Inhaled aerosol medication, that is given by respiratory therapist, need to be mixed with another medication for quicker time, less cost, or synergic effect.
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Inhaled aerosol compatibility
1. COMPATIBILITY
By : HIND SALMAN AL-SUBGH
Supervisor : MAHER AL-QUAIMI
University of Dammam
College of Applied Medical Science
Respiratory Care Department
Page 1
3. Compound vs Mixture
Compound
Mixture
A compound is a substance
for med when two or mor e
elements ar e chemically
joined.
Mix tures ar e two or more
substances that are mix ed
together but not chemically
joined.
can be broken down into a
simpler type of matter
(elements) by chemical
means
can be separated into its
components by physical
means
Page 3
7. MEDICAL
Two or mor e dr ugs can be
administer ed at the same time
without pr oducing undesir ed side
effects or without canceling or
affecting the ther apeutic effects of
the other s.
Page 7
8. The Category of
Respiratory Medications
Prescription drugs and medicines for
conditions and diseases relating to the lungs
and/or breathing are :
â˘Antihistamines
â˘Antitussives
â˘Bronchodilators
â˘Decongestants
â˘Expectorants
Page 8
9. Antihistamines
⢠Histamine is a body chemical that, when released in the
body, typically causes swelling and itching. Antihistamines
counteract these allergy symptoms by blocking the effects
of histamine and are used for mild respiratory allergies,
such as hay fever
â˘
Diphenhydramine
â˘
Meclizine
â˘
Scopolamine
Page 9
10. Antitussives
⢠Medications control coughs
⢠These preparations must be absorbed into
the blood, circulate through the system, and
then act on the brain.
⢠Codeine
⢠Dextromethorphan
Page 10
11. Expectorants
⢠used to change a dry nonproductive cough
into a productive one
⢠Mucolytics
Page 11
12. Decongestants
⢠Constrict blood vessels in the nose and sinuses to
open air passages
⢠Oral preparations
⢠Nose drops
⢠Nasal sprays
Page 12
13. Bronchodilators
⢠Agents that open airways in the lungs and medications
that relax smooth-muscle tissue (such as that found in the
lungs) are used to improve breathing
⢠Sympathomimetic
⢠Anticholinergic
⢠Corticosteroids
⢠Mast Cell Stabilizers
Page 13
14. Physiological effects
â˘
Adrenergic bronchodilators represent the largest group
of drugs among the aerosolized used for inhalation.
⢠Mode of Action and Effects:
ďź Alpha receptor stimulation
ďź Beta-1-receptor stimulation
ďź Beta-2-receptor stimulation
Page 14
25. Studies
⢠Physical and chemical compatibility is one consideration
when determining the appropriateness of mixing
medications for nebulization.
⢠Several studies have investigated the compatibility of
nebulizer solutions, including antibiotics and bronchodilators.
⢠Studies of the efficacy and safety of mixing
nebulizer medications have been limited, and few inhalation
solutions are approved by (FDA) to be mixed.
Page 25
29. RT has administered an aerosol TX of albuterol to
67-year-old COPD pt.
CC/ acute exacerbation & SOB
When the RT returns to the pt. informs him that he began to
feel very shaky and nervous , beginning about 30 min after
the TX. He also noticed a tremor when he held his water
cup.His HR during the earlier TX. Was 84 beats/min. After
the RT did the assessment every thing was normal and stable
although the auscultation reveals mild wheezing and mild
tremor is apparent when he holds his hand out. He states that
he is now feeling better and the â shakinessâ has subsided a
bit.
Page 29
30. COPD pt. receiving regular TX. Of
ipratropium bromide who require
additional bronchodilation for relief of
airflow obstruction.
Q: What do you think is the other appropriate
Bronchodilator for him?
And why did you choice it?
Albuterol
Page 30
31. 21-year male Pt. came to the ER
with a sever allergic reaction of
seafoods he was gasping for air.
Q : what would be the appropriate Tx. For him ?
Epinephrine injection
Page 31
Compound vs Mixture
Compatibility
Category of respiratory medications
Most Common use drugs in respiratory therapy
Physiological effects
What should we mix
Cases
-The smallest unit of a chemical element that has the properties of that element is called an atom.
-Elements are substances that cannot be separated into simpler substances
If substances mix and do not change they are considered compatible. If substances mix and change or do not mix at all they are considered incompatible
Whether your respiratory problem is as minor as a cough or as serious as an asthma attack, the drug that will most likely be prescribed for you will fall under the category of respiratory medications
). Expectorants are supposed to increase the amount of mucus that is produced, but drinking extra water or using a vaporizer or humidifier is probably more effective at increasing mucus production
Racemic epinephrine: strong beta-adrenergic vasoconstricting effect or reduce airway swelling after extubation,control bleeding during endoscopy.
Symbicort is an asthma controller medication combining two drugs into one inhaler.
inhaled steroiddecreasing irritation and inflammation.+long-acting beta agonist relieves bronchoconstriction= Pulmicort (budesonide)+Foradil (formoterol)
Easier than taking each component medicine separately
Increases your compliance
Allows for lower doses of total inhaled corticosteroid, which may minimize potential side effects
Fluticasone (Flovent)Â +Salmeterol (Serevent) The LABA widens your lung airways and the inhaled steroid decreases and prevents airway inflammation
Dornase alfa hydrolyzes the DNA present in sputum/mucus of cystic fibrosispatients and reduces viscosity in the lungs, promoting improved clearance of secretions.Â