fig: Global primary energy generation by fuel types
© ICMERE2019

6. World Energy Resources
Types of Fuel Quantity Estimated
Years
Coal 1.1 Trillion Tons 153 Years
Oil 1722 Billion
Barrels
50 Years
Gas 7000 TCF 200 Years
© ICMERE2019

7. World Energy Resources
Types of Fuel Estimated Years
• Coal 153 years
• Petroleum 39 years
• Natural Gas 61 years
• Uranium (fission) 250 years
• Plutonium (breeder) 500-1,000 years
• Uranium (fusion) perhaps > 1,000 years
• Solar,Wind, Biomass, Ocean
thermal, Ocean current,Tidal
current
limitless (as long as the SUN
shines and Earth spins)
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8. Role Of Nuclear Power
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Nuclear energy now provides about 11% of the world's electricity
from about 450 power reactors.
Nuclear is the world's second largest source of low-carbon
power.
50 countries utilise nuclear energy in about 225 research
reactors. In addition to research, these reactors are used for the
production of medical and industrial isotopes, as well as for
training.

9. Role Of Nuclear Power
© ICMERE2019
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020
TWh
year
Nuclear Electricity Production
Fig: Nuclear electricity generation curve

10. Role Of Nuclear Power
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
1990 2005 2020 2035 2050 2065 2080 2095
EJ/year
share
of
total
year
EJ/year share of total
Fig: Global Nuclear Electricity Generation (EJ/y) and Share of Total.
© ICMERE2019

11. Role Of Nuclear Power
Fig: Nuclear Energy Generation by Country
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12. Impact On Climate Change
Fig: CO2 emission by energy sources (IEA Data and Statistics-2019) © ICMERE2019

13. Impact On Climate Change
Fig: Heat Generation by energy sources (IEA Data and Statistics-2019) © ICMERE2019

14. Impact On Climate Change
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Environmental benefits and issues
Clean air
Nuclear power plants aid
compliance with the Clean Air
Act of 1970, which set
standards to improve the
nation's air quality

15. Impact On Climate Change
© ICMERE2019
 Impact on Ecology
Nuclear energy has one of
the lowest impacts on the
environment of any energy
source because it does not
emit air pollution and
isolates its waste from the
environment.

16. Impact On Climate Change
© ICMERE2019
Clean electricity for transportation
By developing electric vehicles, it is trying to reduce air emissions from the
transportation sector that can run farther and longer between charges. Clean
electricity from nuclear plants can make these vehicles truly "clean”.
Life cycle emissions analyses
Nuclear energy stations do not emit criteria pollutants or greenhouse gases
when they generate electricity.

17. Impact On Climate Change
© ICMERE2019
Sustainable development
Nuclear energy has a vital role to play in providing clean energy for
sustainable economic development around the world.
 Climate Change Initiatives
Nuclear energy's contribution to meeting growing electricity demand is
increasingly recognized federal, state and local policymakers while
reducing greenhouse-gas emissions.

18. Impact On Climate Change
Climate change and holistic environmental management
The large-scale generation of electricity and the large-scale
production of usable water are interdependent.Water use
is one of several interrelated environmental considerations
that need to be analyzed together when considering
electricity generation.
© ICMERE2019

19. Impact On Climate Change
Fig: Damages caused by the recent cyclone named Bulbul in Bangladesh.
© ICMERE2019

20. Impact On Climate Change
Fig: Damages caused by the recent cyclone named Sidr in Bangladesh.
© ICMERE2019

21. Impact On Climate Change
Fig: Damages caused by the recent cyclone named Aila in Bangladesh.
© ICMERE2019

22. Impact On Climate Change
Fig: Damages caused by the recent cyclone named Fani in Bangladesh
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23. Carbon Emission
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0
5
10
15
20
25
1980 2000 2020 2040 2060 2080 2100
Billion
tons
of
Carbon
year
coal
crude oil
unconventional oil
Natural gas
Cement
Fig: Global fossil fuel carbon emission rate comparison.

24. Carbon Emission
© ICMERE2019
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Global
Carbon
dioxide
emissions
(GtC)
year
Shifted to nuclear production Dynamic as usual
Fig: Carbon emissions compared to the emissions for a dynamics-as-usual development
and Nuclear inclusion scenario from 1900 to 2100

25. Impact on Radiation
© ICMERE2019
82
15
3 1
Sources of Radiation
Natural Backgroud
Madical(X-ray, etc)
Consumer products
Nuclear Power Plants
Fig: Sources in radiation.
About 85% of the radiation
humans receives comes from
natural sources such as cosmic
rays from space, granite and
even our food.The remainder
of our annual radiation does
comes from artificial sources
such as medical x-rays. Less
than 0.1% comes from the
nuclear industry.

26. Nuclear Waste
© ICMERE2019
Name of energy
sources
Amount of fuel
Natural gas 17,000 cubic feet
Coal 1,780 pounds
Oil 149 gallons
Table: Comparison between the energy in one
uranium fuel pellet- about the size of the tip
of a little finger.
Throughout the nuclear fuel
cycle, the small volume of
waste byproducts actually
created is carefully
contained, packaged and
safely stored.As a result,
the nuclear energy industry
is the only industry that has
managed and accounted for
all of its waste, preventing
adverse impacts to the
environment.

27. Nuclear Fuel Resources
Comparison between the energy in one uranium fuel pellet
Name of energy
sources
Amount of fuel
Nuclear energy About the size of the tip of a little
finger
Natural gas 17,000 cubic feet
Coal 1,780 pounds
Oil 149 gallons
© ICMERE2019

28. Nuclear Fuel Resources
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Uranium availability
Type of raw material % of
Uranium
ppm U
Very high –grade ore
(Canada)
20% 200,000
High grade ore 2% 20,000
Low grade ore 0.1% 1000
Very low grade ore
(Namibia)
0.01% 100
Granite -- 3-5
Sedimentary rock -- 2-3
Earth’s continental crust
(av)
-- 2.8
Uranium is a naturally
occurring and a small
amount in the earth
crust.At the current
rate of consumption, this
would mean that there
is sufficient reserves of
uranium to last more
than 200 years.

29. Nuclear Fuel Resources
© ICMERE2019
Global Production of Uranium
0
200000
400000
600000
800000
1000000
1200000
1400000
1600000
1800000
tonnes of Uranium
Total production of Uranium
Fig: Country wise total reservation of Uranium.

30. Nuclear Fuel Resources
© ICMERE2019
Global Production of Uranium
29%
12%
9%
8%
7%
6%
6%
5%
4%
4% 2%
2%
2%
1%
1%
1% 3%
Australia Kazakhstan Russian Fed Canada Niger Namibia
South Africa
Brazil USA China Mongolia Ukraine
Uzbekistan Botswana Tanzania Jordan Other
Fig: Country wise percentage of total reservation of Uranium.

31. Cost of Nuclear Power
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32. Cost of Nuclear Power
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33. Cost of Nuclear Power
Levelized Cost by technology and country
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34. Cost of Nuclear Power
Levelized Cost plus System Cost
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35. Closing Remarks
Global energy consumption is increasing even in the face of
substantial declines in energy intensity. It is projected that world
energy consumption will grow by 48% between 2012 and 2040.
But the primary energy sources at this moment throughout the
world take many forms, including nuclear energy, fossil energy, like
oil, coal and natural gas and renewable sources like wind, solar,
geothermal and hydropower.
© ICMERE2019

36. Closing Remarks
© ICMERE2019
 To meet future global energy needs, in ways that are safe, secure,
sustainable and affordable, a more integrated and intelligent energy
system is needed.
 The challenge should be done without jeopardizing the resources,
living standards and environmental quality of future generations. For
this reason, various forceful and utmost measures should be taken for
energy conservation and improvement in the end-use efficiency of
energy.

37. Closing Remarks
A clear conclusion of different studies on future energy demand
is that, Increasing population and higher standard of living will
increase the global demand for energy and specially electricity in
particular. For this reason, different forceful measures like
particular technologies for renewable and nuclear energy should
be taken for energy conservation and improvement in the
efficiency of energy.
© ICMERE2019

38. Closing Remarks
© ICMERE2019
 The operating cost of the nuclear plants are lower than almost all
fossil fuel competitors, with a very low risk of operating cost inflation.
If the social, health and environmental costs of fossil fuels are also
taken into account, the economics of nuclear power are outstanding.
 Nuclear technology is not just used to supply electricity to the grid, it
is in a wide variety of other uses such as medicine, heating and space
travel.

39. Closing Remarks
© ICMERE2019
 On life cycle cost analysis, of course, nuclear power is an
economic source of electricity generation, combining the
advantages of security, reliability, very low greenhouse gas
emissions and cost competitiveness in many markets. So,
definitely it can play a tremendous role to the energy
challenge on 21st century.

40. © ICMERE2019
THANKS